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Neuroanatomy > Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the brachial plexus formed from?

A

The ventral rami of C5-T1

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2
Q

Which roots converge to form the superior trunk?

A

C5 + C6

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3
Q

Which roots form the middle trunk?

A

C7

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4
Q

Which roots converge to form the inferior trunk?

A

C8 + T1

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5
Q

Which divisions is the lateral cord formed from?

A

Anterior division of the superior and middle trunk

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6
Q

Which divisions is the posterior cord formed from?

A

The posterior divisions of the superior, middle and inferior trunk

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7
Q

Which divisions is the medial cord formed from?

A

The anterior division of the inferior trunk

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8
Q

What are the 5 terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A

Remember MARMU
1. Musculocutaneous
2. Axillary
3. Radial
4. Median
5. Ulnar

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9
Q

What are nerves which branch off before the terminal branches called?

A

Preterminal (collateral) branches

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10
Q

Which cord and nerve roots does the median nerve arise from?

A

Arises from the lateral and medial cords
C5 - T1

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11
Q

Which muscles in the anterior forearm does the median nerve innervate?

A
  1. Flexor digitorum superficialis
  2. Pronator quadratus
  3. Flexor digitorum profundus (with ulnar nerve)
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12
Q

Which muscles in the hand does the median nerve innervate? - think LOAF

A

Lateral 2 lumbricals, opponens brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis

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13
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the median nerve?

A
  1. Palmar - lateral 3.5 digits and adjacent palm
  2. Dorsal - distal aspects of the lateral 3.5 digits (tips of these fingers)
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14
Q

Which cord and nerve roots does the musculocutaneous nerve arise from?

A

Arises from the lateral cord
C5 - C7

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15
Q

Which muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A
  1. Corabrachialis
  2. Biceps brachii
  3. Brachialis
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16
Q

Where is the sensory innervation of the musculocutaneous nerve located?

A

Lateral side of forearm

17
Q

Which cord and nerve roots does the axillary nerve arise from?

A

Arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
C5 - C6

18
Q

Which muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Teres minor
19
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the axillary nerve?

A
  1. glenohumeral joint
  2. skin covering the inferior portion of the deltoid (sergeants patch)
20
Q

Which cord and nerve roots does the radial nerve arise from?

A

Arises from the posterior cord
C5 - T1

21
Q

Which muscles does the radial nerve innervate?

A

All muscles of the posterior arm and forearm. This includes the tricpes brachii, anconeus, brachioradialis muscle and the wrist extensors and long muscles of the thumb

22
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the radial nerve?

A

Skin of the posterior forearm
Dorsal hand (back of hand) - lateral hand, thumb and proximal 2nd-4th digits (not the tips of these fingers)

23
Q

Which cord and nerve roots does the ulnar nerve arise from?

A

Arises from the medial cord
C8 - T1 (occasionally C7)

24
Q

Which muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A
  1. Flexor carpi ulnaris
  2. Ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus
  3. Most of the intrinsic muscles of the hand which aren’t innervated by the median nerve. This includes
    - palmaris brevis
    - lumbricals
    - hypothenar
    - interossei muscles
25
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the ulnar nerve?

A
  1. Palmar - medial 1.5 digits and adjacent palm
  2. Dorsal - medial 1.5 digits and adjacent skin of the back of the hand
26
Q

Nerve root at which level is responsible for shoulder abduction?

A
  1. movement = shoulder abduction
  2. muscle = deltoid
  3. nerve = axillary
  4. cord = posterior cord
  5. root = C5
27
Q

Nerve root at which level is responsible for elbow flexion?

A
  1. movement = elbow flexion
  2. muscle = biceps brachii
  3. nerve = musculocutaneous
  4. cord = lateral cord
  5. root = C6
28
Q

Nerve root at which level is responsible for elbow extension?

A
  1. movement = elbow extension
  2. muscle = triceps brachii
  3. nerve = radial
  4. cord = posterior cord
  5. root = C7
29
Q

Nerve root at which level is responsible for wrist extension?

A
  1. movement = wrist extension
  2. muscle = extensor carpi radialis
  3. nerve = radial
  4. cord = posterior cord
  5. root = C7/8
30
Q

Nerve root at which level is responsible for wrist flexion?

A
  1. movement = wrist flexion
  2. muscle = flexor carpi ulnaris
  3. nerve = ulnar
  4. cord = medial cord
  5. root = C7/8
31
Q

Nerve root at which level is responsible for finger flexion?

A
  1. movement = finger flexion
  2. muscle = FDS/FDP
  3. nerve = median (+ ulnar)
  4. cord = lateral and medial cords
  5. root = C8
32
Q

Nerve root at which level is responsible for finger extension?

A
  1. movement = finger extension
  2. muscle = extensor digitorum
  3. nerve = radial
  4. cord = posterior cord
  5. root = C8
33
Q

Nerve root at which level is responsible for finger abduction?

A
  1. movement = finger abduction
  2. muscle = dorsal interossei
  3. nerve = ulnar
  4. cord = medial cord
  5. root = T1
34
Q

Lesions in which nerves can cause scapular winging?

A

most common - long thoracic nerve
less common - accessory nerve
rare - dorsal scapular nerve

Neuroanatomy (15 decks)

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