Brain

Question 1

Ventral Tegmental Area

Answer 1

• in the midbrain
• controls motivation and reward processing

Question 2

How do drugs impact the ventral tegmental area?

Answer 2

• euphoria, increased motivation, drug seeking behavior, impaired decision making, restlessness, hyperactivity

Question 3

Cerebellum

Answer 3

• in the hindbrain
• balance
• motor coordination

Question 4

Pons

Answer 4

• in the hindbrain
• sleep/wake cycles
• dreaming
• panic/ anger

Question 5

Medulla

Answer 5

• in the hindbrain
• breathing
• heart rate & blood pressure
• coughing/
  /swallowing/sneezing
• vomiting

Question 6

What is in the hindbrain?

Answer 6

Pons, Medulla, and Cerebellum

Question 7

What is in the midbrain?

Answer 7

Periaqueductal gray (PAG), Substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area (VTA), superior colliculus, interior colliculus

Question 8

What is in the forebrain?

Answer 8

dorsal and ventral striatum, hypothalamus, thalamus, dorsal and ventral hippocampus, amygdala, olfactory bulb,

Question 9

How do drugs impact the cerebellum?

Answer 9

balance problems, difficulties in coordination, speech problems, visual problems, vertigo

Question 10

Cortex

Answer 10

• forebrain
• higher processes in the human brain
• memory
• thinking
• learning
• problem solving
• emotions
• consciousness
• functions related to senses

Question 11

How do drugs impact the cortex?

Answer 11

memory issues, challenges with attention, emotional inadequacy, improper social behavior, inability to understand speech, speech problems, loss of muscle control over one side of the body

Question 12

How do drugs impact the medulla?

Answer 12

• damage to medulla is usually fatal
• disruption to cardiovascular function, leads to paralysis or loss of sensation

Question 13

Amygdala

Answer 13

• forebrain
• emotions (fear)
• emotional learning
• alcoholism
• anxiety
• PTSD
• aggression

Question 14

How do drugs impact the amygdala?

Answer 14

irritability, confusion, strong emotions

Question 15

How do drugs impact the pons?

Answer 15

can alter sleep patterns, may cause paralysis in face, changes in heart rate and blood pressure

Question 16

Dorsal Hippocampus

Answer 16

• forebrain
• spatial learning

Question 17

Ventral Hippocampus

Answer 17

• forebrain
• emotional learning and memory

Question 18

How do drugs impact the hippocampus

Answer 18

memory impairment, cognitive impairment, confusion, disorientation, emotional regulation, hallucination, seizures

Question 19

Hypothalamus

Answer 19

• forebrain
• thermoregulation
• hormone-driven behaviors
  reproduction, aggression, stress, response, social
• hunger and satiety

Question 20

How do drugs impact the hypothalamus

Answer 20

appetite/eating behavior, body temp regulation, disruption in sleep patterns, increased sexual desire, anxiety

Question 21

Corpus callosum

Answer 21

• movement control
• cognitive functions
• vision

Question 22

How do drugs impact the corpus callosum?

Answer 22

impaired cognitive function, clumsiness, altered sensory perception, difficulties in communication, emotional changes

Question 23

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 23

• decision making
• impulse control
• perceiving consequences
• judgement

Question 24

How do drugs impact the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 24

impaired executive function, impulsivity, impaired working memory, difficulty interpreting social cues, disrupted decision making, hallucinations

Question 25

Thalamus

Answer 25

relay station processing sensory information from many other organs to related cortical regions (except for smell)

Question 26

How do drugs impact the thalamus?

Answer 26

altered sensory perception, impaired consciousness, altered pain perception, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances

Question 27

Central sulcus

Answer 27

- Plane of which all motor and sensory functions are topographically organized - Plays a role in the control of motor function and sensory perception

Question 28

How do drugs impact the central sulcus

Answer 28

motor impairments, sensory disturbances, impaired hand-eye coordination, speech and language impairments, seizures

Question 29

Precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex)

Answer 29

- voluntary motor movements

Question 30

How do drugs impact the precentral gyrus?

Answer 30

motor impairments, changes in muscle tone, muscle spasms, changes in reflexes, impaired hand-eye coordination, speech and swallowing impairments

Question 31

postcentral gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex)

Answer 31

- involuntary functions

Question 32

How do drugs impact the postcentral gyrus?

Answer 32

motor impairments, altered sensory memory perception, altered pain perception, sensory deficits, sensory hallucinations

Question 33

parieto-occipital fissure

Answer 33

- marks the boundary between the parietal and occipital lobes

Question 34

how do drugs impact the parieto-occipital fissure?

Answer 34

visual disturbances, sensory perception changes, cognitive impairments, spatial awareness issues, altered emotional responses, difficulties coordinating movements

Question 35

4 lobes

Answer 35

frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe

Question 36

Frontal lobe

Answer 36

- impulse control - decision making - motor control

Question 37

how do drugs impact the frontal lobe

Answer 37

impaired executive functioning, impulsivity, personality changes, emotional dysregulation, motor impairment

Question 38

parietal lobe

Answer 38

- touch - sensory stimulation - pain

Question 39

how to drugs impact the parietal lobe?

Answer 39

spatial awareness and coordination problems, sensory disturbances, body image disturbances, attention/concentration problems, cognitive/visual disturbances

Question 40

temporal lobe

Answer 40

- language - hearing center - speech production

Question 41

how do drugs impact the temporal lobe?

Answer 41

auditory disturbances, hallucination, memory impairments, language/communication difficulties, altered social behavior

Question 42

occipital lobe

Answer 42

- processes visual stimuli - visual memory - object recognition

Question 43

how to drugs impact the occipital lobe?

Answer 43

visual disturbances, impaired visual activity, sensitivity to light, impaired visual memory