Brain Flashcards
Correct statements about the primary motor cortex include:
It is located in the precentral gyrus
It gives rise to corticospinal fibers
It receives input from the posterior ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus
It is located in the anterior part of the paracentral lobule
It gives rise to corticospinal axons
It is somatotopically organized
It corresponds to the area 4 according Brodmann
its stimulation results in contralateral movements of voluntary muscles
it send the fibers to all nuclei in the brainstem
it contains the Betz cells in layer 5(v)
Correct statements about the locus ceruleus include:
It play role in the control of cortical activation
it contains the largest concentration of noradrenergic neurons in CNS
it is located in pons
it projects to all parts of the central nervous system
it receives input from spinal cord
the following statements concerning the cerebrospinal fluid is correct:
It is produced by choroid plexuses
It passes through the ventricular system
It enters the subarachnoid space through the foramina of Magendie
About 330-380 ml of cerebrospinal fluid enters the venous drainage per day
arachnoid villi allow cerebrospinal fluid to pass between spacessubarachnoid space and superior sagittal sinus
Correct statements about the septum pellucidum include:
Septum pellucidum is triangular in shape
It may contain a slit-like cavity which does not communicates with the ventricle
Anterior horns of the lateral ventricle are separated by septum pellucidum
it extend from the fornix to the corpus callosum
Correct statements about the area postrema include:
It plays role in food intake
It is surrounded by fenestrate capillaries
it lies in the caudal part of rhomboid fossa
It triggers vomiting in response to circulating emetic substances
It lies between the vagal triangle and the margin of the fossa
Correct statements about the claustrum include:
It is supposed that it is one of the subthalamic nuclei
It receives fibres from the visual,somatosensory,auditory cortex
function is unknown
Correct statements about the parahipocampal formation include
Subiculum is essential area for the flow of information into the hippocampal formation
. The major input to the hippocampal formation is from hypothalamus
The fibers of postcommissural septum terminate in the medial mammillary nucleus vagy
the following statements concerning the corticopontine system is correct:
It arises from the nonmotor regions of the frontal lobes
It is an important route of communications between the cerebral cortex and cerebellum
It arises from the occipital and temporal association cortices
the following statements concerning the dorsal spinocerebellar tract is correct:
Second order-neurons give rise the axons that terminate ipsillaterally in vermis
it is involved in coordination of posture and mocement of individual muscles of lower extremity
It transmits unconscious proprioceptive information from cutaneous mechanoreceptors to the cerebellum
the following statements concerning the ventral spinocerebellar tract are correct:
it is concerned with coordination movement and posture of entire lower extermity
second-order neurons are spinal border cells
it transmits the unconscious proprioceptive information to the cerebellum
first order neurons provide afferent limb for muscle stretch reflexes
It transmits unconscious proprioceptive information to the cerebellum
Correct statements about the spinal cord include:
Its gray matter is divided into three cell columns on each side
Substantia gelatinosa is found at all levels
It lies within the subarachnoid space
vagus nerve leave the medulla through ventromedial groove
Correct statements about the fornix include:
it has five parts
it projects from the hippocampal formation to the septal area
it is the largest projection to the hypothalamus
it projects from the hippocampal formation to the anterior nucleus of thalamus
the following statements concerning the corticobulbar system
is correct;
Projection to nucleus ambiguus motor neurons are generally bilateral
It originates from the most part of the face and head precentral gyrus
The motor neurons that innervate the genioglossus muscle receive primarly contralateral input
Corticobulbar fibers in crura cerebri are located medial to the corticospinal fibers
They pass through the genu of the internal capsule
the following statements concerning the medial longitudinal fasciculus are correct :
.It is very complex system of fibres
It reaches all the levels of the spinal cord
It interconnects the oculomotor, accessory oculomotor, trochlear,abducent, spinal accessory, vestibular and reticularnuclei
The following statements concerning the subarachnoid space are true:
It is space between the arachnoid and pia matter
It contains the largest veins
Wherever the brain and the cranium are not closely applied to each other, the arachnoid is separated by the wide interval to form subarachnoid cisterns
the following statements concerning the falx cerebri is correct:
The straight sinus run along the attachment to the tentorium cerebelli
It is strong sheath of dura mater
descend vertically in the longitudinal (sagittal) fissure between the cerebral meninges
lower edge is free and contain inferior sagittal sinus
tentorion cerebelly seprate occipital pole from cerebellum
The neostriatum consists of all of the following parts:
Nucleus accumbens
Putamen
Caudate nucleus
the following statements concerning the medulla oblongata are correct :
The hypoglossal rootlets leave the medulla via the ventrolateral groove
Pyramid consists of the corticospinal fibers
Dorsal (posterior) median sulcus presents only in the closed part
The rootlets of the vagus nerve leave the medulla via the dorsolateral groove
the following statements concerning the dorsal column-medial lemniscus system is correct:
It mediates tactile discrimnation - vibration-form recognition-
joint and muscle sensation
its involved n preception and the appreciation of the mechanical stimuli
the following statements concerning the intermediolateral group is correct:
It contains a visceromotor nucleus
the following statements concerning the fourth ventricle is correct:
Lateral boundaries of the ventricle are formed by gracile and cuneate tubercles
Choroid plexus projects laterally into the lateral recesses
The choroid plexus is located in the midline
Choroid plexus projects into the subarachnoid space
Correct statements about the lateral ventricle include:
it is irregular cavity situated in the cerebral hemisphere
it communicates with the third ventricle through the interventricular foramen
It is the central cavity of the telencephalon
The inferior horn extends into the temporal lobe
The bodies of the lateral ventricle are separated by the septum pelucidum
The following statements concerning the third ventricle is correct:
The posterior boundary of the fourth ventricle forms the pineal gland
It is the central cavity of the diencephalon .
