Brain & Arousal

Question 1

2 Parts of Consciousness

Answer 1

(1) Arousal
(2) Awareness

Question 2

Coma

Answer 2

Neither awake or aware

Question 3

Persistent Vegetative State

Answer 3

• Physiologically identifiable sleep/wake cycles
• No evidence of awareness
• Existing response largely reflexive

Question 4

Minimally Conscious State

Answer 4

• Sleep/wake cycles
• Reproducible evidence of awareness – ability to respond to simple commands
• Limited or absent communication

Question 5

Disruptions of consciousness often result from small lesions in the:

Answer 5

Brainstem, Midbrain, Hypothalamus – in many cases the cortex isn’t obviously damaged

Question 6

Cortical neurons are as much as ___ mV ___ threshold compared to normal in an individual in a persistent vegetative state

Answer 6

• 30
• Below

Question 7

Coma
(1) Eye/Head Motions?
(2) Sleep/Wake Cycle?
(3) Awareness?
(4) Verbal Responses?

Answer 7

(1) Yes, reflexive
(2) No
(3) No
(4) No

Question 8

Persistent Vegetative State
(1) Eye/Head Motions?
(2) Sleep/Wake Cycle?
(3) Awareness?
(4) Verbal Responses?

Answer 8

(1) Yes, reflexive
(2) Yes
(3) No
(4) No

Question 9

Minimally Conscious State
(1) Eye/Head Motions?
(2) Sleep/Wake Cycle?
(3) Awareness?
(4) Verbal Responses?

Answer 9

(1) Yes, some volitional
(2) Yes
(3) Yes, but inconsistent
(4) Yes, but inconsistent

Question 10

Aware/Alert State
(1) Eye/Head Motions?
(2) Sleep/Wake Cycle?
(3) Awareness?
(4) Verbal Responses?

Answer 10

(1) Yes
(2) Yes
(3) Yes
(4) Yes

Question 11

Neurotransmitters present in the basic arousal system:

Answer 11

• EAA
• ACh