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central nervous system > Brain: > Flashcards

Brain: Flashcards

Hindbrain, Midbrain, and Forebrain

1
Q

What does the hindbrain, the posterior part of the brain, consist?

A

The medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum

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2
Q

What forms the brainstem?

A

The medulla, pons, midbrain, and certain central structures of the forebrain.

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3
Q

The medulla controls several reflexes through _______.

A

the cranial nerves

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4
Q

A set of 12 nerves that carry sensory and motor information to the head.

A

cranial nerves

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5
Q

The medulla connects to the ______ and the ________.

A

head and organs

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6
Q

What are abundant in the medulla?

A

Opiate receptors

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7
Q

Latin for “bridge”, is a brain structure located anterior and ventral to the medulla in the hindbrain.

A

Pons

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8
Q

The pons contains ________ for several cranial nerves.
It connects _______ from one side of the brain to the other.

A

nuclei
axons

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9
Q

Lie in both the pons and medulla. Both systems affect attention and arousal.

A

Reticular Formation
Raphe System

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10
Q

Organizes sensory information guiding movement and plays a role in functions beyond balance and coordination - shifting attention between auditory and visual stimuli.

A

Cerebellum

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11
Q

Damage to the cerebellum can lead to difficulties in tasks requiring ________ ________.

A

attention shifts

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12
Q

Cerebellum is essential for judging timing, certain types of _______ and _________.

A

learning
conditioning

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13
Q

It contributes to motor readiness through a ________ pathway originating from the substantial nigra in the midbrain.

A

dopamine-containing

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14
Q

It is situated in the middle of the brain and is more prominent in reptiles, amphibians, and fish.

A

the midbrain

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15
Q

What is the roof of the brain?

A

Tectum

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16
Q

The swellings on each side are the vision and hearing.

A

the superior colliculus
the inferior colliculus

17
Q

Below the tectum lies the _______, an intermediate level of the midbrain.

A

tegmentum

18
Q

In the midbrain, it gives rise to a dopamine-containing pathway that facilitates movement readiness.

A

Substantia nigra

19
Q

-
-

A

sensory processing
timing judgment
learning and conditioning

20
Q

The most prominent part of the mammalian brain consists of two cerebral hemispheres organized to receive sensory information, control muscles, and interact with the spinal cord and cranial nerve nuclei.

A

The forebrain

21
Q

The forebrain’s outer portion is the________

A

cerebral cortex

22
Q

Name the 7 subcortical areas below the cortex.

A

Limbic system
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Basal Ganglia
Basal Forebrain
Hippocampus

23
Q

_________ is involved in motivation and emotional behaviors, playing a key role in _________ and _________ responses.

A

Limbic system
memory
emotional

24
Q

The limbic system comprises the _______ bulb, hy_______, hi__________, am________, and ci________ gyrus.

A

olfactory
hypothalamus
hippocampus
amygdala
cingulate

25
Q

The limbic system is essential for regulating behaviors related to ________.

A

survival

26
Q

_________: Along with the hypothalamus, forms the _________

A

thalamus
diencephalon

27
Q

The thalamus is the main source of information to the cerebral cortex, processing most sensory information.
True or false.

A

True

28
Q

The olfactory information is included in the thalamus.
True or False

A

False

29
Q

The thalamus is important for relaying sensory signals and regulating consciousness and sleep-wake cycles.
True or False

A

True

30
Q

It is an endocrine (hormone-producing) gland attached to the base of the hypothalamus in the forebrain.

A

Pituitary gland

31
Q

It receives messages from the hypothalamus to produce hormones.

A

True

32
Q

What is the role of the pituitary gland?

A

body’s hormonal balance and overall physiological functions

33
Q

A group of subcortical structures including the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus.

A

Basal ganglia

34
Q

These subcortical structures are crucial for motor ______ and ________. Deterioration of the basal ganglia leads to Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease.

A

control
coordination

35
Q

Structures in the _____ surface of the forebrain, such as the nucleus basalis.

A

Basal forebrain
dorsal

36
Q

A key component of the brain’s arousal system regulates _______ and ______.

A

wakefulness
attention

37
Q

A region that plays a key role in the formation and storage of new memories.

A

hippocampus

38
Q

It is located in the _____ ______ lobe and is involved in various cognitive functions related to memory and spatial navigation.

A

medial temporal lobe

central nervous system (3 decks)

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