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brain Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Cerebral hemispheres from what?

A

Prosencephalon and it divides into the telencephalon and diencephalon

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2
Q

Mid brain from?

A

Mesencephalon

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3
Q

Cerebellum and pons from?

A

Metencephalon

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4
Q

Separating hemishperes

A

saggital/greater longitudinal

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5
Q

Mass of white matter connecting the two hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum (mass of axons)

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6
Q

Olfactory nerve is a series of threads coming from where?

A

Olfactory bulbs

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7
Q

where do the olfactory tracts run through?

A

Cribiform plate

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8
Q

Olfactory tracts are extensions of what?

A

CNS (not classical)

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9
Q

optic is an extension of what?

A

CNS (not classical)

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10
Q

where does crossing over of visual info happen?>

A

At the optic chiasma

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11
Q

Diencephalon is below what on ventral service?

A

Optic chiasma

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12
Q

What are the prominent features of the diencephalon?

A

Mammilary bodies

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13
Q

Hole in the diencephalon was for what?

A

used to be pituatary stalk, radiated away from the hypothalamus.

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14
Q

What is either side of the mammilary bodies?

A

Cerebral peduncles

Info highway!

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15
Q

Inbetween the cerebral peduncles is?

A

Interpeduncular fossa

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16
Q

Why is the intepeduncular fossa imp[ortant?

A

Third cranial nerve runs through it, originates from the ponto midbrain junction.

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17
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncle connects what?

A

Pons to the cerebellum

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18
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle connects?

A

Cerebellum to midbrain

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19
Q

Inferior cerebellar peduncle connects what?

A

Cerebellum to Medulla

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20
Q

Where do the meninges extend into?

A

Spinal cord and provide similar coverings! (through foramen magnum)

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21
Q

Importance of dural sinus?

A

Inner-meningeal layer comes away from periosteal, important fort returning venous blood.

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22
Q

The confluence of sinuses is which two sinuses converging?

A

Straight and superior saggital

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23
Q

Flax cerebri gives rise to what?

A

`Superior sagittal sinus

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24
Q

Straight sinus is running where?

A

Tentorium cerbebelli

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25
Q

Straight sinus opens into what?

A

Transverse sinus

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26
Q

Transverse sinus travel how to form what and where?

A

Laterally, to become sigmoid sinuses and then into the internal jugular.

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27
Q

Running along the tentorium cerebelli is what sinus?

A

Transverse

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28
Q

What do arachnoid granulations do?

A

Recycle the csf into the venous system

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29
Q

internal carotid goes through carotid sinus and arrives at vault of skull to give rise to?

A

middle cerebral artery helps to form circle of willis

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30
Q

Vertebral arteries come from where?

A

Subclavian

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31
Q

The vertebral arteries enter the brain through what on the ** aspect of what?

A

through foramen magnum on ventral aspect of the medulla!

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32
Q

The union of the two sides of the vertebral arteries is what?

A

Basillar Artery

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33
Q

First pair of cerebellar arteries?

A

Posterior inferior

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34
Q

Second pair of cerebellar arteries and where formed?

A

As soon as basillar formed, give rise to the anterior inferior

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35
Q

Basillar artery gives off what small arteries

A

pontine and labrythine

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36
Q

Third pair/final pair or cerebellar arteries?

A

Just before the basillar bifurcates, these are the superior cerebellar arteries

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37
Q

After the basillar artery bifurcates the first pair is what?

A

posterior cerebral artery

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38
Q

The internal carotid quickly becomes which artery ?

A

Middle cerebral

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39
Q

Whewre do the middle cerebral arteries run?

A

Under the temporal pole of the temporal lobe

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40
Q

Connecting middle cerebral and posterior cerebral is what?

A

Posterior communicating arteries

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41
Q

From the middle cerebral artery comes the …

A

Anterior cerebral arteries

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42
Q

Where do the anterior cerebral arteries travel?

A

posteriorly over the corpus callosum

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43
Q

connection between the two anterior arteries is?

A

Anterior communicating

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44
Q

posterior cerebral arteries supply what parts?

A

Majority of underside of temporal and occipital

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45
Q

middle cerebral artery supplies?

A

Supplying the lateral surface

46
Q

Anterior cerebral artery supplies what?

A

Medial surface or cerebral hemisphere (1cm lateral)

47
Q

What is the floor of the fourth ventricvle made up of?

A

Medulla and pons

48
Q

Roof of fourth ventricle made of?

A

Cerebellum

49
Q

The medulla completely surrounds what?

A

Central canal

50
Q

The point at which the closed medulla opens into the fourth ventricle is what?

A

obex

51
Q

The diamond shaped space on the floor of the fourth ventricle is?

A

Rhomboid fossa

52
Q

Fourth ventricle tapers off and becomes what?

A

Cerebral aqueduct!

53
Q

Most prominent features of the dorsal aspect of midbrain?

A

Superior and inferior calliculi

54
Q

Fourth cranial nerve comes from where?

A

Inferior to inferior calliculi trochlear nerve

55
Q

Cuneate and gracile do what?

A

Take sensory fibres up from the spinal cord and into the medulla Important in proprioception

56
Q

Cuneate and gracile, run where?

