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1
Q

The hemispheres are connected by a thick bundle of nerve fibers called the?

A

Corpus callosum

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2
Q

The brain has how many internal chambers? And what are they called?

A

4, ventricles

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3
Q

How many % of the blood goes to the brain?

A

15%

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4
Q

How many % of the total oxygen and glucose is consumed by the brain?

A

20%

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5
Q

Which substances does the brain barrier system (BBS) allow to pass through?

A

Water, glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, alcohol, caffeine, nicotine and anesthetics

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6
Q

The embryonic hindbrain differentiate into two subdivisions, which 2?

A

The myelencaphalon and metencephalon

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7
Q

How many of the nerve fibers travelling between the brain and spinal cord are found in the medulla oblongata?

A

All of them

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8
Q

Which 4 centers does the medulla contain which are responsible for basic physiological functions?

A
  • Cardiac center - which regulates the rate and force of the heartbeat
  • Vasomotor center - Regulates blood pressure and flow by dilating and constricting blood vessels
  • 2 respiratory centers - Regulates the rate and depth of breathing and others involved in speech, coughing, sneezing, salivation, swallowing, gagging, vomiting and sweating
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9
Q

About 90% of the corticospinal tract cross over to the opposite side of the brainstem (medulla oblongata) at the point called the?

A

Pyramidal descussation

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10
Q

What is the tectospinal tract responsible for?

A
  • Carrying motor signals to the cervical spinal cord

* Mediating movement of the head and neck

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11
Q

What is the posterior spinocerebellar tract responsible for?

A

Carrying sensory information destined for the cerebellum

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12
Q

What is the 4th ventricle?

A

A CSF- filled space between the medulla and cerebellum

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13
Q

The 9-12th cranial nerves begins or ends in?

A

Medulla oblongata

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14
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve emerge from, and where does it extend through?

A
  • Pons

* Extends into the medulla

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15
Q

What are the sensory functions of cranial nerve IX to XII?

A

Touch, pressure, temperature, taste and pain

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16
Q

What are the motor functions in cranial nerves IX to XII?

A

Chewing, swallowing, speech, respiration, cardiovasuclar control, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, head, neck and shoulder movements

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17
Q

What is the Olfactory nerve (CN1) responsible for?

A

Sense of smell

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18
Q

Where does the fasicles from the olfactory nerve (CN1) attach to?

A

In the roof of the nasal cavity

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19
Q

What is the optic nerve (CN2) responsible for?

A

Vision

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20
Q

What is the oculomotor nerve (CN3) responsible for?

A
  • Controls the muscles that turn the eyeball up, down, medially
  • Controls the iris, lens and upper eyelid
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21
Q

What is the origin of the olfactory nerve (CN1)?

A

Olfactory muscosa in nasal cavity

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22
Q

What is the effect of damage of the olfactory nerve (CN1)?

A

Impaired sense of smell

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23
Q

What are clinical tests for olfactory nerve?

A

Test if they can identify smells, such as coffee, vanilla, soap etc.

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24
Q

What is the origin of the optic nerve?

A

Retina

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25
Q

What is the termination point for the optic nerve (CN2)?

A

Thalamus and midbrain

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26
Q

What is the cranial passage for the optic nerve (CN2)?

A

The optic foramen

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27
Q

Signs of damage the the optic nerve (CN2)?

A

Blindness in part or all of visual field

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28
Q

Where is the origin of the oculumotor (CN3) nerve?

A

Midbrain

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29
Q

Where is the termination of the oculomotor nerve (CN3)?

A

Somatic fibers to levator palpebrae superioris, superior, medial and inferior rectus muscles; and inferior oblique muscles of the eye

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30
Q

Where is the cranial passage for the oculomotor nerve? (CN3)

A

Superior orbital fissure

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31
Q

What are signs of damage to the oculumotor nerve? (CN3)

A
  • Drooping eyelid
  • Inability to move eye in some directions
  • Tendency of eye to rotate laterally at rest
  • Double vision
  • Difficulty focusing
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32
Q

What are some clinical tests which could be done for the oculomotor nerve? (CN3)

A
  • Look for difference in size, and shape of right and left pupils
  • Test pupillary response to light
  • Test ability to track moving objects
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33
Q

What is the trochlear nerve (CN4) responsible for?

