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PSYCHOBIOLOGY AND COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY > Brain anatomy Part 1 > Flashcards

Brain anatomy Part 1 Flashcards

-Be familiar with the major divisions of the brain -Be able to describe the gross anatomy of the cortex -Describe the structure and function of the neural material of the cortex within each of the four lobes: 1) Frontal lobe 2) Parietal Lobe 3)Temporal Lobe 4) Occipital Lobe

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1
Q

Anterior (rostral)

A

Front Part

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2
Q

Posterior (Caudal)

A

Back Part

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3
Q

Dorsal

A

Top/ Back Surface

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4
Q

Ventral

A

Front/ Ground Facing Surface

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5
Q

Lateral

A

Towards the Sides

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6
Q

Medial

A

Towards the Middle

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7
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side of the brain/ body

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8
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite side of the brain/body

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9
Q

Two divisions of the Nervous System

A

1) Central Nervous System (CNS)

2) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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10
Q

Somatic Nervous System
(PNS)

A

-Nerves that convey messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from CNS to muscles and glands

-Controls movement of the skeletal muscles

-Communicates through the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves

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11
Q

Autonomic Nervous System
(PNS)

A
  • has neutrons that control vital organs
  • 2 Major subdivisions
    10 Sympathetic Nervous System
    2) Parasympathetic Nervous System
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12
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System
(SNS)

A

-Collection of Nerve Cells - Ganglia
- Located to the left and right of the spinal Column
Extends to Vital Organs
- Prepares body for fight or flight
- Increases heart rate/ breathing
- decreases digestive activity

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13
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System
(ANS)

A

-Controls fluctuations in non-emergency situations
- Works in oppositions to the sympathetic nervous system
- Decreases heart and breathing rate
- Increases digestion
- “rest’ and ‘digest”

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14
Q

Spinal Cord
(CNS)

A
  • Communicates with sense organs and muscles from head downwards
  • has 31 segments
  • Each segment contains sensory and motor nerves which enter and exit through small holes in the spinal column
    > Sensory Nerves: Enter cord from back
    > Motor Nerves : Enter from front
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15
Q

PARTS OF DERMANTOMES

A

1) CERVICAL
2) THORACIC
3) LUMBAR
4) SACRAL

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16
Q

Meninges

A
  • Connective tissue that protects brain & spinal cord
  • has 3 layers:
    1) Dura mater- outer layer (flexible)
    2) Arachnoid Membrane -Soft and Spongy Middle
    3) Pia Mater -Lower Layer (attached to the skull and spine)
    4) Subarachnoid space- Gap between Pia mater and arachnoid membrane
17
Q

VENTRICULAR SYSTEM

A
  • has cerebrospinal fluid
  • Protects brain from damage
  • Provides buoyancy, hormones and nutrition
  • flows from lateral to third then fourth ventricles
  • Some enter the spinal canal, most flow in subarachnoid space
  • Reabsorbed blood vessels
18
Q

MAJOR DIVISIONS OF BRAIN

A

1) FOREBRAIN
2)MIDBRAIN
3)HINDBRAIN

19
Q

FOREBRAIN

A
  • LARGEST PART
  • CONTAINS 2 DIVISIONS:
    1) TELNCEPHALON

2) DIENCEPHALON

20
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Cortex means bark - 3mm thick
surrounds hemispheres
recent part of brain to evolve is neocortex
Responsible for processing sensory and motor information and controlling higher mental processes

2 different regions of cortex perform specialised functions

1) Anterior Regions - involved on movement- related activities- planning and executing behaviours

2) Posterior Regions; Involved in vision Sensation & keeping us alert

21
Q

THE CEREBRAL CORTEX IS CONVOLUTED

A

THESE CONVOLUTIONS TAKE 3 FORMS
1)SULCI- SMALL GROOVES
2) FISSURES- LARGE GROOVES

A) Central Fissure- between frontal and parietal lobes
B) Lateral Fissure- between parietal and temporal lobes (over ears)

Gyri- bulges between the adjacent sulk and fissures

22
Q

CONVOLUTIONS PT 2
NOTES

A
  • INCREASE SURFACE OF THE BRAIN, COMPARED WITH A SMOOTH SURFACE

-TWO THIRDS OF THE SURFACE OF THE CORTEX IS HIDDEN IN GROOVE, SO GYRI AND SULCI TRIPLE THE AREA OF THE CORTEX

  • NEURONAL CELL BODIES MAKE UP THE MAJORITY OF THE CORTEX WHICH GIVE IT A GREYISH APPEARANCE- HENCE THE NAME “GREY MATTER”
  • HEMISPHERES CONNECTED BY A BAND OF NERVE FIBRES CALLED CORPUS CALLOSUM
23
Q

CORTEX LOBES

A

FRONTAL - FRONT OF CENTRAL SULCUS

PARIETAL- LOCATED BY THE SIDE OF THE HEMISPHERE, JUST BEHIND THE CENTRAL SULCUS, BEHIND THE FRONTAL LOBE

TEMPORAL: BY THE TEMPLES- BELOW THE FRONTAL OR PARIETAL LOBES

OCCIPITAL: LIES IN THE VERY BACK OF THE BRAIN, BEHIND THE PARIETAL AND TEMPORAL LOBES

24
Q

FRONTAL LOBE PARTS

A

FRONTAL ASSOCIATION AREA
SPEECH
MOTOR CORTEXT

25
Q

TEMPORAL LOBE

A

SMELL
HEARING
AUDITORY ASSOCIATION AREA

26
Q

OCCIPITAL LOBE

A

VISUAL ASSOCIATION AREA
VISION

27
Q

PARIETAL LOBE

A

SPEECH
TASTE
SOMATOSENSORY CORTEXT
SOMOATOSENSORY ASSOCIATION AREA
READING

28
Q

FRONTAL LOBE INFO

A

PMC - INVOLVED IN PLANNING AND EXECUTING VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS

PRE-MOTOR CORTEXT- INVOLVED IN DIRECT CONTROL OF CERTAIN MUSCLES IN THE TRUNK AND THE FINE MOTOR COORDINATION

PREFRONTAL COREX - INVOLVED IN THE PLANNING AND EXECUTION OF COMPLEX INFO, PROCESSING AND BEHAVIOUR
(THINKING, DECISION MAKING)

29
Q

PHINEAS GAGE

A

“REFERRED TO AS THE MAN WHO BEGAN NEUROSCIENCE”
-HE EXPERIENCED TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY WHEN AN IRON ROD WAS DRIVEN THROUGH HIS SKULL

-FIRST EXAMPLE OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE INDICATING THAT DAMAGE TO THE FRONTAL LOBES MAY ALTER PERSONALITY, EMOTIONS AND SOCIAL INTERACTIONS

  • DAMAGE ONLY LIMITED TO THE LEFT FRONTAL LOBE, DID NOT EXTEND TO THE RIGHT SIDE, AND DID NOT AFFECT THE VENTRICULAR SYSTEM OF

PSYCHOBIOLOGY AND COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY (1 decks)

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