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Biopsychology > Brain > Flashcards

Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Ventral Tegmental Area

A
  • in the midbrain
  • controls motivation and reward processing
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2
Q

How do drugs impact the ventral tegmental area?

A
  • euphoria, increased motivation, drug seeking behavior, impaired decision making, restlessness, hyperactivity
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3
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • in the hindbrain
  • balance
  • motor coordination
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4
Q

Pons

A
  • in the hindbrain
  • sleep/wake cycles
  • dreaming
  • panic/ anger
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5
Q

Medulla

A
  • in the hindbrain
  • breathing
  • heart rate & blood pressure
  • coughing/
    /swallowing/sneezing
  • vomiting
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6
Q

What is in the hindbrain?

A

Pons, Medulla, and Cerebellum

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7
Q

What is in the midbrain?

A

Periaqueductal gray (PAG), Substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area (VTA), superior colliculus, interior colliculus

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8
Q

What is in the forebrain?

A

dorsal and ventral striatum, hypothalamus, thalamus, dorsal and ventral hippocampus, amygdala, olfactory bulb,

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9
Q

How do drugs impact the cerebellum?

A

balance problems, difficulties in coordination, speech problems, visual problems, vertigo

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10
Q

Cortex

A
  • forebrain
  • higher processes in the human brain
  • memory
  • thinking
  • learning
  • problem solving
  • emotions
  • consciousness
  • functions related to senses
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11
Q

How do drugs impact the cortex?

A

memory issues, challenges with attention, emotional inadequacy, improper social behavior, inability to understand speech, speech problems, loss of muscle control over one side of the body

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12
Q

How do drugs impact the medulla?

A
  • damage to medulla is usually fatal
  • disruption to cardiovascular function, leads to paralysis or loss of sensation
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13
Q

Amygdala

A
  • forebrain
  • emotions (fear)
  • emotional learning
  • alcoholism
  • anxiety
  • PTSD
  • aggression
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14
Q

How do drugs impact the amygdala?

A

irritability, confusion, strong emotions

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15
Q

How do drugs impact the pons?

A

can alter sleep patterns, may cause paralysis in face, changes in heart rate and blood pressure

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16
Q

Dorsal Hippocampus

A
  • forebrain
  • spatial learning
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17
Q

Ventral Hippocampus

A
  • forebrain
  • emotional learning and memory
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18
Q

How do drugs impact the hippocampus

A

memory impairment, cognitive impairment, confusion, disorientation, emotional regulation, hallucination, seizures

19
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • forebrain
  • thermoregulation
  • hormone-driven behaviors
    reproduction, aggression, stress, response, social
  • hunger and satiety
20
Q

How do drugs impact the hypothalamus

A

appetite/eating behavior, body temp regulation, disruption in sleep patterns, increased sexual desire, anxiety

21
Q

Corpus callosum

A
  • movement control
  • cognitive functions
  • vision
22
Q

How do drugs impact the corpus callosum?

A

impaired cognitive function, clumsiness, altered sensory perception, difficulties in communication, emotional changes

23
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A
  • decision making
  • impulse control
  • perceiving consequences
  • judgement
24
Q

How do drugs impact the prefrontal cortex?

A

impaired executive function, impulsivity, impaired working memory, difficulty interpreting social cues, disrupted decision making, hallucinations

25
Q

Thalamus

A

relay station processing sensory information from many other organs to related cortical regions (except for smell)

26
Q

How do drugs impact the thalamus?

A

altered sensory perception, impaired consciousness, altered pain perception, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances

27
Q

Central sulcus

A
  • Plane of which all motor and sensory functions are topographically organized
  • Plays a role in the control of motor function and sensory perception
28
Q

How do drugs impact the central sulcus

A

motor impairments, sensory disturbances, impaired hand-eye coordination, speech and language impairments, seizures

29
Q

Precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex)

A
  • voluntary motor movements
30
Q

How do drugs impact the precentral gyrus?

A

motor impairments, changes in muscle tone, muscle spasms, changes in reflexes, impaired hand-eye coordination, speech and swallowing impairments

31
Q

postcentral gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex)

A
  • involuntary functions
32
Q

How do drugs impact the postcentral gyrus?

A

motor impairments, altered sensory memory perception, altered pain perception, sensory deficits, sensory hallucinations

33
Q

parieto-occipital fissure

A
  • marks the boundary between the parietal and occipital lobes
34
Q

how do drugs impact the parieto-occipital fissure?

A

visual disturbances, sensory perception changes, cognitive impairments, spatial awareness issues, altered emotional responses, difficulties coordinating movements

35
Q

4 lobes

A

frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe

36
Q

Frontal lobe

A
  • impulse control
  • decision making
  • motor control
37
Q

how do drugs impact the frontal lobe

A

impaired executive functioning, impulsivity, personality changes, emotional dysregulation, motor impairment

38
Q

parietal lobe

A
  • touch
  • sensory stimulation
  • pain
39
Q

how to drugs impact the parietal lobe?

A

spatial awareness and coordination problems, sensory disturbances, body image disturbances, attention/concentration problems, cognitive/visual disturbances

40
Q

temporal lobe

A
  • language
  • hearing center
  • speech production
41
Q

how do drugs impact the temporal lobe?

A

auditory disturbances, hallucination, memory impairments, language/communication difficulties, altered social behavior

42
Q

occipital lobe

A
  • processes visual stimuli
  • visual memory
  • object recognition
43
Q

how to drugs impact the occipital lobe?

A

visual disturbances, impaired visual activity, sensitivity to light, impaired visual memory

Biopsychology (2 decks)

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