A

Controls a muscle that rotates the eyeball medially and slightly depresses the eyeball when the head turns

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34
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve (CN4) originate?

A

Midbrain

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35
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve (CN4) terminate?

A

Superior oblique muscle of eye

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36
Q

What is the cranial passage for the trochlear nerve (CN4)?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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37
Q

What are signs of damage to the trochlear nerve (CN4)?

A
  • Double vision
  • Inability to rotate eye inferolaterally
  • Eye points superolaterally
  • Subject tends to tilt head towards the affected side
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38
Q

What are the clinical test to test the trochlear nerve (CN4)?

A

Test ability of eye to rotate inferolaterally

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39
Q

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve (CN5)?

A

It is the most important sensory nerve of the face. Also the largest nerve except for the optic nerve

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40
Q

The trigeminal nerve (CN5) forks into three divisions, which?

A
  • Ophthalmic
  • Maxillary
  • Mandibular
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41
Q

Is the ophthalmic divison of the trigeminal nerve (CN5) primarily motoric, or sensoric?

A

Sensoric

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42
Q

Is the maxillary divison of the trigeminal nerve (CN5) primarily motoric, or sensoric?

A

Sensoric

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43
Q

Is the mandibular divison of the trigeminal nerve (CN5) primarily motoric, or sensoric?

A

Mixed

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44
Q

What is the function of the ophthalmic nerve?

A
  • Touch
  • Temperature
  • Pain sensation from upper face
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45
Q

What is the function of the maxillary nerve?

A
  • Touch
  • Temperature
  • Pain sensation from lower face
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46
Q

What is the function of the mandibular nerve?

A
  • Touch
  • Temperature
  • Pain sensation on lower face
  • Motor function of mastication
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47
Q

What is the origin of the ophthalmic nerve?

A

Superior region of face

  • Surface of eyeball
  • Lacrimal (tear) gland
  • Superior nasal mucosa
  • Frontal and ethmoid sinuses
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48
Q

What is the origin of the maxillary nerve?

A

Middle region of face

  • Nasal mucosa
  • Maxillary sinus
  • Palate; upper teeth and gums
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49
Q

What is the origin of the mandibular nerve?

A

Inferior region of face

  • Anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • Lower teeth and gums
  • Floor of mouth; dura mater
  • Motor: Pons(??)
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50
Q

Where is the termination of the ophthalmic nerve (CN5)?

A

Pons

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51
Q

Where is the termination of the maxillary nerve?

A

Pons

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52
Q

Where is the termination of the mandibular nerve division?

A 
Sensory: Pons  
Motoric: 
* Anterior belly of diagstric 
* Masseter 
* Temporalis 
* Mylohyoid * Pterygoid 
* Tensor tympani muscle of middle ear
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53
Q

Signs of damage to the opthalmic nerve?

A

Loss of sensation of upper face

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54
Q

Signs of damage to the maxillary nerve?

A

Loss of sensation from middle face

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55
Q

Signs of damage to the mandibular nerve?

A

Loss of sensation lower face, impaired chewing

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56
Q

Clinical tests for ophthalmic nerve?

A

Test corneal reflex (blinking in response to light touch to eyeball)

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57
Q

Clinical test for maxillary nerve?

A

Test sense of touch, pain, and temperature

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58
Q

Clinical test for mandibular nerve?

A
  • Assess motor function by palpating masseter and temporalis while subject clenches teeth
  • Test ability to move mandible from side to side and to open mouth against resistance
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59
Q

What is the primary function of abducens nerve (CN6)?

A

Controls a muscle that turns the eyeball laterally

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60
Q

Where is the origin of the abducens nerve?

A

Inferior pons

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61
Q

Is the abducens nerve primarily motor or sensoric?

A

Motor

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62
Q

Where does the abducens nerve terminate?

A

Lateral rectus muscle of eye

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63
Q

Signs of damage to the abducens nerve?

A
  • Inability to turn eye laterally

* At rest the eye turns medially because of action of antagonistic muscles

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64
Q

Clinical test for abducens nerve?

A

Test lateral eye movement

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65
Q

What is the primary function of the facial nerve (CN7)?

A

Major motor nerve of the facial muscles

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66
Q

The facial nerve divides into 5 braches, which?

