Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CM Week 2 > Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Where do all the major nerves that innervate the upper limb originate?

A

brachial plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the brachial plexus and how is it formed?

A

somatic plexus formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 to C8 and T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the path of the brachial plexus from origin to end.

A

It originates in the neck, passes laterally and inferior over rib 1 enters the axilla and associates with the axillary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the parts of the brachial plexus from proximal to distal?

A

roots, trunks, divisions, cords and terminal branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 2 functions do the terminal branches provide?

A

Motor innervation to the muscles of the upper limb sensory innervation to specific regions of the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens when a nerve is completely severed at a particular location?

A

function of the nerve proximal to the injury is normal and the function of the nerve distal to the injury is lost, resulting in loss of muscle function and regions of numbness on the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What terminal branch of the lateral cord immediately enters the anterior compartment of the arm and runs between the brachialis and biceps brachii?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the path of the median nerve.

A

is a terminal branch from the lateral and median cords in the axilla and runs distally in association with the brachial artery in the medial aspect of the arm. Crosses anterior to the elbow join and enters the forearm. The upper part of the forearm the median nerve gives off a deep branch (anterior interosseous n.) and continues through the forearm into the hand through the carpal tunnel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In the upper part of the forearm the median nerves gives off a deep branch of what nerve?

A

anterior interosseous nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the path of the ulnar nerve.

A

a terminal branch of the medial cord that runs distally in association with the brachial artery and median nerve in the medial aspect of the arm. The nerve passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus and enters the forearm. The nerve travels down the medial aspect of the forearm close to the ulna and divides into a superficial and deep branch of the wrist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What nerve is a terminal branch of the posterior cord that exits through the posterior wall of the axilla and passes posterior to the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the path of the radial nerve.

A

terminal branch of the posterior cord that passes out the axilla into the posterior compartment of the arm in close association to the posterior aspect of the shaft of the humerus. The nerve enters the forearm posterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and travels to the posterior aspect of the hand. As it travels through the forearm it gives off a deep branch the posterior interosseous nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What deep branch comes off the radial nerve as it passes through the forearm?

A

posterior interosseous nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Loss of a nerve to a muscle results in what?

A

atrophy/disuse of that muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Movement that is accomplished by 2 or more muscles innervated by different nerves will result in what when only one of the nerves is damaged?

A

weakness of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Movement that is accomplished by muscles that are all innervated by the same nerve will result in what when the nerve is damaged?

A

completely loss of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Loss of muscle function nearly always results in what?

A

opposite function/motion being dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In addition to motor deficits injury to a nerve is often associated with what?

A

sensory loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 most common injuries to the axillary nerve?

A

anterior dislocation of the humerus and a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most common site of injury to the radial nerve?

A

midshaft fractures of the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the motor and sensory deficits with anterior dislocation fo the glenohumeral joint and fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

Motor: weakness of the arm abduction Sensory: lateral shoulder and upper arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the motor and sensory deficits with mid shaft fracture of the humerus?

A

Motor: loss of wrist and digit extension, weakness of hand and forearm supination sensory: posterior arm and forearm and dorsal of hand.

23
Q

What are the most common injuries to the median nerve?

A

fractures of the elbow and distal humerus or within the carpal tunnel (carpal tunnel syndrome)

24
Q

What are the motor and sensory deficits with a supraepicondylar fracture of the humerus?

A

Motor: weakness of wrist flexion, loss of index and middle finger flexion, weakness of thumb abduction, loss of thumb opposition and flexion, loss of pronation Sensory: palmar aspect of thumb, Palma r and dorsal aspect of index, middle and half of ring finger.

25
Q

What are the motor and sensory deficits in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Motor: weakness of thumb abduction and flexion, loss of thumb opposition. Sensory: palmar aspect of thumb, palmar and dorsal aspect of index middle and half of ring finger.

26
Q

What are the most common injuries to the anterior interosseous nerve?

A

lesion may occur with sparing of the main median nerve due to compression by nearby muscles or from fracture of the forearm

27
Q

What are the motor and sensory deficits of middle forearm fracture (anterior interosseous syndrome)?

