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PNS exam 3 > Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Brachial Plexus Flashcards

0
Q

What is the brachial plexus formed by?

A

anterior primary rami of C5-T1, and occasionally some of C4 and/or T2

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1
Q

What does the brachial plexus supply?

A

Upper extremities

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2
Q

Where does the Brachial Plexus travel?

A

over the first rib into the axilla

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3
Q

Directionally how does the brachial plexus travel?

A

medial to lateral

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4
Q

What are the subdivisions of the plexus in order?

A

roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal nerves

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5
Q

What does each root receive from the sympathetic trunk?

A

Gray Ramus Communicans

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6
Q

What do the roots pass between before reaching into the posterior triangle?

A

Anterior and Middle scalene muscles

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7
Q

Where are the roots located?

A

Posterior and superior to the subclavian artery

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8
Q

What roots form the superior trunk?

A

C5&C6

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9
Q

What roots combine to form the middle trunk?

A

C7 only

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10
Q

What roots combine to form the inferior trunk?

A

C8&T1

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11
Q

What do trunks pass over before reaching the axilla?

A

Rib 1

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12
Q

What does each trunk split into?

A

Anterior and posterior divisions

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13
Q

What does the anterior division supply?

A

Anterior compartments of the arm and forearm

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14
Q

What does the posterior division supply?

A

Posterior compartments of the arm and forearm

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15
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus named in relation to?

A

axillary artery

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16
Q

The anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks forms what?

A

lateral cord

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17
Q

lateral cord contains fibers from what?

A

C5, C6, C7

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18
Q

Where does the lateral cord lay to the 2nd part of the axillary artery?

A

lateral

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19
Q

What cord is formed by the anterior division of the inferior trunk?

A

medial cord

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20
Q

Where does the medial cord lie to the 2nd part of the axillary artery?

A

Medial

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21
Q

What does the medial cord contain fibers from?

A

C8 & T1

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22
Q

What is formed by the union of the posterior division of all 3 trunks?

A

Posterior cord

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23
Q

Posterior cord contains fibers from where?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1

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24
Q

Where does the posterior cord lie in relation to the 2nd part of the axillary artery?

A

posterior

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25
Q

What nerves are formed from the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

Long thoracic nerve

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26
Q

What root does the dorsal scapular nerve branch off of?

A

C5 root

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27
Q

Dorsal Scapular nerve receives fibers from where?

A

C5 only

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28
Q

What muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve supply?

A

Levator scapula, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

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29
Q

The levator scapula also receives fibers from where?

A

C3 & C4

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30
Q

Long thoracic nerve is formed by which roots

A

C5, C6, C7

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31
Q

Long thoracic nerve contains fibers from where

A

C5, C6, C7

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32
Q

Long thoracic nerve supplies what muscle

A

Serratus anterior

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33
Q

Which nerves branch off of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus

A

Suprascapular nerve, nerve of the subclavius

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34
Q

Where do the fibers come from, that supply the suprascapular nerve

A

C5 and C6

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35
Q

Suprascapular nerve supplies what muscles?

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus

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36
Q

Nerve to the subclavius receives fibers from where

A

C5 and C6

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37
Q

Nerve to the subclavius supplies what muscle

A

Subclavius

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38
Q

What nerves branch off of the lateral cord

A

lateral pectoral nerve, and musculocutaneous nerve

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39
Q

The lateral pectoral nerve contains fibers from where

A

C5, C6, C7

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40
Q

What muscle is supplied by the lateral pectoral nerve

A

pectoralis major

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41
Q

The pectoralis major receives innervation from where

A

Lateral pectoral nerve, and medial pectoral nerve

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42
Q

What are the names of the two terminal branches of the lateral cord

A

musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve

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43
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve contains fibers from where

A

C5, C6, C7

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44
Q

What muscles are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve

A

coracobrachialis, biceps brachii (both heads), brachialis

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45
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve supplies the coracobrachialis and inserts where

A

nerve pierces belly of muscle

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46
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve continues between biceps brachii and brachialis into the forearm to become what

A

lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

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47
Q

What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply

A

Skin over lateral aspect of the forearm (not on the hand)

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48
Q

Branches of the medial cord

A

Medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of the arm, medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm, ulnar nerve

49
Q

Medial pectoral nerve contains fibers from where

A

C8, T1

50
Q

Medial pectoral nerve supplies what muscles

A

pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

51
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve of arm contains fibers from where

A

C8 and T1

52
Q

Mediall cutaneous nerve of arm ramifies where

A

axilla

53
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve of arm supplies what

A

skin of medial arm between the axilla and the elbow

54
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve receives some fiber from T2 through a communication with what nerve

A

intercostobrachial nerve

55
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm contains fibers from where

A

C8 and T1

56
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm leaves the medial cord __________ to the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm

A

distal

57
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm supplies

A

skin over biceps brachii

58
Q

Terminal branches of the medial cord

A

ulnar nerve and median nerve

59
Q

Ulnar nerve contains fibers from where

A

C8, T1, and sometimes C7

60
Q

Ulnar nerve travels ________ to the brachial artery

A

medial

61
Q

Brachial artery and ulnar artery are located in what structure

A

medial bicipital sulcus

62
Q

Does the ulnar nerve branch in the arm

A

no

63
Q

Ulnar nerve crosses the elbow on the _______ side of the _________ in the sulcus for the ulnar nerve

