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Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Brachial plexus is a part of which nervous system?

A

Peripheral

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2
Q

Brachial plexus passed through which region of upper limb?

A

Axilla

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3
Q

Brachial plexus begins in the?

A

Neck

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4
Q

Roots of brachial plexus are forrmed by?

A

(VR)

Anterior/ventral rami of spinal nerves (C5 - T1)

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5
Q

What vertebrae form the root of brachial plexus? How many roots?

A

There are 5 roots that originate from:
(C5 - T1)

C5
C6
C7
C8
T1

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6
Q

What are the different levels of brachial plexus?

A

((Read That Damn Chemistry Book))

Roots (C5 - T1)
Trunk (superior,middle,inferior)
Divisions (anterior, posterior)
Cords (lateral, posterior, medial)
Branches (MAMRU)
(1. Muculocutaneous nerve
2. Axillary nerve
3. Median nerve
4. Radial nerve
5. Ulnar nerve)

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7
Q

What is the origin of anterior rami of spinal nerves?

A

Spinal nerves arise from spinal cord
|
Pass through intervertebral foramen on either side of vertebral column
|
Divide into anterior ramus and posterior ramus

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8
Q

What are the mnemonics for the branches of brachial plexus from 3 cords?

A

Rugby players are:

  1. Long Legged Movers — (lateral cord)
  2. Make Many Moves Using Muscles — (medial cord)
  3. ULTRA competitive —(posterior cord)
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9
Q

What are the branches of lateral cord of brachial plexus?

A

Rugby players are:
((Long Legged Movers))

Lateral pectoral nerve
Lateral branch of median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve

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10
Q

What are the branches of medial cord of brachial plexus?

A

Rugby players:
((Make Many Moves Using Muscles))

Medial brachial cutaneous nerve (upper arm)
Medial antibrachial cutaneous nerve (forearm)
Medial pectoral nerve
Ulnar nerve
Medial root of median nerve

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11
Q

What are the branches of posterior cord of brachial plexus

A

Rugby players are:
ULTRA competitive

Upper subscapular nerve
Lower subscapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Radial nerve
Axillary nerve

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12
Q

Origin of radial and ulnar nerve from cords of brachial plexus?

A

Radial nerve - posterior cord
Ulnar nerve - medial cord

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13
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves and cervical vertebrae?

A

Cervical vertebrae - 7
Cervical spinal nerve - 8

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14
Q

What are the nerves that originate from roots of brachial plexus?

A
  1. Dorsal scapular nerve:

(C5)
Innervates:
1.Rhomboid muscles
2. Levator scapula

  1. Long Thoracic nerve:

(C5
C6
C7)
Innervates:
Serratus anterior muscle

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15
Q

The nerves that arise from upper trunk of brachial plexus?

A
  1. Suprascapular nerve

(C5
C6)
Innervates:
1.Supraspinatous
2.Infraspinatous

  1. Nerve to subclavius

(C5
C6)
Innervates:
Subclavius

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16
Q

Brachial plexus is present in neck between which two muscles and which artery passes between them?

A
  1. Anterior & Middle scalene muscle
  2. Subclavian artery passed between them
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17
Q

What is interscalene block?

A

The interscalene block (ISB)anesthetizes the brachial plexus at the level of the nerve roots, and is used for surgery of the upper arm, shoulder, and neck.

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18
Q

Where is interscalene block injected?

A

space between the anterior and middle scalene muscles in the neck to block the nerves that provide sensation to the shoulder and arm.

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19
Q

Anterior division of brachial plexus innervates what muscles?
And posterior division?

A

Anterior - flexors
Posterior - extensors

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20
Q

Cords that are formed by anterior division of brachial plexus?

A
  1. Lateral cord
  2. Medial cord

(Both supply to anterior compartment)

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21
Q

Cords that are formed by posterior division of brachial plexus?

A

Posterior cord

(Supplies posterior compartment)

22
Q

How many terminal nerves? Names?

A

5 terminal nerves - where the cords terminate:
(MAMRU)

  1. Musculocutaneous nerve
  2. Axillary nerve
  3. Median nerve
  4. Radial nerve
  5. Ulnar nerve
23
Q

What are medial cutaneous nerves responsible for?

A

Sensation of skin of upper arm and forearm

24
Q

Upper and lower subscapular nerve supply?

A

Upper and lower - subscapularis
Lower - teres major

25
Q

Thoracodorsal nerve innervates?

A

Latissimus dorsi

26
Q

Brachial plexus passes over or under the 1st rib?
And in terms of clavicle?

A

It passes over the 1st rib and goes underneath the clavicle to enter the axilla

27
Q

Which part (level) of brachial plexus has no nerves coming off it?

28
Q

Divisions of brachial plexus pass in terms of clavicle?

A

Underneath to it

29
Q

Which part of brachial plexus lies in axilla?

A

Cords (lateral, posterior, medial)
In relation to axillary artery

30
Q

Functions of terminal branches of brachial plexus?