A

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical

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67
Q

Is the facial nerve primarily motoric, or sensoric?

A

Mixed

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68
Q

What are the functions of the facial nerve?

A

Sensory: Taste
Motor: Facial expression
Secretion of tears, saliva, nasal and oral mucus

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69
Q

Where is the origin of the facial nerve?

A

Sensory: Taste buds of anterior 2/3 of tongue
Motor: Pons

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70
Q

Where is the origin of the facial nerve?

A

Sensory: Thalamus
Motor: Somatic fibers to diagstric muscle
Stapedius muscle of middle ear
Stylohyoid muscle
Muscles of facial expression
Autonomic fibers to submandibular and sublingual salviary glands, tear glands, nasal and palatine glands

71
Q

What are some signs of deficits of facial nerve (CN7)?

A

Inability to control facial muscles, sagging due to loss of muscle tone
Distorted sense of taste, especially for sweets

72
Q

Clinical tests for facial nerve?

A

Test anterior 2/3 of tongue with substances such as sugar, salt, vinegar etc
Test responses of tear glands to ammonia fumes
Test subject’s ability to smile, frown, whistle, raise eyebrows, close eyes etc.

73
Q

What is the main function of vestibulocochlear nerve and which # cranial nerve is it?

A

Nerve for hearing and equilibrium, but it also has motor fibers that lead to cells of the cochlea that tune the sense of hearing CN 8

74
Q

Mainly, is the vestibulocochlear nerve motoric or sensoric?

A

Sensoric

75
Q

What is the origin of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Sensory:
Cochlea
Vestibule
Semicircular ducts of inner ear

Motor: Pons

76
Q

Where does the nerve signal from the vestibulocochlear nerve terminate?

A

Sensory: Fibers for hearing ends in the medulla Fibers for equilibrium end at junction of medulla and pons
Motor: Outer hair cells of cochlea of inner ear

77
Q

What are signs of injury to the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Nerve deafness, dizziness, nausea, loss of balance, and nystagmus

78
Q

Clinical tests for deficits of vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Look for nystagmus
Test hearing
Test balance
Test ability to walk in a straight line

79
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve is which # in the cranial nerves?

A

9th

80
Q

What is the function of glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Sensory: Taste, touch, pressure, pain and temperature sensations from tongue and outer ear
Regulation of blood pressure and respiration

Motor: Salviation, swallowing, gagging

81
Q

Where is the origin of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Sensory: Pharynx; middle and outer ear Posterior 1/3 of tongue (including taste buds) Internal carotid artery

Motor: Medulla oblongata

82
Q

Where is the termination of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Sensory: Medulla oblongata

Motor: Parotid salviary gland; glands of posterior tongue; stylopharyngeal muscle (which dilates pharynx during swallowing)

83
Q

Signs of injury to glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Loss of bitter and sour taste

Impaired swallowing

84
Q

Clinical tests for glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Test gag reflex, swallowing, coughing
Note any speech impairments
Test posterior 1/3 of tongue with bitter and sour substances

85
Q

Is the vagus nerve motoric or sensoric? Which # cranial nerve is it?

A

Mixed

10th

86
Q

What are the functions of the vagus nerve?

A

Sensory:
Taste
Sensation of fullness
Gastrointestinal discomfort

Motor: 
Swallowing 
Speech 
Deceleration of heart 
Bronchoconstriction 
Gastroinestinal secretion and motility
87
Q

Where is the origin of the vagus nerve?

A 
Sensory: 
Thoracic and abdominal viscera 
Root of tongue 
Pharynx 
Larynx 
Epiglottis 
Outer ear 
Dura mater

Motor:
Medulla oblongata

88
Q

Where is the termination of the vagus nerve?

A

Sensory:
Medulla oblongata

Motor: 
Tongue 
Palate 
Pharynx 
Larynx 
Lungs
Heart 
Liver 
Spleen 
Digestive tract 
Kidney Ureter
89
Q

What are signs of deficits in the vagus nerve?

A

Hoarseness or loss of voice
Impaired swallowing
Gastrointestinal motility
NB! Fatal if both vagus nerves are damaged

90
Q

Clinical tests for vagus nerve?

