BP.18 Antidepressants and antipsychotics Flashcards
Name the monoamine neurotransmitors involved in
depression and anxiety
1) 5-Hydoxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin)
Depression, anxiety
2) Noradrenaline (NA)
Name the monoamine neurotransmitors involved in
Schizophrenia,
dopamine
1) Describe reaction pathway leading to formation of 5-HT:
2) How is 5-HT released into synapse?
3) How does 5-HT re-enter the neurone?
4) how does the initial substrate enter the neurone?
1) -Tryptophan converted into 5-HTP by TPH
- Converted into 5-HT by AADC and stored in vesicles
2) -Released in response to an action potential
3) via SERT transporter
4) tryptophan enters neurone via LNAA
1) Describe reaction pathway leading to formation of Dopamine:
1) Tyrosine → L DOPA by TyOH
L DOPA converted into DOPA via DOPA decarboxylase
What is associated with schizophrenia?
Excess dopamine release , increased DA function
The 3 main dopamine pathways in the brain:
Nigrostriatal pathway
Mesolimbic and memocortical projections
Tuberoinfundibular
Where do the dopamine pathways go from and to:
1) Nigrostriatal
2 Mesolimbic and memocortical projections
3) Tuberoinfundibular
1) Substantia nigra → dorsal striatum
2) - VTA ( tegmentalis ventralis) → frontal cortex/ventral striatum
3) Hypothalamus → pituitary stalk
Function of dopamine pathways:
1) Nigrostriatal
2 Mesolimbic and memocortical projections
3) Tuberoinfundibular
1) Control of fine movement (EPS)
2) Cognition/mood (cortex)
Reward/addiction (ventral striatum)
3) Tonic inhibition of prolactin secretion (endocrine role)
Which dopamine pathway is dysfunctional in parkinsons:
nigrostriatal
Dopamine prevents further release of __a__ from the __b___ when not suckling/ prevents woman from continually ___c___
a) prolactin
b) pituatry
c) lactating
What released by hypothalamic nuclei stimulates prolactin release from the anterior pituitary?
2) what inhibits this?
3) Why is it tonic?
4) What stimulates lactation of mammary tissues?
5) Why changes does 4 cause?
prolactin releasing factor (hormone)
2) dopamine (Prolactin releasing inhibiting Factor (PRIF)
(tonic)
3) always released
4) prolactin
5) Milk production
proliferation & differentiation of mammary tissue during pregancy, maternal behaviour
3 symptoms of parkinsons?
Tremor
Muscle rigidity
Loss of facial expression
4 symptoms of Tardive dyskinesia:
Repetitive rhythmical involuntary movements,
lip smacking, chewing,
rocking, rotation of the ankles or legs,
marching in place, and
repetitive sounds such as humming or grunting
What is an effective antipsychotic?
2) why does it work?
1) D2 antagonists are effective antipsychotics
2) Use D2 antagonists to counteract this increase in DA function
D2 antagonism in the ___A___ DA pathway causes __B___ side effects (EPS)
A) nigrostriatal
B) extrapyramidal
D2 antagonism in the tuberoinfundibular DA pathway causes _____
hyperprolactinaemia
hyperprolactinaemia has 2 conditions:
Galactorrhoea,
Gynaecomastea
Antipsychotics also have affinity for ___A__ receptors . name 3 receptors:
A) nondopaminergic
B) Histamine receptors, Muscarinic, Adrenergic
,
A) What do TCAs inhibit?
B) unfortunatly , what do they also block? (3)
A) Inhibit 5-HT and NA uptake
B) 1) M1 receptors
2) H1 receptors
3) alpha 1 receptors
TCAs block 1) M1 receptors 2) H1 receptors 3) alpha 1 receptors what is the unwanted/side effect of this?
1) Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention
2) Sedation, weight gain
2) Postural hypotension
Which receptor blocking by TCA causes the following side effects:
A Sedation, weight gain
B Postural hypotension
C Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention
A H1 receptors
B alpha 1 receptors
C M1 receptors
side effects of Phenothiazines
1) group 1
2) group 2
3) group 3
Group I : Sedation (affinity for H1)
Group II :Anticholinergic (affinity for M1)
Group III :extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) (predomantly D2)
What group of phenothiazinedoes the following fall into:
Chlorpromazine
group 1
What group of phenothiazinedoes the following fall into:
Thioridazine
group 2
