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BPT Exam Prep > BPT Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

BPT Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Side effects and examples of NRTIs?

A

Mitochondrial toxicity: Neuropathy, myopathy, lactic acidosis, lipoatrophy, pancreatitis, hepatitis, hypersensitivity (abacavir + HLA-B5701)
E.g. lamivudine, emtricitabine, abacavir, tenofovir (LATE)

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2
Q

Empiric therapy for bacterial meningitis

A
  • Benzylpenicillin (Listeria) + vancomycin (Pneumococcus) + ceftriaxone (Neisseria)
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3
Q

Side effects and examples of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

Hypersensitivity reactions: rash, fever, hepatotoxicity, CNS disorders
E.g: efavirenz, etravirine, nevirapine, rilpivirine

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4
Q

Empiric therapy for infective endocarditis

A
  • Benzylpenicillin (Strep). Flucloxacillin (Staph), Gentamicin (synergistic effect)
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5
Q

Side effects and examples of integrase inhibitors

A

Headache, fatigue, nasopharyngitis, hepatotoxicity, myalgia
E.g. Raltegravir, elvitegravir, dolutegravir

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6
Q

Side effects and examples of protease inhibitors

A

Metabolic side effects: dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, central fat accumulation, buffalo hump, increased MI risk. Crystal nephropathy
E.g. atazanavir, darunavir, ritonavir, lopinavir

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7
Q

Class and side effects of tenofovir

A

NucleoTide reverse transcriptase inhibitor

- Fanconi syndrome (proximal RTA - HCO / PO / Glucose loss) , osteoporosis

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8
Q

Class and side effects of abacavir

A

NRTI. SE: increased MI risk, hypersensitivity syndrome (HLA-B5701 +) risk of DRESS / DIHS; Fever, cough, dyspnoea, rash

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9
Q

Class and side effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine

A

NRTI

GI upset, rash. Dose reduction required in renal impairment

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10
Q

Class and side effects of dolutegravir; elvitagravir

A

Integrase inhibitor
Dolutegravir: insomnia, headache, hypersensitivity, elevated creatinine
Elvitagravir: diarrhoea, nausea, suicidal ideation *

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11
Q

Class and side effects of atazanavir, darunavir

A

Protease inhibitors

Both: hyperlipidaemia, buffalo hump, diarrhoea

Ata: unconj hyperbilirubinaemia, cholelithiasis/nephrolithiasis

Dar: fever, raised AST/ALT

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12
Q

Class and side-effects of ritonavir

A

Protease inhibitor
Multiple drug interactions - TCAs, CCBs, simvastatin, inhaled steroids
Inhibits: CYP3A4, 2D6, p-glycoprotein
Induces: CYP1A2, 2C8, 2C19

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13
Q

Staph aureus - toxin types and effects

A
  • Panton-Valentine leukocidin: severe pyogenic skin and necrotising lung infections
  • Pyogenic toxin super-antigen (TSS-1): toxic shock syndrome - rapid cytokine release
  • Epidermolytic toxin A and B: scalded skin syndrome
  • Enterotoxins: food poisoning
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14
Q

What are the ESCAPPM organisms?

A

Gram negative bacteria with intrinsic beta-lactamase and cephalosporinase activity - require gentamicin / meropenem. Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter, Aeromonas, Proteus, Providencia, Morganella

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15
Q

Indications for prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures

A
  • Prosthetic valve or material used for valve repair
  • previous infective endocarditis
  • congenital heart disease (unrepaired cyanotic defects or repaired defects with prosthetic material or devices)
  • Rheumatic heart disease in high-risk patients (e.g. low SES)
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16
Q

Which are the live attenuated vaccines?

A

BCG, MMR, oral polio, rotavirus, varicella / zoster, Japanese encephalitis, Yellow fever, typhoid

17
Q

What is the main diagnostic test for Dengue used in QLD currently?

A

Dengue NS1 antigen

Sensitivity 98.5%, specificity 100%

18
Q

Causes of fever in the returned traveller,

A 
Dengue*, Influenza*
Enteric fever (typhoid), yellow fever, chikungunya, rickettsial
19
Q

Causes of fever in the returned traveller, 10-21 days

A

Malaria (falciparum), JE, Leptospirosis, Scrub typhus, Typhoid, Viral hemorrhagic fever, Trypanosomiasis, Brucellosis, Rickettsial, Q fever

20
Q

Causes of fever in the returned traveller, > 21 days

A

Malaria (vivax, ovale), HAV / HBV / HEV, Rabies, Leishmaniasis, Amoebiasis, Tuberculosis, Schistosomiasis, HIV

21
Q

Definition of MDR TB and treatment

A

Resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid.

Treat with aminoglycoside + moxiflox + PYR + ETH depending on sensitivities

22
Q

Definition of XDR TB

A

Resistant to flouroquinolones, aminoglycosides, second line injectable drugs

23
Q

What host genetic factors confer resistance to HIV infection?

A

CCR5 D32 homozygosity - resistant to infection. Heterozygosity - slower progression to AIDS.

24
Q

How is treatment success measured in HIV?

A

Goal: virologic suppression - HIV RNA 200 copies/mL after 24 weeks or rebound to >200 after suppression.
Immunologic failure: CD4 increase 3mo on ART.

25
Q

VRE: what are the differences between vanA and vanB?

A

vanA: typically higher MIC (higher resistance), teicoplanin resistant, more likely to transfer to other species (e.g. producing VRSA) compared with vanB

BPT Exam Prep (15 decks)

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