A 
Examine palatal movements during speech 
Check for abnormalities of swallowing 
Abscense of gag reflex 
Weak hoarse voice 
Inability to cough forcefully
91
Q

What is the predominant part of the accessory nerve, motor or sensory?

A

Motor

92
Q

What are the function of the accessory nerve?

A

Swallowing

Head, neck and shoulder movements

93
Q

Where does the accessory nerve originate?

A

Medulla oblongata and spinal cord segments C1-C6

94
Q

Where does the accessory nerve terminate?

A

Palate; pharynx; trapezius and sternocleidomastoideus

95
Q

What are indication of damage to the accessory nerve?

A

Impaired movement of head, neck and shoulders
Difficulty shrugging shoulders on damaged side; paralysis of sternocleidomastoideus causing head to turn toward injured side

96
Q

Clinical tests for accessory nerve?

A

Test ability to rotate head and shrug shoulders against resistance

97
Q

What is the predominant function of hypoglossal nerve? Motor or sensory?

A

Motor

98
Q

What are the function of hypoglossal nerve?

A

Tongue movements of speech, food, manipulation and swallowing

99
Q

Where is the origin of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Medulla oblongata

100
Q

Where is the termination of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue

101
Q

What are signs of damage to the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Impaired speech and swallowing
Inability to protrude tongue if both right and left nerves are damaged
Deviation of tongue towards injured side, and atrophy of that side, if only one nerve is damaged

102
Q

Clinical tests for hypoglossal nerve?

A

Note deviations of tongue as subject protrudes and retracts it
Test ability to protdue tongue against resistance

103
Q

The metencephalon develops into which two structures?

A

Pons and cerebellum

104
Q

The pons contain several nuclei involved in basic physiological functions such as?

A

Sleep, respiration, and bladder control

105
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for function in visual attention, such as visually tracking moving objects and reflexively turning the eyes and head in repsonse to a visual stimulus - for example, to look at something you catch sight of in your peripheral vision?

A

Superior colliculi

106
Q

Which part of your brain is responsible for reciving and processing auditory input from lower levels of the brainstem and relay it to other parts of the brain, especially the thalamus?

A

Inferior colliculi

107
Q

What is the function of the substantia nigra?

A

It is a motor center that relays inhibitory signals to the thalamus and basal nuclei. It improves motor preformance by suppressing unwanted muscle contractions

108
Q

The cerebral crura, tegmentum and substantia nigra collectively form the?

A

Cerebral peduncle

109
Q

Which structure is this true for ‘generally speaking it’s the gateway to the cerebral cortex’

A

The thalamus

110
Q

Which sensory signals pass through the thalamus to the cerebral cortex?

A

Taste, smell, hearing, equilibrium, vision, touch, pain, pressure, heat, cold. (Although the thalamic nuclei filter this information and relay only a small portion of it to the cerebral cortex)

111
Q

The thalamus plays a key role in motor control; it relays signals from the…. to the ….?

A

From the cerebellum to the cerebrum Also provides feedback loops between the cerebral cortex and basal nuclei

112
Q

What structures are involved in memory and emtional functions of the limbic system?

A

Thalamus, cerebral cortex of the temporal and frontal lobes, and some of the anterior thalamic nuclei

113
Q

What structure is the major control center of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system and plays an essential role in the homeostatic regulation of nearly all organs of the body?

A

Hypothalamus

114
Q

Name the main objectives that the hypothalamus is responsible for regulating

A
  • Hormone secretion
  • Autonomic effects
  • Thermoregulation
  • Food and water intake
  • Sleep and circadian rhythms
  • Emotional responses
  • Memory
115
Q

The hypothalamus secretes hormones that control the anterior pituitary gland. Acting through the pituitary, it regulates….?

A

Growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress responses

116
Q

The hypothalamus regulates the secretion of two hormones which are stored in the posterior pituitary gland. What are they called, and what are their functions?

A

Oxytocin: Concerned with labor contractions, lactation, and emotional bonding
Antidiuretic hormone: Concerned with water conservation

117
Q

The hypothalamus is a major integrating center for the autonomic nervous system. It sends descending fibers to nuclei lower in the brainstem that influence…. what?

A

Herat rate, blood pressure, pupillary diameter, gastrointestinal secretion and motility (also more though)

118
Q

There is a center in the brain which activate signals when body temperature is too low or high to enforce the body to start shivering, sweating, or causes cutaneous vasoconstriction or vasodilation. Which center regulates this?

