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Nervous System > Brain > Flashcards

Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What joins the spinal cord and the brain?

A

Brain stem

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2
Q

What are the three parts of the brain stem?

A

Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain

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3
Q

What is the Medulla Oblongata?

A

The medulla forms the inferior part of the brain stem. Contains white matter with sensory and motor neurons.

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4
Q

What is the Pons?

A

Above the Medulla, anterior to the cerebellum. Acts as a bridge/ junction point connecting several parts of brain to others.

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5
Q

What is the Midbrain?

A

Midbrain connects the Pons to the Diencephalon. Contains tracts and is a site for synapse.

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6
Q

Above the brainstem is the Diencephalon. What is the Diencephalon?

A

Contains the Thalamus and the Hypothalamus.

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7
Q

Above the Diencephalon is the…

A

Cerebrum - the largest part of the brain.

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8
Q

At the back of the brain, posterior to the brain stem is the…

A

Cerebellum

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9
Q

What is the function of the brain stem?

A
  • All sensory and motor pathways pass through here
  • Vital for cardiac and respiratory control
  • Site of the cranial nerves (PNS)
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10
Q

What is the Thalamus?

A

The ‘relay centre’ as it is a key area for spinal cord pathways and receives input from other brain areas. Involved in:

  • Visual, auditory, motor info
  • temp and touch
  • learn, concentrate, memory, speech
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11
Q

What is the Hypothalamus?

A

Controls temperature and hormone levels as well as thirst.

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12
Q

What does the Cerebellum do?

A

Coordinate movement and make fine adjustments for smooth movement, balance and coordination

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13
Q

What are the two divisions of the Cerebrum?

A

Right and Left Hemisphere

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14
Q

What links the right and left hemisphere?

A

Corpus Callosum

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15
Q

Which hemisphere controls which side of the body?

A

Right hemisphere - Left Side

Let Hemisphere - Right side

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16
Q

What is the Right hemisphere specialised in?

A

Complex visual patterns

17
Q

What is the left hemisphere specialised in?

A

Language

18
Q

The Cerebrum has two important parts, what are they?

A

Basal Ganglia

Cerebral Cortex

19
Q

What is the Basal Ganglia?

A

Found deep within cerebrum. Key for planning and initiating movement.

20
Q

What is the Cerebral Cortex?

A

The highly folded outer surface of the Cerebrum.

21
Q

What are the four divisions of the Cerebral Cortex?

A 
Frontal Cortex (front extending to mid point)
Parietal Cortex (Top towards the back)
Temporal Cortex (Middle towards bottom)
Occipital Cortex (Back, lower down)
22
Q

Anatomically the cortex’s can be further divided. These divisions are called?

A

Broadman’s Areas

23
Q

The Cortex can be divided into functional areas, both sensory and motor areas. What are some examples of sensory and motor areas?

A 
Sensory
-auditory cortex
-visual cortex
-Somatosensory Cortex
-Taste Cortex
Motor
-Motor Cortex
-pre-motor Cortex
24
Q

What does the Somatosensory Cortex do?

A

Allows you to pinpoint skin sensations

25
Q

Where is the Somatosensory Cortex found?

A

Behind the primary motor cortex (which is the origin of of the cortico spinal pathway)

26
Q

What dictates how much space any cortex requires?

A

Not the size of the body part it relates to but rather the precision the body part needs to operate at. So the hands for example have a disproportionately large area of cortex due to the precision they need to function

27
Q

What are the two fluids found in the brain?

A 
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Blood
28
Q

The amounts of these fluids in the brain must be kept consistent because…

A
  • Limited Space
  • brain intolerant to lack of oxygen
  • chemical environment of brain needs to be constant
29
Q

Where is CSF found in the brain?

A

The ventricles, outer brain surface and spinal cord central canal

30
Q

What is the function of CSF?

A

Brain protection

Constant chemical environment

31
Q

The brain receives a disproportionately large degree of cardiac output - how much?

A

20%

32
Q

What is the blood brain barrier?

A

The fact that the blood capillaries in the brain and not very leaky. This stops pathogens and harmful substances entering the brain via the blood. Most lipid-solvable substances can pass the BBB.

33
Q

Where do arteries supplying the brain arise from?

A

The circle of Willis at base of brain

34
Q

Name two arteries that supply the brain?

A

The right carotid and vertebral arteries

Nervous System (4 decks)

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