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My Bcia > Brain > Flashcards

Brain Flashcards

0
Q

What part of the limbic system is associated with memory storage of emotions?

A

Hippocampus

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1
Q

What part of the limbic system is associated with deep emotions and fear?

A

Amygdala

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2
Q

What part of the limbic system is associated with sensory data processing?

A

Anterior thalamic nuclei

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3
Q

What part of the brain is the control center for the ANS and survival function?

A

Hypothalamus

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4
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for motor movements, coordination and balance?

A

Cerebellum

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5
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for regulation of the cycle of sleep and wakefulness?

A

Reticular activating system (RAS)

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6
Q

What part does the pituitary receive info from?

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

What is the order of activation during fight flight response?

A

Thalamus, amydala to hippocampus to hypothalamus, hypothalmus-pituitary axis.

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8
Q

What part of the brain receives sensory information?

A

Anterior parietal lobe

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9
Q

What part of the brain processes motor neuron info

A

Posterior frontal lobes

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10
Q

What are association neurons

A

Make connection between sensory and motor neurons

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11
Q

What is the chain of events of action potentials (nerve impulses ) called ?

A

Depolarization

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12
Q

What two terms define the process of making a brainwave

A

EPSP (excitatory post synaptic potential) IPSP (inhibitory post synaptic potential)

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13
Q

Are brainwaves a direct measurement of action potentials?

A

No they are the byproduct of EPSP’s and IPSP’s.

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14
Q

How does Prozac,Paxil and Zoloft work?

A

By plugging the channels to allow serotonin to stay in the synapse

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15
Q

What supplements should not be taken with SSRI’s

A

St. John’s wart or 5-HTP

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16
Q

What does rCBF stand for

A

Regional cerebral blood flow

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17
Q

What area of the brain may have decreases activity in someone with depression?

A

Left frontal cortex

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18
Q

Which hemisphere is often the dominant hemisphere?

A

Left hemisphere

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19
Q

What part of the brain may have an increase in activist ion in someone with anxiety

A

Rt anterior prefrontal cortex and right parietal lobe

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20
Q

What side does language reside on?

A

Left hemisphere

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21
Q

TBI on right may cause what symptoms?

A

Personality changes, visiospatial organization issues, temper,impulsivity and poor organization.

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22
Q

TBI On the left may cause what symptoms?

A

Language problems, lack of spontaneous speech, difficulty retrieving words, aphasia,par aphasia, agraphia, alexia, and or problems with with logic, math and judgement.

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23
Q

With regards to the 10/20 system what side are odd numbers in?

A

Left

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24
Q

10/20 system what does F sat and for?

A

Frontal lobes

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25
Q

In 10/20 system what does Fp stand for?

A

Frontal poles

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26
Q

In 10/20 system what does T stand for?

A

temporal lobes

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27
Q

In 10/20 system that does O stand for

A

Occipital lobe

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28
Q

In 10/20 system what does p stand for

A

Parietal lobes

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29
Q

In 10/20 system what does c stand for?

A

Central and sensorimotor cortex

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30
Q

In 10/20 system what does z stand for?

A

The centerline that separated left and right hemispheres.

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31
Q

What does vertex stand for In the 10/20 system?

A

Central position (cz) (PZ and fz)

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32
Q

In 10/20 system what does dorsal stand for?

A

Towards the top of the head.

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33
Q

In 10/20 system what does ventral stand for?

A

Toward the bottom of the head.

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34
Q

What is a fissure?

A

Long deep groove in the cerebral cortex

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35
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

The wall or elevated ridge on each side of a deep groove.

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36
Q

What is the gyrus called that separates the rt and left hemisphere?

A

Cingulate gyrus

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37
Q

What gyrus is considered the cortical part of the limbic system?

A

Cingulate gyrus

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38
Q

What are shorter grooves called?

A

Sulcus

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39
Q

What are the grooves called on the prefrontal lobes?

A

Orbital gyrus

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40
Q

What gyrus separates the temporal and parietal lobe?

A

Angular gyrus

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41
Q

What creates the dividing line between the sensorimotor cortex (c) and motor cortex thst extends from the left later sulcus to the right lateral sulcus?

A

The central fissure

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42
Q

What forms the superior boundary of the temporal lobes?

A

Lateral sulcus

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43
Q

fpz

A

Anterior ventral medial (prefrontal cortex)

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44
Q

Fz

A

Anterior dorsal medial (prefrontal cortex)

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45
Q

Cz

A

Central dorsal medial ( somatosensory/ motor cortex)

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46
Q

PZ

A

Posterior dorsal medial (parietal lobe)

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47
Q

Oz

A

Posterior ventral medial ( occipital lobe)

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48
Q

Fp1

A

Anterior ventral left (orbital gyrus)

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49
Q

Fp2

A

Anterior ventral lateral right (orbital gyrus)

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50
Q

F3

A

Anterior dorsal lateral left

51
Q

F4

A

Anterior dorsal right lateral

52
Q

F7

A

Anterior lateral left

53
Q

F8

A

Anterior lateral right

54
Q

Broca’s area

A

F7/t3

55
Q

Wernickes area

A

Posterior superior temporal lobe on the left

56
Q

Auditory cortices

A

LH: C3/T3; RH: C4/T4

57
Q

Parietal-occipital

A

P3/o1 and p4/o2

58
Q

Temporo-parieto-occipito

A

T5/p3/O1 and T4/P4/O1

59
Q

What divides the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

Sensorimotor cortex c3-cz-c4

60
Q

What lobe is the sensorimotor cortex in?

A

Parietal

61
Q

What lobe is the motor cortex in?

