Bowlby's Monotropic Theory

Question 1

Bowlby (1988)

Answer 1

• rejected learning theory
• attachment is an innate system that gives a survival advantage
• biologically pre-programmed from birth

Question 2

Procedure

Answer 2

• observed and interviewed children and their families who were separated in WW2.
• studies conducted in hospitals or institutions

Question 3

Monotropic meaning

Answer 3

• mono means one and tropic means learning towards

Question 4

Bowlbys theory is monotropic because…

Answer 4

• placed greater emphasis on child’s attachment with one caregiver
• more time spent with the caregiver the better

Question 5

Two principles in monotropy of Bowlby’s theory

Answer 5

• The law of continuity - more constant and predictable a child’s care the better the attachment
• The law of accumulated separation - effects of every separation from the mother add up and the safest dose is therefore a zero dose

Question 6

Social Releaser

Answer 6

• behaviours that babies use to attract attention from caregivers
• crying, smiling, following, crawling
• pre-programmed

Question 7

critical period

Answer 7

• critical period of 0-2.5 years when the infant attachment system is active

Question 8

safe base

Answer 8

• primary caregiver provides emotional and physical support
• allows child to explore environment confidently