Brain and Spinal Cord Flashcards
Where is the Frontal Lobe?
Anterior of the brain
Frontal lobe controls:
Speech formation and comprehension, Memory, Logical and emotional responses, Sensation interpretation, Voluntary movement
What is Broca’s area?
Portion of the brain that allows actual motor formation of words
Where is the parietal lobe?
Center of skull
Parietal lobe controls:
Somatic senses, Interpretation of sensory input, Recognition of pain, coldness, and light touches
Where is the occipital lobe?
Posterior of the skull
Occipital lobe controls:
Interpretation of some of the special senses, particularly sight
Where are the temporal lobes?
Inferior portion of the skull
Temporal lobes control:
Reception and interpretation of sound, Reception and interpretation of smell
Where is the brain stem?
Under the brain
Brain stem controls:
Blood pressure, Breathing rate
What is the brain stem?
Pathway for ascending and descending neural tracts
Where is the diencephalon?
Above the brainstem, interior of brain
Diencephalon controls:
Hormones, Crude recognitions, Regulation of temperature, water balance, and metabolism, Visceral senses
Where is the cerebellum?
Under the temporal lobes
Cerebellum controls:
Precise skeletal muscle timing and activity, Equilibrium of the body
What are meninges?
Tough, three layer membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Protect CNS from abrasive damage and circulate csf.
What is the dura mater?
Attaches to the skull
What is the pia mater?
Attaches to the brain and spinal cord
What is the arachnoid mater?
Connects the two
What is CSF?
Watery substance derived from blood plasma
Contains nutrients and ions essential to the health of the brain and spinal cord. CSF also provides extra cushioning
Where is the CSF?
Circulates in the subarachnoid space – space under the arachnoid mater, but above the pia mater
What is the spinal cord?
A continuation of the brain, a two way information pathway. About 17 inches long and ends at second lumbar vertebra. This is where we do a spinal tap. 31 pairs of spinal nerves come off the spinal cord
What are cranial nerves?
12 pairs total, Each serves a different part of the cranium or throat, Only the vagus nerves extend down into the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Cranial Nerve I
Olfactory: Solely for smell sensation
Cranial Nerve II
Optic: Solely for sight sensation
Cranial Nerve III
Oculomotor: Moves the eye and controls pupil
Cranial Nerve IV
Trochlear: Moves the eye
Cranial Nerve V
Trigeminal: Sensation of facial skin, mucosa of mouth & nose, activates chewing muscles
Cranial Nerve VI
Abducens: Rolls eye laterally
Cranial Nerve VII
Facial: Controls muscles of facial expression, lacrimal, and salivary glands, carries taste impulses
Cranial Nerve VIII
Vestibulocochlear: Vestibular branch controls balance, cochlear branch transmits impulses for hearing
Cranial Nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal: promote swallowing and saliva production, carries taste sensation
Cranial Nerve X
Vagus: Control pharynx, larynx, abdominal, and thoracic viscera
Cranial Nerve XI
Accessory: Control sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Cranial Nerve XII
Hypoglossal: Control the tongue, carries impulses from the tongue
What are nerve plexes?
Network of nerves that arises from a certain set of vertebra and serves a certain area of the body.
Cervical: C1 – C5
Major Nerve: Phrenic – controls diaphragm
Brachial: C5 – T1
Major Nerves:
Axillary – controls deltoid
Radial – controls triceps
Median – controls forearm flexor muscles and some hand muscles
Musculocutaneous – controls arm flexors
Ulnar – controls wrist and hand muscles
Lumbar: L1 – L4
Major Nerves:
Femoral – controls lower abdomen, buttocks, anterior thighs
Obturator – Controls adductor muscles, small hip muscles
Sacral: L4 – S4
Major Nerves:
Sciatic – (largest nerve in the body), lower trunk, posterior surface of leg and thigh
Common fibular – lateral aspect of leg and foot
Tibial – posterior aspect of leg and foot
Superior and inferior gluteal – gluteal muscles of hip
