Bowel Elimination

Question 1

Vascular Maneuver

Answer 1

Increase the pressure to expel feces by contracting abdominal muscles while maintaining a closed airway.

Question 2

Hemorrhoids

Answer 2

Distended blood vessels within or protruding from the anus.

Question 3

Bowel training

Answer 3

Assists to the patient to have regular, soft formed stools.

Question 4

Peroxidase

Answer 4

An enzyme present in hemoglobin

Question 5

Fecal occult blood

Answer 5

“Hidden”

Some blood may be visible in the blood and other may be occult.

Question 6

Indirect visualization studies

Answer 6

Radiographic views of the lower GI tract.

Question 7

Paralytic Ileus

Answer 7

Cessation of bowel peristalsis.

Question 8

Ostomy

Answer 8

Where the fecal matter is expelled through a surgically created opening in the abdominal wall.

Question 9

Stoma

Answer 9

Surgical opening in the abdominal wall for feces to be expelled.

Question 10

Effluent

Answer 10

“Output; fecal matter”

Question 11

Diverticulitis

Answer 11

When pouches on the walls of the colon become infected.

Question 12

Diverticulosis

Answer 12

Development of saclike outpouchings of mucosa through the muscle layers of the colon wall.

Question 13

Major function of the GI tract…

Answer 13

1. Digest/absorb nutrients

2. Eliminate food waste products as feces.

Question 14

Structures of the GI tract…

Answer 14

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, & anus.

Question 15

3 parts of the small intestine and what do they do?

Answer 15

1. Duodenum (breakdown of food and begins absorption)
2. Jejunum (absorbs carbohydrates and proteins)
3. Ileum (absorption of fats, vitamins, minerals, and water)

Question 16

Where is the ileocecal valve located?

Answer 16

Connects the ileum to the cecum.

Question 17

5 parts of the large intestine and what they do…

Answer 17

1. Cecum
2. Ascending colon
3. Transverse colon
4. Descending colon
5. Sigmoid colon (twists downward to connect to the rectum).

Question 18

Is the anus avascular or vascular? What could this lead to?

Answer 18

Vascular - could lead to hemorrhoids.

Question 19

Defacation

Answer 19

The process by which the bowel eliminates waste.

Question 20

1. If stool passes through the GI slowly, what can you expect it’s characteristics to look like?
2. If stool passed through the GI quickly, what can you expect the characteristics to look like?

Answer 20

1. Hard and dry.

2, Diarrhea - wet and unformed.

Question 21

Pseudomembranous Colitis

Answer 21

Damage to mucosa of the colon; inflammation and nodules; caused by toxins produced by C. diff.

Question 22

Treatments for C. diff…

Answer 22

Stool transplant
Change antibiotic to Flagyl, Vanco, or Difiid
Probiotics
Stop previous antibiotic treatment

Question 23

Stool softeners do what?

Answer 23

Enable moisture and fat to penetrate the stool, softening it and making it easier to pass.

Question 24

Osmotic Laxatives do what?

Answer 24

Works by drawing water into the bowel from surrounding tissue, resulting i bowel distention.

Question 25

Stimulant laxatives do what?

Answer 25

Bowel irritants that cause the intestinal wall to start peristalsis.

Question 26

Bulking Agent does what?

Answer 26

High in fiber; must be combined with sufficient fluid intake to be effective. The fiber attracts fluid into the colon.

Question 27

Lubricant Laxatives do what?

Answer 27

Coat the stool and the GI tract with a thin waterproof layer. Example: Mineral oil.

Question 28

Mastication

Answer 28

“Chewing”

Question 29

Direct Visualization Studies

Answer 29

Used for diagnostic and treatment purposes; invasive procedures and are conducted by a gastroenterologist who inserts various instruments.