BP Control + Hemostasis

Question 1

What is vascular resistance?

Answer 1

Force that opposes blood flow in a blood vessel

Question 2

Name 3 factors that affect vascular resistance.

Answer 2

1. Vessel diameter (narrower, higher resistance)
2. Blood viscosity (thicker, more resistance)
3. Vessel length (longer, more resistance)

Question 3

What is meant by “Blood flow”?

Answer 3

Blood flow refers to the volume of blood moving through a particular vessel/organ/tissue in the circulatory system.

Question 4

Name 2 factors that affect blood flow.

Answer 4

1. Pressure difference (greater difference, higher blood flow)
2. Resistance (higher resistance, lower blood flow)

Question 5

What is meant by “Total Peripheral Resistance” (TPR)?

Answer 5

The overall resistance to blood flow in the body’s entire circulatory system.

TPR is essentially the sum of all the vascular resistances of all systemic blood vessels in the body.

Question 6

True/False

The body regulates blood flow to different organs based on their metabolic needs.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is “Cardiac Output” (CO)?

Answer 7

The total volume of blood pumped by the heart (left ventricle) into the systemic circulation per minute.

Question 8

What are the 2 ways of regulating blood pressure?

Answer 8

1. Short-term regulation (e.g. baroreceptor reflex)
2. Long-term regulation (e.g. RAAS system)

Question 9

What is pulse pressure?

Answer 9

It is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Question 10

Name the 2 local factors that influence constriction/dilation of arterioles.

Answer 10

1. Metabolic
2. Myogenic

Question 11

What affects velocity of blood flow?

Answer 11

1. Blood flow, Q
2. Cross-sectional area, A

V = Q/A

Question 12

Name the 2 external factors that influence constriction/dilation of arterioles.

Answer 12

1. Autonomic Nervous System
2. Hormones

Question 13

True/False

Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure remained in the blood vessel when the heart is relaxed.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True/False

Total cross-sectional area is largest at the capillary.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is the function of high-pressure baroreceptor?

Answer 15

To detect changes in blood pressure

Question 16

Where are high-pressure baroreceptors located?

Answer 16

• The wall of aortic arch
• The carotid sinus

Question 17

Define Thrombosis.

Answer 17

The formation of stationary blood clot (thrombus) in a blood vessel.

Question 18

Define Embolism.

Answer 18

The blockage of blood vessel by an embolus.

(embolus can be blood clot /air bubble /..)

Question 19

Why you don’t faint when you stand up?

Answer 19

Baroreceptor Reflex.

Detect low blood pressure - fewer signals to brain - activate parasympathetic activity: increase heart rate - decrease sympathetic activity: increase TPR

Question 20

What is the function of low-pressure baroreceptors?

Answer 20

To detect changes in blood volume.