A

Motor: weakness of thumb flexion, loss of flexion of the DIP joint of the index and middle finger, weakness of pronation Sensory: none

28
Q

What are the common injuries to the ulnar nerve?

A

fractures of the medial epicondyle or compression of the nerve against the bone or with fractures or lacerations of the ventral medial side of the wrist.

29
Q

What are the motor and sensory deficits of entrapment at the elbow or medial epicondyle fracture?

A

Motor: loss of finger abduction and adduction, loss of thumb adduction, loss of DIP joint flexion of 4th and 5th digits. Sensory: medial aspect of the hand and most of the 4th and 5th digits.

30
Q

What are the motor and sensory deficits of wrist fracture or laceration?

A

Motor: Loss of finger abduction and adduction, loss of thumb adduction. Sensory: Medial aspect of the hand and most of the 4th and 5th digits.

31
Q

Lesions of what brachial plexus nerve are not common but can occur?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

32
Q

What are the motor and sensory deficits of a proximal lesion on the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Motor: weakness of forearm flexion, weakness of forearm and hand supination, weakness of arm flexion. Sensory: lateral forearm

33
Q

What are the motor and sensory deficits of a distal lesion on the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Motor: most likely none. Sensory: lateral forearm

34
Q

What are the 2 most common injuries to the brachial plexus and where do they occur?

A

upper brachial plexus injury and lower brachial plexus injury and they occur at the roots of the plexus.

35
Q

What is the most common cause of an upper brachial plexus injury?

A

birth injury or fall on the shoulder and involve the musculocutaneous, axilla and suprascapular nerves.

36
Q

What is the most common cause of an lower brachial plexus injury?

A

birth injury or a severe abduction of the arm and primary involves the ulnar nerve.

37
Q

What nerve is injured based on this physical exam finding?

A

right median nerve

38
Q

What nerve is injured based on this physical exam finding?

A

anterior interosseous nerve

39
Q

What nerve is injured based on this physical exam finding

A

right ulnar nerve

40
Q

What causes this upper limb deformity?

A

upper brachial plexus injury- Erb’s palsy

41
Q

What causes this upper limb deformity?

A

lower brahcial plexus injury - Klumpke’s Palsy

42
Q

Where does the vascular supply to the upper limb originate?

A

subclavian artery in the inferior part of the neck. The subclavian continues posterior to the clavicle to enter the axilla where it changes its name and becomes the axillary artery

43
Q

Which subclavian artery branch in the neck plays an important role in the collateral circulation of the shoulder?

A

thyrocervical trunk

44
Q

What are the 5 branches of the axillary artery in the axilla?

A

superior thoracic, thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular, anterior humeral circumflex, and psoterior humeral circumflex.

45
Q

Where does the major branch of the deep brachial artery supply?

A

The posterior compartment of the arm

46
Q

Where does the brachial artery split into the radial and ulnar arteries?

A

anterior to the elbow

47
Q

What are present around the shoulder, elbow, hand and wrist joints that allow to bypass any blockages of the main arteries and still get blood suply to the hand?

A

collateral branches

48
Q

What allows for planned ligation of the main artery at specific locations that would not result in serious consequences for the limb?

A

collateral branches

49
Q

Blockages of the axillary artery between the origings of the thyrocervical trunch and subscapular arteries may be bypasses by _____ between branches of the _____ and branches of the _____

A

anatomoses, thyrocervical trunk, subscapular artery

50
Q

What composes the branches thyrocervical trunk?

A

suprascapular artery, transverse cervical and dorsal scapular artery

51
Q

What are the branches of the subscapular artery?

A

circumflex artery

52
Q

Blockages of the brachial artery between teh origin of the superior and inferior ulnar collaterals and the bifurcation of the brachial artery may be bypassed by ___________ between collateral branches of the ______ and _____ arteries and the _____ and ____________ arteries

A

anatomoses, radial and ulnar, brachial and deep brachial

53
Q

Blockages of either the radial or ulnar artery in teh distal forearm may be bypassed by the ______ established between these two arteries through the _____ and _________ arches

A

anastomoses, superficial and deep palmer

CM Week 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions