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Anatomy 2 > Brain/Cranium > Flashcards

Brain/Cranium Flashcards

1
Q

Carotid canal

A

Internal carotid artery, sympathetic fibers

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2
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A

Frontal lobe of brain

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3
Q

Cribriform foramina in cribriform plate

A

Axons of olfactory epithelium that form olfactory nerve (CN I)

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4
Q

Middle cranial fossa

A

Temporal lobes of brain

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5
Q

Optic canals

A

Optic nerves (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries

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6
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

Ophthalmic veins, ophthalmic nerve (CN V1), oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV) and abducens nerve (CN VI), and sympathetic fibers

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7
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

Maxillary nerve (CN V2)

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8
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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9
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery/vein

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10
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

Nothing passes through but opening is traversed by internal carotid artery

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11
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

Cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata

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12
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Spinal cord and meninges, vertebral arteries, dural veins, anterior and posterior spinal arteries

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13
Q

Jugular foramen

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), spinal accessory nerve (CN XI); internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses

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14
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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15
Q

Internal auditory meatus

A

Facial (CN VII) and Vestibulocochlear nerves (CN VIII)

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16
Q

When does Metopic suture closes

A

3-9 months

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17
Q

When does coronal suture closes

A

Full fusion around age 24

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18
Q

When does sagittal suture closes

A

Being 29 — completely close by 35

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19
Q

When does lambdoid suture closes

A

Full fusion may never occur, but typically between ages 30-40

20
Q

Olfactory

Nerve#, component, main action, cranial exit, assessment

A

Nerve# 1
Component: Special sensory(Olfaction)
Main action: Smell from nasal mucosa
Cranial exit: Foramina in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
Assessment: Smell coffee grounds/mint etc 10cm away

21
Q

Optic

Nerve#, component, main action, cranial exit, assessment

A 
Nerve# 2
Component: special sensory (vision)
Main action: vision from retina
Cranial exit: Optic canal
Assessment: Snellen chart; examine visual fields by wiggling fingers 1 foot from pt’s ear, asking which one they see move
22
Q

Oculomotor

Nerve#, component, main action, cranial exit, assessment

A

Nerve# 3

component: Somatic motor
main action: All eye muscles except superior oblique and lateral rectus
Cranial exit: superior orbital fissure
Assessment: 6 cardinal points of eye movements, convergence by moving finger towards bridge of pt’s nose.

component: Visceral motor
main action: parasympathetic to sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles in eye -> constricts pupil and accommodates lens of eye(ciliary gaglion)
cranial exit: Superior orbital fissure
assessment: Pupillary light reaction

23
Q

Trochlear

Nerve#, component, main action, cranial exit, assessment

A

Nerve# 4
component: somatic motor
main action: superior oblique muscle of eye
cranial exit: superior orbital fissure
assessment: 6 cardinal points of eye movement, convergence by moving finger towards bridge of pt’s nose

24
Q

Ophthalmic

Nerve#, component, main action, cranial exit, assessment

A

Nerve# V1
component: General somatic sensory
main action: Sensation from cornea, skin of forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose and mucosa of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
cranial exit: superior orbital fissure
assessment: corneal reflex; facial sensation on forehead;

25
Q

Maxillary

Nerve#, component, main action, cranial exit, assessment

A

Nerve# V2
-component: General somatic sensory

  • main action: sensation from skin of face over maxilla, upper lip, maxillary teeth, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinuses, palate, nasopharynx
  • cranial exit: foramen rotundum
  • assessment: Facial sensation on cheek
26
Q

Mandibular

Nerve#, component, main action, cranial exit, assessment

A

Nerve# V3
-component: General somatic sensory

  • main action: Sensation from skin over mandible, lower lip, side of head, mandibular teeth, temporomandibular joint, mucosa of mouth, anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • cranial exit: Foramen ovale
  • assessment: Facial sensation on jaw
  • component: somatic motor
  • main action: muscles of mastication
  • cranial exit: foramen ovale
  • assessment: Motor-pt opens mouth, clenches teeth (pterygoids) — palpate temporal, masseter muscles as they clench.
27
Q

Abducent

Nerve#, component, main action, cranial exit, assessment

A

Nerve# VI
component: somatic motor
main action: lateral rectus muscle of eye
cranial exit: superior orbital fissure
assessment: 6 cardinal points of eye movements, convergence by moving finger towards bridge of pt’s nose

28
Q

Facial

Nerve#, component, main action, cranial exit, assessment

A

Nerve# VII

component: somatic motor
main action: muscles of facial expression, stapedius of middle ear, stylohyoid and digastirc muscles of neck
cranial exit: Internal acoustic meatus; facial canal; stylomastoid foramen
assessment: Inspect facial droop or asymmetry. Facial expression muscles: Wrinkle forehead, shuts eyes tightly, fins, frown, show teeth, puff out cheeks.

