Brain & Behaviour Flashcards
serotonin
known as a monoamine neurotransmitter which is used and essential for state of mind, dreams and the ability to control emotions and behaviour.
Dendrites
branched protoplasmic extensions of a nerve cell that spread the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body
What are interneurons
They are the neurons used to transmit impulses to other neurons especially with reflexes
Serotonin
Popular chemical in our bodies, it helps show our happiness and wellbeing
synapse
commonly known as the site for neurone in the nervous system. The neurotransmitter then releases a chemical which allows these neutrons to “talk” to each other
Glutamate
Is a neurotransitter that sends signals to other cells
Synapse
Allows neurons to pass electrocuemicals
Terminal buttons
Small knobs at the end of the axons
Dopamine
a type of neurotransmitter, that is used when the brain sends signals to the muscles in the body to make them move
Endorphins
natural chemicals in the body that fight pain, they are released when a person gets hurt, but also during exercise, laughter or sex
Epinephrine
two chemical messengers that the sympathetic nervous system and cause the “fight or flight” response to kick in
Dendrites
Extensions of the neuron that detect information from other neurons. They look like tree branches.
Dopamine
A monoamine neurotransmitter involved in motivation, reward, and motor control.
Endorphins
Neurotransmitters involved in natural pain reduction and reward.
Epinephrine
A monoamine neurotransmitter responsible for bursts of energy after an event that is exciting or threatening.
GABA
Gamma-aminobutyric; inhibitory transmitter in the nervous system.
Glutamate
A neurotransmitter that nerve cells use to send signals to other cells.
Interneurons
Enron’s found only in the central nervous system
Serotonin
Sometimes referred to as the happy chemical. This is because it contributes to making us feel happy!
Synapse
A structure in the nervous system that allows for signals to pass into other neurones
Terminal Buttons
Small knobs at the end of axons that release neurotransmitters
Motor Neurons
- One of three neurons
* produce movement by directing muscles to contract or relax
Myelin sheath
- material made of glial cells
* insulate axons to allow faster movement of electrical impulses along the Axon
Neurons
- basic unit of nervous system
- operate through electrical impulses to communicate with other Neurons and to receive, integrate & transmit information
Neurotransmitter
Chemical substances that send messages from one neuron to another
Norepinephrine
A monoamine neurotransmitter which helps arousal and attention
peripheral nervous system
parts of the human body that aren’t part of the central nervous system. nerve cells outside the brain and spinal cord
receptors
in neuron, protein molecules usually located in cell surface. neurotransmitters bind to those protein molecules after going through the synapse
resting membrane potential
difference across the membrane’s electrical charge when cell is a rest
reuptake
process in the brain of neurotransmitters to retrieve chemicals that were not received by the next neuron, stopping its activity. the neurotransmitter is taken back into the presynaptic terminal buttons
sensory neurons
one of the three types of neurons. they detect all the information from the physical world and send it all to the brain
cell body
: the nucleus-containing central part of a neuron exclusive of its axons and dendrites that is the major structural element of the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord, the ganglia, and the retina, important parts of body
axon
the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells. like lego blocks
central nervous system
the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates it comprises the brain and spinal cord, the most valuable part of the body .
action potential
the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell. the way the electrical impulse gets to a cell
acetylcholine
functions as a neurotransmitter. like a road way from your brain
terminal button
an a on is a nerve fibre, terminal buttons are located on the end of these axons and their jobs are to release neurotransmitters which are essentially used for the synapse
glutamate
these act as a neurotransmitter, they manage to send messages to the brain by exciting the neurons, glutamates are important for learning, memory and development of the brain.
interneurons
located the in the brain and spinal cord . they are known to be responsible for reflexes, small movements and development of nerve and tissue. this is responsible for movement
Motor Neurons
Located in some parts of the brain and spinal cord, these neurons are responsible for transmitting signals from the brain to the muscles
Ex. Moving your leg or arm
Myelin Sheath
Insulating later that forms around nerves. It is responsible for protecting the nerves from other electrical impulses and also allows electrical impulses to travel more quickly
Neurons
Specialized cells in the body that transmit information to other nerve cells
Neurotransmitters
Chemicals in your brain that are responsible for sending information between Neurons
Ex. Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Motor neurons of the nervous system releases to activate muscles
Action Potential
When the membrane potential of a specific cell location rapidly rises and then falls
cell body
the part of the neuron where information is received from other neurons
axon
where information is sent to other neurons
acetylcholine (ACh)
responsible for motor control of muscles and binds to receptors on muscle cells
(ex. gripping a pencil contracts the muscles in your hand)
action potential
an electrical signal that passes along the axon (sends a message)
central nervous system
consists of the brain and spinal cord
Glutanate
The most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system
Interneurons
A neuron that passes on impulses from other neurons
Serotonin
Contributes to feelings of wellbeing or happiness
Synapse
A meeting between neurons. A small gap where neurotransmitters move to pass on an impulse
Terminal buttons
Knobs at the end of a presynaptic neuron that release neurotransmitters
Norepinephrine
A chemical in your body that narrows blood vessels and increases blood sugar levels. Similar to adrenaline, this neurotransmitter releases during stressful situations.
Peripheral Nervous System
All nerve cells that aren’t part of the central nervous system (central nervous system is brain and spinal chord).
E.g. somatic and autonomic nervous system
Resting membrane potential
Electrical charge of neuron when it is not active
E.g. writing a letter.
Sensory
One of three types of neurons. The neuron that takes information from the outside world and sends it to your brain.
Receptors
Special protein molecules in neurons that are on the postsynaptic membrane. After neurotransmitters pass the synapse, they bind to these.
E.g. locks
Reuptake
When neurotransmitters, that haven’t bound to the to a receptor sites in the next neuron and are in the synapse, are taken back into the neuron through presynaptic terminal buttons. E.g. vacuum