A

1.musculocutaneous nerve

Flexors of anterior compartment of upperarm
(Biceps brachii,
Choracobrachialis,
Brachialis)

  1. Axillary nerve

Innervates
1. Deltoid muscle
2. Teres minor

  1. Median nerve

1.Innervates all muscles which ulnar muscle doesn’t
(So all except:
Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus)
2. Some Intrinsic muscles of hands:
thenar muscles
Lateral 2 lumbricals
3.lateral half of hand
(Thumb, index and middle finger)

  1. Radial nerve

Innervates all muscles in
posterior compartment of arm and forearm

  1. Ulnar nerve

1.Intrinsic muscle of hand
(except:
thenarmuscles
Lateral 2 lumbricals) ——both of these are by median nerve)
2. Flexor carpi ulnaris
3. Flexor digitorum profundus (medial half)
4. Medial half of hand
(Little finger and ring finger)

31
Q

The largest terminal branch of brachial plexus?

A

Radial nerve

32
Q

The lateral cord is formed by which divisions?

A

1.The anterior division of superior trunk
2. The anterior division of middle trunk

33
Q

The posterior cord is formed by which division?

A

1.The posterior division of superior trunk
2. The posterior division of middle trunk
3. The posterior division of inferior trunk

34
Q

The medial cord is formed by which divisions?

A

1.The anterior division of inferior trunk

35
Q

The lateral cutaneous branch of forearm is formed by which terminal nerve? And what is its function?

A
  1. By Musculocutaeous nerve
  2. Innervates the lateral half of the anterior forearm
36
Q

Axillary nerve gives of which branch?
And what does that innervate?

A
  1. Forms superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
  2. Innervates inferior region of deltoid (regimental badge area)
37
Q

What is the sensory function of median nerve? i.e What branch does it give? And what is it function?

A

Forms

1.Palmar cutaneous branch
Innervates
Lateral part of palm

  1. Digital cutaneous branch
    Innervates
    Lateral 3 and a half fingers
    On the anterior surface of hand
38
Q

Brachial plexus should be dissected at?

A

M shape
Formed by:
1. Musculocutaneous nerve
2. Median nerve
3. Ulnar nerve

Superficial to axillary artery

39
Q

What is cadavers in anatomy?

A

In anatomy, cadavers refer to human bodies that have been donated for medical education and research purposes.

40
Q

What is palsy in anatomy?

A

In anatomy, palsy refers to a paralysis or weakness of a muscle or group of muscles.

41
Q

What is Erb’s palsy?

A

Upper Brachial Plexus injury (C5-C6)
affects the nerves responsible for controlling the arm and hand muscles.
It can cause weakness or paralysis of the arm and hand on one side of the body.

42
Q

What is plexus injury? Or Klumpke’s palsy? What nerves are most affected?

A

Injury to Lower Roots of Brachial plexus (C8- T1)

Nerves affected:

Derived from T1 root:
1.Ulnar nerve
2.Median nerve

43
Q

What muscles are affected in Klumpke’s palsy?

A

The instrinsic hand muscles

44
Q

What are the primary features of Erb’s palsy and Klumpke’s palsy?

A

Erb’s palsy

Waiters tip-
Weakly flexed wrist

Klumpke’s palsy

Clawed hand -
Due to paralysis of lumbricals (flex MCP and extend IP joints) so when paralysed fingers
flex at MCP
Extend at IP —– Clawed appearance

45
Q

What nerves are affected in erb’s palsy?

A

(MASS)

Derived from C5 and C6 roots:

  1. Musculocutaneous
  2. Axillary
  3. Suprascapular
  4. Subclavius
46
Q

What muscles are affected in Erb’s palsy?

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Of Anterior compartment of upper arm (BCB)
  4. Deltoid
  5. Teres minor
47
Q

Symptoms of erb’s palsy?

A

The most common symptoms of Erb’s palsy include:

Arm hangs limply by the side and wrist rotates inward (waiter’s tip)

• Medial rotation of limb - (unopposed action of pectoralis major)
• Forearm pronated- (loss of biceps brachii)

Decreased grip strength.

Limited motion of the arm.

Numbness in arm.

Partial or total paralysis of the arm.

Weakness in the arm.

48
Q

What is the clinical relevance of brachial plexus?

A
  1. Erb’s palsy -
    • upper brachial plexus injury (C5-C6)
    • paralysis of arm
  2. Klumpke’s palsy -
    • lower brachial plexus injury (C8 - T1)
    • paralysics of forearm and hand muscles
49
Q

Only cranial nerve that supplies the upperlimb?

A

Spinal Accessory nerve

50
Q

Spinal accessory nerve runs down in the ________ of the neck on _______ muscle

A
  1. Posterior triangle of neck
  2. On Levator scapula
51
Q

The cervical nerves that accompany accessory nerve?

A

3rd and 4th cervical nerves

Anatomy Nerves Of Upper Limb (4 decks)

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