component: Special sensory
main action: Taste anterior 2/3 of tongue and palate
cranial exit: Internal acoustic meatus; facial canal; stylomastoid foramen
assessment: Taste anterior 2/3 of tongue

component: General somatic sensory
main action: Sensation from skin of external acoustic meatus
cranial exit: Internal acoustic meatus; facial canal; stylomastoid foramen
assessment: Sharp/dull object to external acoustic meatus with care

component: Visceral motor
main action: Parasympathetic innervation to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland, and glands of nose and palate (pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglion)
cranial exit: Internal acoustic meauts; facial canal; stylomastoid foramen
assessment: complaints of consistant dry/cotton mouth/eyes?

29
Q

Geniculate ganglion

A

Sensory component of CN VII

30
Q

Optic nerve CN II vision from ?

A

Retina

31
Q

Oculomotor nerve CN III Sympathetic or parasympathetic? path?

A

Parasympathetic

Innervated to sphincter pupillae and cillary muscles in eyes

Presynaptic fibers synapse in the cillary ganglion

Postsynaptic fibers pass to the eyeball via short ciliary nerves

Constricts pupil and accommodates lens of eyes (lens becomes more rounded) for near vision

32
Q

CN IV injury causes what?

A

Diplopia when looking down

33
Q

CN VI causes what when damaged?

A

Inability to abduct the eye on the affected side

34
Q

Symapathetic innervation of the eye path

A

T1-T3 —> superior cervical ganglion/travel with internal carotid artery —> ciliary ganglion —> short ciliary nerves

35
Q

What nerve is used for somatic motor to muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal Nerve CN V—mandibular CN V3

36
Q

CN VII exits through?

A

Stylomastoid foramen via internal acoustic meatus

37
Q

Name two ganglion of Facial Nerve CN VII

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion— lacrimimal, nasal, pharyngeal and palatine glands.

And

Submandibular gagnlion—-sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

38
Q

Parasympathetic pathway of CN VII

A

Via submandibular ganglion

And pterygopalatine ganglion

39
Q

Special sensory of Facial nerve

A

Transmits taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and soft palate

40
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve

A

CN VIII

  • **Vestibular
  • Exits via Internal acoustic meatus
  • Special sensory for balance and equilibrium from semicircular ducts
  • **Cochlear
  • Exits via internal acoutic meatus
  • Special sensory of hearing from the spiral organ
41
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

CN IX

Exits via Jugular foramen

Somatic motor— motor to stylopharyngeus to assist with swallowing

Visceral motor— parasympathetic innervation to parotid gland(otic ganglion)

Special sensory(taste) — taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

General somatic sensory — external ear, pharynx, middle ear, oropharynx

Visceral sensory —- carotid body and sinus

42
Q

Vagus

A

CN X

Somatic motor— motor to constrictor muscles of pharynx, intrinsic muscles of larynx, muscles of palate (Except tensor veli palatini), and striated muscle in superior 2/3 of esophagus

Visceral motor — parasympathetic innervation to smooth muscle of trachea, bronchi, digestive tract and cardiac muscle of heart

Visceral sensory — visceral sensation from base of tongue laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, esophagus, stomach and intestine

Special sensory — taste from epiglottis and palate

General somatic sensory — sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus and dura mater of posterior cranial fossa

43
Q

Spinal accessory

A

CN XI

Exits jugular foramen

Somatic motor—motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

44
Q

Hypoglossal

A

CN XII

Exits hypoglossal canal

Somatic motor—intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue (Expect palatoglossus)

45
Q

Parasympathetic route of facial CN VII

A

Greater petrosal nerve —> pterygopalatine gagnlia —> zygomaticotemp—oral nerve joints the lacrimal nerve of V1
(Parasympathetic: lacrimal gland and glands of palate)

Chorda tympani nerve joins lingual nerve joins lingual nerve of CN V3 —> submandibular ganglia —> continues to sublingual and submandibular glands

46
Q

Glossopharyngeal IX

A

Lesser petrosal nerve —> otic ganglion —> auriculotemporal nerve

47
Q

Parasympathetic pathway of CN VII

Name two pathways and their pathways

A

**Pterygopalatine
Facial nerve—> greater petrosal nerve —> pteygopalatine ganglion —> lacrimal nerve Of v 1—> lacriminal gland —> increase tears production

***SUbmandibular
Facial nerve —> chorda tympani —> lingual nerve V3 —> submandibular ganglion —> submandibular gland —> promotes secretion of saliva

Anatomy 2 (6 decks)

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