A

Hypothalamus (The hypthalamic thermostat, near the mammillary bodies in the posterior hypothalamus)

119
Q

In the hypothalamus there is a center which stimulate water-seeking and drinking behavior when the body is dehydrated. What are these receptors called?

A

Osmoreceptors

120
Q

The hypothalamus regulate our sleep and circadian rhythms. What is the part of the hypothalamus which control our 24-hour (Icircadian) rhythm of activity called?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

121
Q

When anxiety accelerates the heart or upsets the stomach, which part of our brain is responsible for this occurance?

A

The hypothalamus, more specifically, the mammillary bodies in the hypothalamus provide a pathway by which emotional states can affect the visceral functions

122
Q

What part of the brain is the center for the creation of new memories?

A

Hippocampus - also known as the cerebrum’s ‘teacher’

123
Q

What lies in the pathway between the hippocampus to the thalamus and is part of that system which is responsible for new memories?

A

Mammillary bodies in hypothalamus

124
Q

What is the largest and most conspicuous part of the human brain?

A

Cerebrum

125
Q

What actions are cerebrum responsible for?

A

A seat of sensory perception, voluntary (functional) motor actions, memory and mental processes such as thought, judgment and imagination.

126
Q

The frontal lobe lies immediately behind the frontal bone, superior to the eyes. It is concerned with which functions?

A

Cognition (thought) and other higher mental processes, speech, and motor control

127
Q

The parietal lobe forms the uppermost part of the brain and underlies the parietal bone. It has which functions?

A

Primary site for receiving and interpreting signals of the general senses, and some visual processing

128
Q

The occipital lobe is at the rear of the head, caudal to the parieto-occipital sulcus and underlying the occipital bone. What is it’s main function?

A

It is the principal visual center of the brain

129
Q

The temporal lobe is a lateral, horizontal lobe deep to the temporal bone, seperated from the parietal lobe above it by a deep lateral sulcus. What are it’s functions?

A

Hearing, smell, learning, memory, and some aspects of vision and emotions

130
Q

The insula is a small mass of cortex deep to the latearl sulcus, made visible only by retracting or cutting away some of the overlying cerebrum. What are it’s functions?

A

It plays roles in taste, visceral sensation, and understanding spoken language

131
Q

What do projection tracts do?

A

Carry information between the cerebrum and the rest of the body

132
Q

What do commissural tracts do?

A

Cross from one cerebral hemisphere to the other through bridges called commissures

133
Q

Where does the great majority of commissural fibers pass through? The biggest…

A

Corpus callosum

134
Q

What do association tracts do?

A

Connects different regions of the same hemisphere

135
Q

The limbic system is an important center of…?

A

Emotion and learning

136
Q

Nueral integration is carried out in the gray matter of the cerebrum, which is found in three places - which 3?

A

The cerebral cortex
Basal nuclei
Limbic system

137
Q

What two principle types of cells does the cerebral cortex contain?

A

Stellate and pyramidal cells

138
Q

What are the functions of stellate cells?

A

They are concerned largely with receiving sensory input and processing infomation on a local level

139
Q

What are the primary functions of the pyramidal cells?

A

They are the output neurons of the cerebrum

140
Q

Three parts (disagreement within different environments but they agree on 3 at least) make up the basal nuclei?

A

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus

141
Q

The putamen and globus pallidus are also collectively called the..?

A

Lentiform

142
Q

Where is the hippocampus located?

A

Medial temporal lobe

143
Q

What centers does the limbic system consist of?

A

Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Amygdala

144
Q

Primary cortex consists of those regions that…

A

Receives input directly from the sense organs or brainstem, or issue motor nerve fibers directly to the brainstem for distribution of the motor commands to cranial and spinal nerves

145
Q

Association cortex consists of all regions other than the primary cortex, involved in integrative functions such as…..

A

Interpretation of sensory input, planning motor output, cognitive processes, and the storage and retrieval of memories

146
Q

Visual signals (vision) are received by the…. in which part of the brain?

A

Primary visual cortex In the far posterior region of the occipital lobe

147
Q

Auditory signals (hearing) are received by the…. in which part of the brain?

