Brain

Question 1

Parts of the cerebellum

Answer 1

Grey matter -
cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei - involuntary control of body movement
White Matter-
Arbor vitae -cerebellar cortex/nuclei to peduncles
Cerebellar peduncles
Superior -cerebellum to the midbrain
Middle -communicate cerebellum and pons
Inferior - cerebellum with the medulla (pg 480)

Question 2

Components of the brainstem

Answer 2

Diencephalon
Thalmus (sensory and
Hypothalamus (emotions, autonomic fx, and hormone production)
Midbrain - visual and auditory, reflexive somatic, consciousness
Pons- sensory info to cerebellum and thalamus
Medulla Oblongata - sensory to thalamus/brainstem; autonomic visceral function (pg.467)

Question 3

The location of the subarachnoid space

Answer 3

between dura mater and pia mater (pg.470)

Question 4

Function of the medulla oblongata

Answer 4

Most inferior in brainstem
Olivary Complex- info to red nucleus, midbrain and cerebral cortex
Reflex Center
Cardio - heart rate and force of contraction
Respiratory - Basic pace
Gracile/Cuneate Nucleus - somatic info to thalamus
Nuclei Centers - (part of nerve VIII, IX, X, part of XI, XII)
Reticular formation - vital autonomic function (from the pons to midbrain) pg.476

Question 5

The function of the cerebral cortex

Answer 5

Frontal Lobe - primary motor (voluntary skeletal muscle control)
Parietal Lobe- Primary Somatosensory Cortex (touch, pressure, pain, taste, temperature)
Occipital - Visual cortex
Temporal - Auditory and Olfactory (hearing and smell)
*All areas process and sensory data and start of motor function) pg. 490

Question 6

Components of white matter in spinal cord

Answer 6

Large # myelinated /unmyelinated axons (pg.462)

Question 7

Cerebrum specialization

Answer 7

LARGEST brain region
motor, sensory(and association areas) higher mental function pg.486

Question 8

Types of aphasia

Answer 8

aphasia - inability to speak or read
Global aphasia - more extensive damage to language areas or associated areas
Dyslexia - trouble with comprehension of written words (pg.493)

Question 9

Fx of the reticular formation

Answer 9

Mass of grey and white matter; controls autonomic, endocrine, body posture, skeletomuscular activity, alertness, and sleep (pg.474)
Incoming sensations and outgoing motor commands (pg.477)

Question 10

Function of the basal nuclei

Answer 10

subconscious control of muscle tone and learned movement (pg.478)

Question 11

Name of tracts for voluntary movement

Answer 11

Corticobulbar, Lateral/Anterior Coritcospinal (pg.531)

Question 12

Function of visual association area

Answer 12

Occipital Lobe (pg.491-492)
Monitors activity in visual cortex

Question 13

Function of prefrontal cortex

Answer 13

Coordinates info for the cortical association areas (abstract intellectual functions- intense feeling center i.e. anxiety, frustration) pg. 492

Question 14

What can and cannot permeate the blood-brain barrier (BBB)

Answer 14

Separates nerve tissue from general circulation
CAN: lipid-soluble compounds (CO2, O2, Ammonia, lipids, steroids, prostaglandins, small alcohols)
CAN NOT: water and ions, larger water-soluble compounds (pg.473)

Question 15

Structures that make up the limbic system

Answer 15

Gyri (superficial folds):
Cingulate - superior portion, above corpus callosum
Dentate - posterior, surrounds Hippocampus
Parahippocampal - inferior portion,
Hippocampus- inside dentate
Diencephalic
Thalmus-anterior nuclei
Hypothalamus - mammillary body

Question 16

Components of normal CSF

Answer 16

Amino acids, lipids, and waste (varies due to free exchange between interstitial fluid of the brain and CSF) pg. 471

Question 17

Function of CSF

Answer 17

> Support the brain
Cushioning against trauma
Transporting nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste

Question 18

Function of the hypothalamus

Answer 18

Emotions and visceral autonomic functions of the cerebrum and brain stem

Question 19

20. Function of the pons

Answer 19

Sensory info from cerebellum and thalamus (pg.467)
Sensory/motor nuclei for cranial nerves: (pg. 477)
V(trigeminal),VI(abducens),VII(facial),VIII(vestibulocochlear - shared with medulla)

Question 20

Components of the midbrain

Answer 20

Tectum - the roof of midbrain
Superior Colliculi
Inferior Colliculi
Substantia Nigra
Red nucleus
Reticular Formation
Cranial nerves III and IV (pg. 479)
Peduncles - connects primary motor cortex with brain and spinal motor neurons; carries sensory info to the thalamus

Question 21

Location of primary auditory cortex

Answer 21

temporal lobe (pg.604)

Question 22

The function of the frontal association area

Answer 22

Sensory Association Area - interpret information from various areas of the cortex
Somatosensory association - monitors primary (light touch)
Visual association -patterns and activity (c.a.r.= car)
Auditory association = word recognition (hearing)
Premotor/Somatic motor association: learned movement (pg.492)

Question 23

Components of the diencephalon

Answer 23

Thalamus - relays/interprets sensory info
Hypothalamus - emotions, autonomic function, hormones (pg.467)

Question 24

Function of the cerebellum

Answer 24

Complex somatic motor patterns

Question 25

Location of premotor area for speech (

Answer 25

Left Cerebral Hemisphere
Wernicke’s area - near auditory complex (language comprehension)
Broca’s area - near motor cortex, speech production