brain Flashcards
what are the 4 parts of the brain
cerebrum
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebellum
what are the 3 parts of the diencephalon
thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
what are the 3 parts of the brain stem
midbrain (mesencephalon)
pons
medulla oblongata
the medulla oblongata becomes the ____, when it passes through the ___
spinal cord
foramen magnum
what is the most sup part of the brain stem
the midbrain
what part is this?
what part is this?
what part is this?
what part is this?
what part is this?
what part is this?
where does the cerebellum sit
in the posterior cranial fossa
what protects the brain
the skull and meninges
what are the 3 meninges types
pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater
where is the pia mater
adhered tightly to the surface of the brain
what happens with excessive swelling
pushes through the foramen magnum, consistent with death
does the arachnoid mater always adhere to the pia mater?
no, forms cisterns, containing CSF
the subarachnoid space contains ___
CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
what are arachnoid villi
finger like extensions of the arachnoid mater that push into the dural venous sinuses
what is the main functional feature that arachnoid villi have
have one way valves that allow CSF into the blood, but no blood into the CSF
how many layers does the dura mater have
2 (in brain)
what are the 2 layers of the dura mater
periosteal mater (outer)
meningeal layer (inner)
the dura mater layers are fused together where
everywhere except where they surround venous sinuses
what is the likely pathology of a child with a very large head
hydrocephalous
too much fluid in the ventricles of the brain
skull isn’t fused, so expands
is there an epidural space in the brain?
NOO!!
name the locations of the extra-axial hemorrhages (left to right)
subdural
epidural
subarachnoid
what is the weakest part of the skull
which is a landmark for what
the pterion
landmark for the middle meningeal artery
what is this?
how can you tell
epidural bleed
will not pass sutures
midline shift
what is the most life threatening bleed?
epidural
artery instead of a vein, happens faster
what are the 3 extensions of the dura mater
falx cerebri
falx cerebelli
tentorium cerebelli
what is the falx cerebri
in the longitudinal fissure, separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres
attaches anteriorly to the Crista galli
what if the falx cerebelli
what is the tentorium cerebelli
what is located within the sinuses of the brain
venous blood
what is located within the sinuses of the facial bones
air
the venous sinuses pass through the ____ to empty into the jugular vein
jugular foramen
what passes through the carotid canal
internal carotid artery
what is red
falx cerebri
what is blue
tentorium cerebelli
what is this
falx cerebri
what is this
tenterium cerebelli
how much of the blood supply does the Brian recieve
20%
does the brain store sugar and oxygen?
NO!!
what supplies the brain
the internal carotid artery
vertebral artery
the internal carotid artery supplies what
the internal carotid artery supplies what
IJV
astrocytes are important to what
the blood brain barrier
the blood brain barrier allows
the blood Brian barrier prevents
what can cause a breakdown of the BBB
trauma, inflammation, and certain toxins
where does CSF circulate
brain ventricles, spinal cord (central canal), in the subarachnoid space
what is CSF made up of
mainly water
small amnt of O2, glucose, proteins, ions
