Brain and Nervous System Chapter 5

Question 1

Hind brain

Answer 1

• the hindbrain is the lower part of the brain.
• its functions include:
  - supporting bodily functions
  - linking the spinal cord and the brain
  - responsible for movement and balance

Question 2

Cerebellum

Answer 2

• The cerebellum is a walnut shaped area the receives information form the pons.
• the cerebellum coordinates the sequence of body movement

Question 3

Medulla

Answer 3

• medulla is a continuation of the spine

- its role is to control breathing, heartbeat and digestion

Question 4

Pons

Answer 4

• the pons sit above the medulla

- the pons receive information from visual areas that control eye and body functions

Question 5

MidBrain

Answer 5

• the midbrain sits above the hindbrain and below the forebrain
• it is responsible for the regulation of sleep, motor movement, and arousal
• includes part of the reticular formation

Question 6

reticular formation

Answer 6

• the reticular formation is a network of neurons that is part of both the mid and hindbrain. it also connects the hind and forebrain
• the reticular formation is important for the control of arousal and the ‘sleeping, waking’ cycle

Question 7

forebrain

Answer 7

• the upmost part of the brain

- parts of the forebrain: cerebrum, hypothalamus, thalamus

Question 8

Cerebrum

Answer 8

• the cerebrum is the biggest part of the forebrain

- it is covered by a think layer known as the cerebral cortex and is divided into the left and right hemispheres

Question 9

hypothalamus

Answer 9

• the hypothalamus is a small structure that has a very important role in the control of basic survival actions
• (sleep, body temp, expression of emotions, the 4 ‘f’s - feeding, fighting, fleeing, fornication)

Question 10

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 10

• the outer layer of the forebrain (cerebral cortex) is responsible for receiving information from the environment, controlling responses, higher order thinking (problem solving/planning)

Question 11

Primary Cortices

Answer 11

• when sensory receptors first receive information from the environment, it is sent to the thalamus and then relays the information to the relevant lobe.
• the primary cortex then gin

Question 12

Primary Cortices

Answer 12

• when sensory receptors first receive information from the environment, it is sent to the thalamus and then relays the information to the relevant lobe.
• the primary cortex then begins processing and interpreting incoming sensory information

Question 13

Frontal Lobe

Answer 13

• the frontal lobes are the largest of the lobes and have several functions:
  - motor functions, language, planning, judgement, problem-solving, personality, regulation of emotions
• the association area of the left frontal lobe is responsible for the production of speech
• frontal lobes include a primary motor cortex for each hemisphere

Question 14

primary motor cortex

Answer 14

• the primary motor cortex is at the rear of each frontal lobe
• it is the part in the frontal lobe responsible for movement of skeletal muscles
• left motor cortex = movement on the right side
• right motor cortex = movement on the left side

Question 15

parietal lobes

Answer 15

• the parietal love is taken up by the somatosensory cortex
• it is situated at the front of each parietal love
• it receives sensations such as touch, pressure, temperature and pain from the body

Question 16

Temporal Lobes

Answer 16

• the temporal love processes auditory information
• the primary auditory cortex is in the upper most part of the temporal lobe
• the temporal lobe performs complex auditory analysis that is necessary for understanding human speech or listening to music

Question 17

occipital lobes

Answer 17

• occipital lobes are entirely concerned with vision
• information from the left side of each retina is processed in the left lobe
• infromation from the right side of each retina is processed in the right lobe

Question 18

Hemispheric Specialisation

Answer 18

• hemispheric specialisation refers to the specialisation and dominance of certain functions by each of the cerebral hemispheres of the brain
• Each hemisphere can specialise in various functions.

Question 19

Right Hemispheric Functions

Answer 19

• Non-Verbal functions. These are those that do not require the use of recognition of words. Processing such as that are required by spatial, musical, and visual recognition tasks.
○ Eg: jigsaw puzzles, map reading, producing/appreciating art, recognising
faces and music and emotion.
• This hemisphere is also responsible for daydreaming and creativity.

Question 20

Left hemispheric Functions

Answer 20

• Verbal functions that require the use or recognition of words, such as language, speaking and understanding speech, reading and writing.
• Analytical functions. Such as logical thinking, logical reasoning which involves sequential thought processes.