A

Frontal

62
Q

Where is the pre motor cortex in relation to the primary motor cortex?

A

Anterior

63
Q

What ate the key functions of the frontal lobe?

A

Attention, memory, social awareness,character,motivation planning,prefrontal lobes have connections leadin to amydala (fear).
EXECUTIVE FUNCTION

64
Q

In ODD where may it show up on EEG?

A

Slowing in the prefrontal cortex fp1/fp2

65
Q

If someone has a lot of fear and anxiety where might a sensor be placed?

A

Right prefrontal cortex to creates calm

66
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Math, naming objects, complex grammar, spatial awareness

67
Q

What has the parietal lobe been labeled?

A

Association cortex

68
Q

If geometry an issue which side of the parietal lobe?

A

Right Bec of spatial awareness

69
Q

Problem solving for math is addressed by what lobe?

A

Parietal

70
Q

Working memory is addressed by what lobe?

A

Frontal

71
Q

Knowing the difference between right and left is what lobe?and which side?

A

Right Parietal

72
Q

What part of the brain is damaged if someone can’t attend to multiple objects at once …balints syndrome

A

Posterior parietal

73
Q

What part is the “where” part?

A

Right parietal

74
Q

What are function of the temporal lobe?

A

Verbal memories, word recognition, reading, language, emotion. RH music, facial recognition, social cues, object recognition, proximity to amydala and hippocampus

75
Q

If damage is on left temporal lobe what may be affected?

A

Verbal memory for longer passages. May cause conversation difficulty

76
Q

Lesion to right temporal lobe may cause what?

A

Inability to recognize intricate melodies.

77
Q

What part of the brain houses the auditory cortex?

A

Temporal lobe

78
Q

What part of the brain is critical to memory making process? Especially verbal

A

Temporal

79
Q

What part of the brain of the brain activates short term memory? With regards to numbers

A

Left parietal

80
Q

What part of the brain is involved with Spacial or visual short term memory?

A

Right parietal

81
Q

Left temporal lobe functions

A

Reading,learning, memory,positive mood

82
Q

Right temporal lobes associated with

A

Music, facial recognition,anxiety, sense of direction

83
Q

Occipital lobe functions

A

Visual field, locate objects in environment, see colors, recognize drawings, reading, writing, spelling all because of visual field.

84
Q

Where are visual flashbacks processed?

A

Occipital lobe

85
Q

What is visual agnosia?

A

Inability to perceive and dare complete objects

86
Q

What is simultaneous agnosia?

A

Inability to see multiple objects at the same time

87
Q

Sensory and motor cortex (sensorimotor cortex)

A

Motor and sensory lol

88
Q

What. Ay damage to the RH portion of somatosensory cortex cause?

A

Compromised reasoning/decision making and emotional feelings, also disrupt that process of bodily signals

89
Q

What is 1hertz stand for?

A

One cycle per second

90
Q

What is a microvolt?

A

Amplitude or height of the wave

91
Q

What is the bandwidth for delta?

A

1-4hz

92
Q

What is the bandwidth for theta?

A

4-8hz

93
Q

What is the bandwidth for alpha?

A

8-12hz

94
Q

What is the bandwidth for beta?

A

13-21hz

95
Q

What is the bandwidth for smr?

A

12-15hz

96
Q

What is the ban with for high beta?

A

20-32hz

97
Q

What is the bandwidth for gamma?

A

38-42hz

98
Q

During training what are we trying to change?

A

Amplitude

99
Q

Where should the reference sensor be placed?

A

On the same hemisphere as the active sensor

100
Q

What is a mono polar referential montage

A

Mounting one active electrode to the scalp

101
Q

What is a bipolar sequential montage

A

Mounting both the reference and the active sensor to the scalp

102
Q

What is disadvantage of mono polar montage

A

Artifacts

103
Q

What is common mode rejection

A

The process of rejecting similar electrical activity

104
Q

How do you decrease an amplitude?

A

Inhibit threshold

105
Q

How do you increase an amplitude?

A

Reward threshold

106
Q

Rewarding an increase in amplitude is what?

Rewarding a decrease in amplitude is what?

A

Up training

Down training

107
Q

What side is smr usually trained on?

A

Right

108
Q

What side is beta usually trained on?

A

Left

109
Q

What is coherence training?

A

A measurement of the similarity of frequency between two sites on the scalp

110
Q

Phase measurements

A

Compare two frequency signals on the basis of timing and phase angles. Helpful in TBI

111
Q

Alpha synchrony

A

Deep states

Simultaneous action at two sites

112
Q

What is the bat triad

A

Lh beta > RH beta
RH alpha > LH ALPHA
LH theta = RH theta

113
Q

LH alpha higher then right what might we expect

A

Depression

114
Q

RH exceeds LH beta what might we expect?

A

Anxiety or anxiety mixed with depression

115
Q

What does a spect scan measure?

A

Cerebral blood flow

116
Q

What is amplitude

A

Microvolts/ hertz

117
Q

What is power?

A

Microvolts squred/ hertz

118
Q

What is magnitude

A

Peak to peak microvolt measurements.. Bottom to top

119
Q

What I a an absolute measurement?

A

What is directly below sensor not taking into account the physical charteristics of the skull

120
Q

Anterior asymmetry is a marker for what

A

Depression and anxiety

121
Q

Posterior or anterior alpha asymmetry is a marker for what?

A

Depression

122
Q

What is dominant frequency!

A

The frequency with the highest micro volt reading

123
Q

What happens when dominant frequency too low?

A

Slow wave disorder

124
Q

If dominant frequency too high what may occur?

A

Anxiety or insomnia

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