brain Flashcards
Cerebral hemispheres from what?
Prosencephalon and it divides into the telencephalon and diencephalon
Mid brain from?
Mesencephalon
Cerebellum and pons from?
Metencephalon
Separating hemishperes
saggital/greater longitudinal
Mass of white matter connecting the two hemispheres?
Corpus callosum (mass of axons)
Olfactory nerve is a series of threads coming from where?
Olfactory bulbs
where do the olfactory tracts run through?
Cribiform plate
Olfactory tracts are extensions of what?
CNS (not classical)
optic is an extension of what?
CNS (not classical)
where does crossing over of visual info happen?>
At the optic chiasma
Diencephalon is below what on ventral service?
Optic chiasma
What are the prominent features of the diencephalon?
Mammilary bodies
Hole in the diencephalon was for what?
used to be pituatary stalk, radiated away from the hypothalamus.
What is either side of the mammilary bodies?
Cerebral peduncles
Info highway!
Inbetween the cerebral peduncles is?
Interpeduncular fossa
Why is the intepeduncular fossa imp[ortant?
Third cranial nerve runs through it, originates from the ponto midbrain junction.
Middle cerebellar peduncle connects what?
Pons to the cerebellum
superior cerebellar peduncle connects?
Cerebellum to midbrain
Inferior cerebellar peduncle connects what?
Cerebellum to Medulla
Where do the meninges extend into?
Spinal cord and provide similar coverings! (through foramen magnum)
Importance of dural sinus?
Inner-meningeal layer comes away from periosteal, important fort returning venous blood.
The confluence of sinuses is which two sinuses converging?
Straight and superior saggital
Flax cerebri gives rise to what?
`Superior sagittal sinus
Straight sinus is running where?
Tentorium cerbebelli
Straight sinus opens into what?
Transverse sinus
Transverse sinus travel how to form what and where?
Laterally, to become sigmoid sinuses and then into the internal jugular.
Running along the tentorium cerebelli is what sinus?
Transverse
What do arachnoid granulations do?
Recycle the csf into the venous system
internal carotid goes through carotid sinus and arrives at vault of skull to give rise to?
middle cerebral artery helps to form circle of willis
Vertebral arteries come from where?
Subclavian
The vertebral arteries enter the brain through what on the ** aspect of what?
through foramen magnum on ventral aspect of the medulla!
The union of the two sides of the vertebral arteries is what?
Basillar Artery
First pair of cerebellar arteries?
Posterior inferior
Second pair of cerebellar arteries and where formed?
As soon as basillar formed, give rise to the anterior inferior
Basillar artery gives off what small arteries
pontine and labrythine
Third pair/final pair or cerebellar arteries?
Just before the basillar bifurcates, these are the superior cerebellar arteries
After the basillar artery bifurcates the first pair is what?
posterior cerebral artery
The internal carotid quickly becomes which artery ?
Middle cerebral
Whewre do the middle cerebral arteries run?
Under the temporal pole of the temporal lobe
Connecting middle cerebral and posterior cerebral is what?
Posterior communicating arteries
From the middle cerebral artery comes the …
Anterior cerebral arteries
Where do the anterior cerebral arteries travel?
posteriorly over the corpus callosum
connection between the two anterior arteries is?
Anterior communicating
posterior cerebral arteries supply what parts?
Majority of underside of temporal and occipital
middle cerebral artery supplies?
Supplying the lateral surface
Anterior cerebral artery supplies what?
Medial surface or cerebral hemisphere (1cm lateral)
What is the floor of the fourth ventricvle made up of?
Medulla and pons
Roof of fourth ventricle made of?
Cerebellum
The medulla completely surrounds what?
Central canal
The point at which the closed medulla opens into the fourth ventricle is what?
obex
The diamond shaped space on the floor of the fourth ventricle is?
Rhomboid fossa
Fourth ventricle tapers off and becomes what?
Cerebral aqueduct!
Most prominent features of the dorsal aspect of midbrain?
Superior and inferior calliculi
Fourth cranial nerve comes from where?
Inferior to inferior calliculi trochlear nerve
Cuneate and gracile do what?
Take sensory fibres up from the spinal cord and into the medulla Important in proprioception
Cuneate and gracile, run where?
