brain Flashcards
frontal lobe
regulate executive function
Pariental lobe
sensory function. receiving and processing sensory information.
temporal lobe
auditory and language function
occipital lobe
important role in everything that deals with vision
cerebellum
“Small brain”
motor control and cognitive function
Optic chiasm
location of where optic fibers from the eye cross
The pharahippocampal gyrus
a part of the hippocampus which is involved in memory
pons
a part of the brainstem and relays information between higher and lower levels of the CNS. its involved in sleep and vital functions.
Olfactory bulb
involved in odor detection
corpus collosum
communication between hemispheres
brainstem
Pons and Medulla, they are involved in vital body functions such as heart rate and respiration.
dorsal thalamus
placed close to the corpus collosum. receives almost all incoming information and relays it to the cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus
involved in reproductive functions and plays a role in the control of homeostasis and balance etc.
striatum
Consists of two (3) nuclei; The putamen and the caudate. The striatum coordinates multiple aspects of cognition, including both motor and action planning, decision making, motivation, reinforcement and reward perception.
Basal Ganglia
consists of element of the striatum; caudate and putamen, but also globus pallidus. The basal ganglia receives input from the cerebral cortex and participate in the organization and guidance. of complex motor functions, important role in the reward system and supports the cognitive tasks of striatum.
Nucleus Accumbens (NAc)
Also refferd to as the ventral striatum.
Connected to the reward system and release of dopamine.
The amygdala
The emotional brain nucleus. Plays a role in a lot of functions, some of them being decision making, memory and fear are a few.
often considered part of a separate system known for its role in learning and memory, emotional reactions and motivated behavior.
also part of the limbic system.
damage amygdala makes it difficult to asses danger.
The limbic system
The limbic system system is a part of a subcortical and cortical nuclei. Its involved in learning and memory emotional reactions and motivated behavior.
Ares in the system is: the amygdala, mammillary body, hypothalamus, but also cortical regions like the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex.
Abnomalities in the limbic system can cause severe amnesia or inadequate emotional reactions and social behavior.
spinal nerve
Ventral and dorsal root joints
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
Keeps out large molecules from entering the brain, terfore also protecting the brain from toxins. The barrier prevent free ionic and molecular traffic. Depending on the molecules, they can enter the brain or not: soluble in lipid = no entrance, not soluble in lipid = entrance (like glucose).
Gastrulation
the process during embryonic development that changes the embryo from a blastula with a single layer of cells to a gastrula containing multiple layers of cells.
Neurulation
refers to the folding process, that includes the transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube.
Stages of neurodevelopment (7 stages)
- cell birth/ neurogenesis
- Cell migration
- cell differentation
- cell maturation (dendrite and axon growth)
- Synaptogenesis (formation of synapses)
- cell death and synaptic pruning
- myelogenesis (formation of myelin)
Symmetrical division
one progenitor cell devide into two equal progenitor cell
Asymetrical division
one progenitor cell and one brain cell.
Dendritic arborization
the formation or growth of dendrites and axons.
Brain plasticity
The nervous systems potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury.
