BRAIN Flashcards
Which of the following areas serves as a link between the nervous system and endocrine systems?
a. Cerebellum
b. Cerebrum
c. Pons
d. Medulla Oblongata
e. Hypothalamus
Describe the mechanisms by which this region serves as a link between these two systems.
e. Hypothalamus
Tracts (ascending, descending) = Communication between the two systems
Also releases hormones; directly linked to pituitary
The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the
a. Longitudinal fissure
b. Central sulcus
c. Lateral sulcus
d. Longitudinal sulcus
e. Parieto-Occipital sulcus
a. Longitudinal fissure
The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the
a. Parietal lobe
b. Frontal lobe
c. Temporal lobe
d. Occipital lobe
e. Insula
a. Parietal lobe
The white matter (axons) of the cerebrum that are shorter and connect gyri within the same hemisphere
a. Arcuate fibers
b. Longitudinal fibers
c. Commissural fibers
d. Projection fibers
e. Insula
a. Arcuate fibers
The folds of the cerebral hemispheres designed to increase surface area of the cerebral cortex are known as _____
Gyri
The primary sensory cortex is located in the region of the
a. Precentral gyrus
b. Postcentral gyrus
c. Acruate gyrus
d. Corpus collosum
e. Parieto-occipital lobe
b. Postcentral gyrus
- In which region of the CNS would you expect to find the Corpora Quadrigemina?
- List all components of the corpora quadrigemina and describe functions of each
- Midbrain/mesencephalon
- Superior Colliculi: Visual information
Inferior colliculi: Auditory information
The integration center of the cerebral center that coordinates sensory information from multiple regions in order to predict where things will be in time and space that allows us to analyze and predict future events and control moral thoughts and standards is called:
a. Speech centers
b. Association centers
c. White matter nuclei
d. Pre-Frontal cortex
d. Pre-frontal cortex
The regions of the cortex that interpret incoming data or coordinate a motor response are known as
a. Sensory cortex
b. Motor cortex
c. Association Areas
d. Gustatory Cortex
c. Association areas
Which of the following is a function of the pineal gland in the thalamus?
a. Secretes melatonin
b. Stores memories
c. Process sensory information and relay it to other locations in the CNS
d. Regulate the function of the pituitary gland
a. Secretes melatonin
Describe the neural components of that compose the following structures:
Ventral Root
Dorsal Root
Dorsal Root Ganglia
Ventral root: Receives and interprets motor response (motor neuron axons)
Dorsal root: Receives and interprets sensory response to brain (axons)
Dorsal root ganglia: Bundles of cell bodies
The corpus collosum is a large section of white matter that is composed of
a. Arcuate fibers
b. Association fibers
c. Longitudinal fasciculi
d. Commissural fibers
d. Commissural fibers
The two hormones directly secreted by the hypothalamus are ________ and ________.
ADH and Oxytocin
________ is the meningeal layer that directly covers the spinal cord
Pia mater
_________ is the middle meningeal layer that surrounds the spinal cord
Arachnoid mater
Dural folds of the dura mater separate different regions of the brain. The dual fold that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum is called the __________
Tentorium
The space between arachnoid mater and the pia mater is known as the subarachnoid space. It is filled with a circulating fluid known as ____________
CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid)
The region of the brain that controls learned and reflexive muscle movements at the subconscious level is the
a. Frontal lobe
b. Pons
c. Cerebellum
d. Medulla Oblongata
e. Midbrain
c. Cerebellum
Alcohol consumption can affect the cerebellum and produce a disturbance in muscle coordination known as:
a. Peduncles
b. Aphasia
c. Parkinson’s
d. Ataxia
d. Ataxia
Purkinje Cells
Found in neural Cortex of gray matter in cerebellum
Extensive dendrites that receive signals 200k times stronger than any other
without them = lower ability to perform motor functions
- CNS region where pneomotaxic center is found
- Normal function
- If damaged?
- Respiratory nuclei in pons
- Respiratory nuclei in pons to help regulate breathing in the body.
- Inability to exhale smoothly, increased heart rate
Jason experiences head trauma that has resulted in his inability regulate his heart rate. Most likely, you would assume he has damaged neural tissue located in the:
a. Pons
b. Medulla Oblongata
c. Epithalamus
d. Hypothalamus
e. Cerebellum
b. Medulla Oblongata
Which of the following would you most likely find within the epidural space of the spine?
a. Cerebrospinal fluid
b. Blood
c. Adipose tissue
d. An open air-filled cavity
e. None of the above
c. Adipose tissue
The neurons in the substancia nigra release:
a. Acetylcholine
b. Serotonin
c. Dopamine
d. GATA
c. Dopamine
Increased function of the substance nigra would most likely result in muscle tremors.
a. true
b. false
why?
b. False
Increased function of SN you will have increased motor movement
The region of the brain that acts similarly to a computer server to ensure that action potentials reach the correct destination in the brain is the:
a. Medulla oblongata
b. Cerebellum
c. Cerebrum
d. Thalamus
e. Red Nucleus
d. Thalamus
The region of the brain responsible for subconscious control of skeletal muscle in response to emotions such as rage or pleasure is the
a. Frontal Cortex
b. Hypothalamus
c. Pineal gland
b. Hypothalamus
List and describe two key physical characteristics of Parkinsons Disease that results from neuronal death in the substantia nigra
Tremor: Uncontrollable muscle spasms
Rigidity: Rigid muscles often resulting in pain and extreme discomfort
The term “nucleus” in the CNS refers to:
Neuronal cell bodies