Above the roof of the third ventricle is the fornix
**Anteriorly the floor of the third ventricle is lower
The pineal gland forms the posterior boundary of the third ventricle**
it is connected to forth ventricle by cerebral aqueduct
the following statements concerning the posterosuperior group of venous sinuses is correct:
Sigmoid sinus is continuation of the transverse Sinus
Occipital sinus is the smalest sinus of this group
straight sinus lies in the attachment of falx cerebri to the tentorium cerebelli
inferior saggital sinus opens into straight sinus and is smaller than superior sagittal sinus
the following statements concerning the cranial dural venous sinuses is correct:
They drain cranial bones
the following statements concerning the spinal border cells is correct;
it extend from L2 to S3
. It gives origin to the ventral spinocerebellar tract
the following statements concerning the laminae I-IV is correct:
They are main receiving area for the cutaneous exteroreceptive afferents
Correct statements about the lateral geniculate body include:
It receives retinal input
It projects to the area 17
it belongs to metathalamus
the following statements concerning the amygdaloid complex is correct:
It belongs to the limbic system
It lies anterior to the hippocampus
It evaluates the significance of enviromental events
Corticomedial grpoup receives olfactory input
The following statements concerning the cavernous sinus is **true:
It drains to the internal jugular vein via the inferior petrosal sinus**
**Correct statements about the prefrontal cortex:
It is important for spatial processing of afferent information**
Correct statements about the dorsal trigeminothalamic tract include:
Second order neurons are located in the principal sensory nucleus of the CNV
First-order neurons are located in trigeminal ganglion
Third-order neurons are located in the ventral posteromedial nucleus
it subserve descrimitve tactile and presure sensation from face and oral cavity
the following statements concerning the ventral trigeminal(or vental trigerminothalamic) tract is correct:
it serves a pain, temperature and light touch from face and oral cavity
the second order neurons are located in the spinal trigeminal nucleus
the third order neurons project to the face area of the postcentral gyrus
the third order neurons are located in the ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus
Correct statements about the lateral corticospinal tract include:
. it is concerned with voluntary skilled motor activity
it arises from lamina IV of the cerebral cortex
the following statements concerning the ventral spinothalamic tract is correct
the first-order neurons are located in dorsal root ganglia at all level
the second-order neurons are located in dorsal horn
it is concerned light touch
the third order neurons are located in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus
the following statements concerning the ventral spinothalamic tract is correct;
the first-order neurons are located in dorsal root ganglia at all level
the second-order neurons are located in dorsal horn
it is concerned light touch
the third order neurons are located in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus
correct statment about lateral spinothalamic track
:it mediate pain and temperature sensation
inyterthalamic adhesion connect right and left thalamus
ventral postrolateral nucleus contain 3 order neurons of the trigerminothalamic pathway
it relays sensory signals to cerebral cortex
it recieve direct input of retina
it belogs to medial hypothalamic nucleus
it mediate circadian rhythms
it influences other hypothalamic structure
its connected with area 22(werinick speech area)
its located in area 44 45
audiovisual areas(22 39 40) are connected with it
its located in the posterior part of tge inferior frontal gyrus in dominant hemisphere(not in both of them)
inferior sagital sinus opes to straight sinus
occipital sinus is the smalest one
sigmoidal sinus is the continuation of transverse sinus
mesencephalic nucleus:
it recieve input of muscle spindle and pressure jont receptor
it recieve input of temporomandibular joint-hard palate-teeth-massication muscles-extraocular muscle
it project to trigerminal motor nucleus
it subserve general sensory propriocetions from head
gustatory cortex is found in;
Area 43
parabrachial nucleus of pons projects taste input to the hypothalams
Substantia innominata is affected in;
Alzheimer disease
correct statement about reticular formation:
it contril state of consciousness
it involve in somatosensory control
it control spatiotemporal discrimination
it recieve information from the main parts of the CNS
it consist of poorly defined groups of neurons
it recieve information from spinal cord
it sends informations to autonomic and controlcenter
correct statement about rhomboid fossa:
sulcus limitant is best seen in upper part of rhomboid fossa
correct statement about septal area:
it is thelencephalic structure
correct statement abot frontal eye field:
it project to the pontine gaze center
it is located in the posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus
its important in the control of eye movment
it recieve fibers from thalamus
pupullary light reflex :
is a four neuron arc
and comprise and afferent limb CN II
and an efferent CN III
frontal lobe:
it contain broca speech area
it contan supp;ementary motor cortex
it interrelates somatosensory auditory and visual input