A

Primary auditory cortex In the superior region of the temporal lobe and in the nearby insula

148
Q

Somatosensory signals arising from the neck down travel up the spinal cord in which tracts?

A

Gracile
Cuneate fasciculi
Spinothalamic tracts

149
Q

The intention to contract a skeletal muscle beings in the…. of which part of the brain?

A

Motor association (premotor) area of the frontal lobes

150
Q

When a movement program has been created by the motor association area of the frontal lobes (planning of movement), where is the signal then sent to?

A

Precentral gyrus (primary motor area) ———-> brainstem ———-> spinal cord

151
Q

What are the pyramidal cells of the precentral gyrus called?

A

Upper motor neurones

152
Q

In which part of the body does the fibers from the upper motor neurons synapse with the lower motor neurons?

A

Brainstem or spinal cord

153
Q

Nearly all areas of cerebral cortex send signals to the basal nuclei, except?

A

Primary visual and auditory areas

154
Q

Which part of the brain assumes control of highly practiced behaviors that one carries out with little thought - such as writing, typing, driving a car etc.

A

Basal nuclei

155
Q

This part of the brain controls the onset and cessation of planned movements and repetitive movements at the shoulder and hip that occur during walking?

A

Basla nuceli

156
Q

This part of the brain receives information from the upper motor neurons of the cerebrum about what movements are intended, and information from proprioceptors in the muscles and joints about the actual performance of the movement. What part is this?

A

The cerebellum

157
Q

The cerebellum aids in…?

A 
Learning motor skills 
Maintains muscle tone 
Maintains posture 
Smooths muscle contractions 
Coordinates eye and body movements 
Coordinates the motion of different joints with each other
158
Q

The Wernicke area is responsible for? Where does it lie?

A

Recognition of spoken and written language Lies posterior to the lateral sulcus, usually in the left hemipshere

159
Q

Where is the Broca area located?

A

In the inferior prefrontal cortex of usually the left hemisphere

160
Q

The Broca area generates a motor program for the muscles of the….. to produce speech

A

Larynx, tongue, cheeks and lips

161
Q

In 1949 a Swiss physiologist by the name of Wlater Hess proved that stimulation of which structures in the brain of cats could induce rage, attack, and other emotional responses?

A

Hypothalamus

162
Q

This part of the brain receives processed information from the senses of vision, hearing, taste, smell, and general somatosensory and vsiceral senses, and thus, it is albe to mediate emotional responses to such stimuli as a disgusting odor, a foul taste etc. Which part?

A

Amygdala

163
Q

Many important aspects of personality depend on an intact functional….?

A

Amygdala and hypothalamus

164
Q

This part of the brain is concerned with many of our most distinctly human abilities, such as abstract thought, foresight, judgment, responsbility, a sense of purpose, and a sense of socially appropriate behavior. Which part?

A

Prefrontal cortex

165
Q

This part of the brain also helps in making short-term prediction about movement, such as where a ball will be in a second or two so that one can catch it. Which part?

A

Cerebellum

166
Q

Many children with ADHD have abnormally small…?

A

Cerebellums

167
Q

What is procedural memory?

A

It is how to preform motor skills, type a keyboard f.ex.

168
Q

What is declarative memory?

A

The retention of events and facts that one can put into words, such as names, dates etc.

169
Q

What is the process of memory consolidation?

A

When the hippocampus learns form sensory input while an experience is happening and then later (usually when sleeping) it plays this memory repeatedly to the cerebral cortex, which is a ‘slow learner’ but forms longer-lasting memories

170
Q

Hjernenervene kan inneholde følgende typer av fibre?

A

Somatisk efferente
Visceral efferente
Somatisk afferente
Visceral afferente

171
Q

Somatiske efferente fibre går til?

A

Tverrstripet skjelettmuskulatur

172
Q

Visceral efferente fibre går til?

A

Glatt muskulatur og kjertler i årer og innvollsorganer og hører til den parasympatiske delen av ANS

173
Q

Somatiske afferente fibre har som funksjon å?

A

Bringe impulser fra hud, slimhinner i ansiktet, muskler, ledd og fra lekevektsapparatet

174
Q

Viscerale afferente fibre har som funksjon å?

A

Gi opplysning om tilstanden i innvollsorganene

Brain and Cranial Nerves (1 decks)

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