Lateral and medial
Superior cerebellar peduncle takes info from?
From mid-brain to cerebellum
Middle cerebellar peduncle takes info from?
From Pons to cerebellum
Inferior Cerebellar peduncle takes info from?
From medulla to cerebellum
Gracile and cuneate tubercles house what?
Cell bodies of the axons
As fibres ascend through medulla where do the gracile and cuneate tubercles form?
Junction between closed and open medulla!
Main feature of ventral brainstem rostrally (midbrain) are?
Mammillary bodies
What do cerebral peduncles do?
Carry motor information from cerebral cortex through brainstem.
Inbetween cerebral peduncles is?
Interpeduncular fossa
Which cranial nerves leave through the interpeduncular fossa?
Occulomotor
Which cranial nerve comes from the lateral aspect of the pons
Trigeminal
The two protrusions from the medulla laterally are?
The olives
Descending motor info is taken through whaty?
The medulla pyramids
Why is the cerebellar pontine angle important?
CN VII VIII IX emerge
a rostral continuation of the fourth ventricle is what?
Cerebral aqueduct!
What does the substancia nigra contain?
Dopaminergic fibres
Middle of the cerebellum is know as?
Vermis
Two features described as seperate lobes of cerebellum?
Flocculus
Flocculus is found where?
below middle cerebellar peduncle on ventral view.
Which two Cn do not leave from the brainstem?
Olfactory and Optic
SO4 stands for what
Superior oblique extra occular CN4
LR6 Stands for
Lateral rectus CN6 abducens
superior rectus, inferior rectus and medial rectus and inferior oblique supplied by?
Occulomotor nerve
Which cranial nerves emerge lateral to the olive?
CNX and XI
Hypoglossal nerve will come off where?
Junction between olive and pyramid!
How many gyri is the frontal lobe seperated into?
Three
Why is the superior temporal gyrus important?
Primary auditory cortex
uncus is a continuation of what?
parahippocampal gyrusćingulate
The uncus is associated with what?
olfactory cortex
Which sulcus separates the occipital lobe into the upper and lower parts?
Calcarine
Either side of the calcarine sulcus is what?
Striate cortex
Striate cortex is the primary what?
Visual cortex
Where is the limbic lobe? What shape?
Follows the corpus callosum and is C shaped
Why is the uncus different to the rest of the brain?
It receives info directly and does not go through the thalamus (via olfactory tracts
How is the pineal gland important in MRI scans of older people?
Can indicate tumours or hemorrhage because it calcifies in older age and is usually midline so deviates.
SBGR stands for what posterior to anterion in the corpus callosum
Splenium, Body, Genu and fornix
what separates the medial border of the lateral ventricle
Septum pellucidum
inferior to the septum pellucidum is what?
The fornix
Nerves from the mammilary body coming from the hippocampus and then to the fornix extend where?
Cingulate gyrus
Lateral apertures and median apertures of fourth ventricle allow what?
CSF to escape into subarachnoid space
Roof and floor of the 4th ventricle?
Floor is the rhomboid fossa and roof, superior cerebellar peduncles
The cilliary ganglion is associated with which organ?
Sphincter puppilae (constrict)
Pterygopalatine ganglion is associated with which organ?
Lacrimal Gland
Submandibular ganglion is associated with?
Submand gland and sub ling
Otic ganglion is associated with?
Parotid gland
Cilliary ganglion is supplied by which CN and by which part of the trigeminal?
CNIII and opthalmic part of the trigeminal
Facial nerve CNVII gives fibres to where?
Pterygopalatine ganglion and the submandibular
Which division of the trigeminal nerve is carrying signal;s from the facial nerve to lacrimal?
Maxillary
Facial nerve supplies the submandibular ganglion, but uses a different part of the trigeminal pathway, which?
The mandibular division
The otic ganglion is supplied firstly by which CN?
IX glosspharyngeal
The otic gland supplies the parotid via which division of the trigeminal?
Mandibular
All of the autonomic nerves act via what mechanism?
Parasympathetic
Is the Diencephalon part of the brainstem?
No
Which of the colliculus is found on the dorsal midbrain?
Inferior
Does the superior middle or inferior colliculs play a role in the visual system?
Superior
What sites on the roof of the 4th ventricle?
Superior cerebellar peduncles