A

Posterior side, medial epicondyle

64
Q

When ulnar nerve is hit, it is commonly called what

A

funny bone

65
Q

Ulnar nerve continues into the forearm between what structure

A

2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris

66
Q

Ulnar nerve innervates what muscle in the forearm

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, medial 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus

67
Q

Ulnar nerve gives off what 2 sensory branches in the forearm

A

dorsal branch

palmar branch

68
Q

Dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve supplies what

A

skin on the ulnar side of the posterior hand

69
Q

Palmar branch of the ulnar nerve supplies what

A

skin over the hypothenar eminence

70
Q

Ulnar nerve travels where

A

deep to flexor carpi ulnaris to the wrist
passes superficial to the flexor retinaculum
and divides into branches

71
Q

Ulnar nerve divides into 2 branches

A

superficial

deep

72
Q

Superficial branch of the ulnar nerve divides into what

A

3 terminal branches (proper palmer branches)

73
Q

Terminal branches of the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve supply what

A

palmar aspect of the little finger, and medial half of the ring finger

74
Q

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve in the hand curves towards what structure

A

thenar eminance

75
Q

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve gives off branches to supply what

A

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi, adductor pollicis, deep head of flexor pollicis brevis, all interossei (dorsal and palmar), lumbricals 3 & 4

76
Q

Clinical considerations of the ulnar nerve

A

claw hand

77
Q

Lateral cord and medial cord contribute to what nerve

A

median nerve

78
Q

Median nerve contains fibers from

A

C6, C7, C8, T1

79
Q

Median nerve travels through arm in what structure

A

medial bicipital sulcus

80
Q

What branches does the median nerve give off

A

none

81
Q

Median nerve crosses the elbow on the anterior side and enters the forearm after passing between what structure

A

2 heads of the pronator teres

82
Q

Median nerve innervates what muscles

A

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superior, pronator quadratus

83
Q

Median nerve innervates muscles by way of what

A

anterior interosseous nerve of the forearm (which is given off of the median nerve in the elbow)

84
Q

The palmer branch of the median nerve is given off where

A

distal third of the forearm

85
Q

Palmer branch of the median nerve supplies what

A

the skin of the thenar eminence, lateral wrist, and palm

86
Q

Median nerve passes through what before dividing into 3 common palmer digital nerves

A

carpal tunnel

87
Q

Common palmar digital nerve supplies what

A

first 2 lumbricals

88
Q

Branches of the first common palmar digital nerve supply

A

abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis (superior head), opponens pollicis

89
Q

Each common palmar digital nerve splits into what nerve

A

proper palmar digital nerve

90
Q

The proper palmar digital nerve deals with what function

A

sensory only

91
Q

The proper palmar digital nerve supplies what

A

skin over the lateral 3 1/2 digits

92
Q

Median nerve supplies what

A

periosteum, elbow, radiocarpal and midcarpal joints

93
Q

Median nerve usually communicates with what other nerve at the wrist

A

ulnar nerve

94
Q

Clinical considerations of the median nerve

A

hand of oath/benediction
carpal tunnel syndrome
unable to pronate hand

95
Q

Branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A

superior subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, inferior subscapullar nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve

96
Q

Superior subscapular nerve contains fibers from where

A

C5 and C6

97
Q

Superior subscapular nerve supplies what muscle

A

subscapularis

98
Q

Thoracodorsal nerve contains fibers from where

A

C6, C7 & C8

99
Q

Thoracodorsal nerve travels along posterior axillary wall to supply what muscle

A

latissimus dorsi

100
Q

Inferior subscapular nerve contains fibers from where

A

C5, C6

101
Q

Inferior subscapular nerve supplies what muscles

A

subscapularis & teres major

102
Q

Axillary nerve contains fibers from where

A

C5 & C6

103
Q

Axillary nerve travels ________ around the surgical neck of the humerus

A

posterior

104
Q

Axillary nerve supplies which muscles

A

deltoid, and teres minor

105
Q

What is the name of the sensory branch that is given off at the same level that the branch to the teres minor is given

A

superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

106
Q

Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm supplies what

A

lateral shoulder and upper arm

107
Q

radial nerve contains fibers from where

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, and sometimes T1

108
Q

Radial nerve supplies which muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm

A

all muscles

109
Q

Radial nerve spirals around to the posterior of humerus from what structure

A

medial bicipital sulcus

110
Q

Radial nerve passes into the forearm on the anterior side of the elbow after traveling between what muscles

A

brachialis, and brachioradialis

111
Q

Radial nerve divides into what 2 branches at the level of the radial nerve

A

superficial branch

deep branch

112
Q

The deep branch of the radial nerve terminates as what nerve

A

posterior interosseous nerve

113
Q

The posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm supplies what

A

narrow area of skin on the lateral side of the posterior forearm

114
Q

Branches given off at the level of the lateral epicondyle supplies what muscles

A

brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus

115
Q

Once in the forearm, the radial nerve splits into what branches

A

superior branch

deep branch

116
Q

Superficial branch of the radial nerve travels to the hand and gives off what nerve

A

dorsal digital nerve

117
Q

The superficial branch of the radial nerve also gives off what branch

A

the communicating branch (with the ulnar nerve)

118
Q

The terminal branch of the deep branch of the radial nerve is called what

A

posterior interosseous nerve

119
Q

Posterior interosseous nerve supplies what muscles

A

external pollicis longus

external indicis

120
Q

Clinical considerations about radial nerve

A

drop wrist

triceps and brachioradials reflexes

121
Q

Brachial plexus injuries

A

supraclavicular –> erb duchenne

Infraclavicular –> Klumpke

PNS exam 3 (6 decks)

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