A

Lateral and medial

57
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle takes info from?

A

From mid-brain to cerebellum

58
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncle takes info from?

A

From Pons to cerebellum

59
Q

Inferior Cerebellar peduncle takes info from?

A

From medulla to cerebellum

60
Q

Gracile and cuneate tubercles house what?

A

Cell bodies of the axons

61
Q

As fibres ascend through medulla where do the gracile and cuneate tubercles form?

A

Junction between closed and open medulla!

62
Q

Main feature of ventral brainstem rostrally (midbrain) are?

A

Mammillary bodies

63
Q

What do cerebral peduncles do?

A

Carry motor information from cerebral cortex through brainstem.

64
Q

Inbetween cerebral peduncles is?

A

Interpeduncular fossa

65
Q

Which cranial nerves leave through the interpeduncular fossa?

A

Occulomotor

66
Q

Which cranial nerve comes from the lateral aspect of the pons

A

Trigeminal

67
Q

The two protrusions from the medulla laterally are?

A

The olives

68
Q

Descending motor info is taken through whaty?

A

The medulla pyramids

69
Q

Why is the cerebellar pontine angle important?

A

CN VII VIII IX emerge

70
Q

a rostral continuation of the fourth ventricle is what?

A

Cerebral aqueduct!

71
Q

What does the substancia nigra contain?

A

Dopaminergic fibres

72
Q

Middle of the cerebellum is know as?

A

Vermis

73
Q

Two features described as seperate lobes of cerebellum?

A

Flocculus

74
Q

Flocculus is found where?

A

below middle cerebellar peduncle on ventral view.

75
Q

Which two Cn do not leave from the brainstem?

A

Olfactory and Optic

76
Q

SO4 stands for what

A

Superior oblique extra occular CN4

77
Q

LR6 Stands for

A

Lateral rectus CN6 abducens

78
Q

superior rectus, inferior rectus and medial rectus and inferior oblique supplied by?

A

Occulomotor nerve

79
Q

Which cranial nerves emerge lateral to the olive?

A

CNX and XI

80
Q

Hypoglossal nerve will come off where?

A

Junction between olive and pyramid!

81
Q

How many gyri is the frontal lobe seperated into?

A

Three

82
Q

Why is the superior temporal gyrus important?

A

Primary auditory cortex

83
Q

uncus is a continuation of what?

A

parahippocampal gyrusćingulate

84
Q

The uncus is associated with what?

A

olfactory cortex

85
Q

Which sulcus separates the occipital lobe into the upper and lower parts?

A

Calcarine

86
Q

Either side of the calcarine sulcus is what?

A

Striate cortex

87
Q

Striate cortex is the primary what?

A

Visual cortex

88
Q

Where is the limbic lobe? What shape?

A

Follows the corpus callosum and is C shaped

89
Q

Why is the uncus different to the rest of the brain?

A

It receives info directly and does not go through the thalamus (via olfactory tracts

90
Q

How is the pineal gland important in MRI scans of older people?

A

Can indicate tumours or hemorrhage because it calcifies in older age and is usually midline so deviates.

91
Q

SBGR stands for what posterior to anterion in the corpus callosum

A

Splenium, Body, Genu and fornix

92
Q

what separates the medial border of the lateral ventricle

A

Septum pellucidum

93
Q

inferior to the septum pellucidum is what?

A

The fornix

94
Q

Nerves from the mammilary body coming from the hippocampus and then to the fornix extend where?

A

Cingulate gyrus

95
Q

Lateral apertures and median apertures of fourth ventricle allow what?

A

CSF to escape into subarachnoid space

96
Q

Roof and floor of the 4th ventricle?

A

Floor is the rhomboid fossa and roof, superior cerebellar peduncles

97
Q

The cilliary ganglion is associated with which organ?

A

Sphincter puppilae (constrict)

98
Q

Pterygopalatine ganglion is associated with which organ?

A

Lacrimal Gland

99
Q

Submandibular ganglion is associated with?

A

Submand gland and sub ling

100
Q

Otic ganglion is associated with?

A

Parotid gland

101
Q

Cilliary ganglion is supplied by which CN and by which part of the trigeminal?

A

CNIII and opthalmic part of the trigeminal

102
Q

Facial nerve CNVII gives fibres to where?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion and the submandibular

103
Q

Which division of the trigeminal nerve is carrying signal;s from the facial nerve to lacrimal?

A

Maxillary

104
Q

Facial nerve supplies the submandibular ganglion, but uses a different part of the trigeminal pathway, which?

A

The mandibular division

105
Q

The otic ganglion is supplied firstly by which CN?

A

IX glosspharyngeal

106
Q

The otic gland supplies the parotid via which division of the trigeminal?

A

Mandibular

107
Q

All of the autonomic nerves act via what mechanism?

A

Parasympathetic

108
Q

Is the Diencephalon part of the brainstem?

A

No

109
Q

Which of the colliculus is found on the dorsal midbrain?

A

Inferior

110
Q

Does the superior middle or inferior colliculs play a role in the visual system?

A

Superior

111
Q

What sites on the roof of the 4th ventricle?

A

Superior cerebellar peduncles

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