Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

therio > bovine therio > Flashcards

bovine therio Flashcards

1
Q

what is the normal estrous cycle in cow

A

21 days( range 18-24)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the normal length of estrus

A

9 hrs (3-18)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

normal length of diestrus

A

20 days (range 17-24)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the function of cyclic FSH

A

produces waves of follicles 2-3 waves per cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the function of LH

A

induces ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the function of estrogen

A

produces standing behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the function of progesterone

A
  • maintains pregnancy
  • prevents ovulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 phases of follicular wave

A
  1. growing
  2. static
  3. regression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when does follicular wave occur

A
  1. pregnancy
  2. anesterus period
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where does progesterone get produced during diestrus

A

CL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

if they cow is not pregnant,what lyses the CL

A

PGF

  • note that CL is not responsive to PGFprior to day 5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the effect of cystic ovarian dz

A
  • persistent estrus
  • irregular cycles
  • persistent anestrus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in which 2 cases can you get persistent anesterus

A
  1. from cystic ovaries
  2. pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

treatment of cystic ovarian disease

A
  • GnRH
  • hCG
  • progesterone
  • PGF2œ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

some of the causes of cystic ovarian disease

A
  • lack of LH–negative energy balance
  • inadequate release or response to LH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

causes of anesterus

A
  • pregnancy-,main one
  • ovarian cyst
  • pyometra
  • mummified fetus
  • neoplasia
  • developmental abnormalities–freematin
  • negative energy balance
  • lactational anestrus
  • inadequate heat detection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where is gonadotropin releasing hormone secreted and whats its function

A
  • hypothalamus
  • stimulates release of LH from pituitary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

indications for GnRH

A
  • cystic ovarian disease
  • timed insermination programmes (Ovsynch)
  • repeat breeding
  • day 14 post parturition
  • release of testerone in males
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the function of oxytocin

A
  • smooth mm. contraction in uterus and mammary glands
  • short duration of action
  • psychological component
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where does oxytocin get produced andstored

A
  • produced in the hypothalamus
  • stored in the posterior pituitary
    *
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the indications for oxytocin

A
  • milk letdown
  • uterine contractions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the indications of human chrorionic gonadotropin

A
  • LH like activity
  • cystic ovarian dz
  • hasterns ovulation
  • stimulates males to release or produce testesterone
  • mostly used in equine practice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where is the follicle stimulating hormone produced and what does it do

A
  • produced in the anterior pituitary gland
  • stimulate follicular growth
  • indication:superovulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the sources of progesterone

A
  • CL
  • placenta
  • adrenal tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the uses of progesterone

A
  • cystic ovarian dz treatment
  • induction of lactation
  • pregnancy maintainance
  • synchronization of estrus
  • causes -ve feedback on pituitary gland
  • inhibits release of gonadotropins (LH and FSH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

where is estrogen produced

A
  • theca interna cells of graafian follicles
  • placenta
  • adrenal gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the indications of estrogen

A
  • increase tone
  • blood supply and immune response to uterus
  • cervical relaxation
  • induction of lactation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

uses of testesterone

A
  • teaser animal
  • estrus synchronization
    *
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

testesterone is contraindicated in

A

intact males

30
Q

what are the uses of corticoid steroids

A

induction of parturition

maturation of fetal lungs

31
Q

what are the uses of PGF2alpha

A
  • lysis of the CL
  • smooth mm.contraction
32
Q

what are the indications of PGF2 alpha

A
  • estrus synchonization
  • induction of parturition along with dexamethaxone\
  • induction of abortion before 150 days
33
Q

what is the induction % of a single injection with prostaglandin in estrus control programme

A

60% estrus induction

34
Q

what is the estrus induction with double injection method of prostaglandin

A

11 days apart. 80-95% estrus induction

35
Q

discuss OVSYNCH protocol

A
  • combines GnRH and PGF
  • GnRH on monday
  • PGF on following monday
  • GnRh again on wed
  • breed 8-16 hrs later
36
Q

discuss CO-SYNCH

A
  • combines GnRH with PGF
  • GnRH on monday
  • PGFon following monday
  • GnRH + breed TAI same day
37
Q

discuss OVSYNCH + CIDR

A
  • it combines GnRH and PGF
  • GnRH on monday
  • PGF on following monday
  • GnHR again on wed
  • breed 8-16 hrs later
38
Q

cardinal signs of pregnancy

A
  • amniotic vesicles-35-70 days
  • membrane slip-35 +days
  • fetus- 70 days
  • placentome=maternal carancles+ fetal cotyleon 80+ days
  • all palpated per rectum
39
Q

what is the size of the placentome at 90 days

A
  • dime
40
Q

what is the size of the placentome at 110 days

A
  • nickle
41
Q

what is the size of the placentome at 120 days days

A

quarter

42
Q

what is the size of the placentome at 150 days

A

half dollar

43
Q

non cardinal sings of pregnancy

A
  • uterine fluid
  • middle uterine artery fremitus
  • elevated serum progesterone
  • ballotement of fetus through flank
44
Q

at what period can eustrus occur in pregnancy

A
  • at 5 months
  • if bred AI will abort pregnancy
45
Q

what are the problems associated with twins in cows

A
  • freemartin
  • abortion
  • retained placenta
  • metritis
  • less viable calf
46
Q

when does mummification mostly to occur

A
  • mostly after 5-6 mnths
  • there is retained corpus luteum
47
Q

what are the common causes of mummification

A
  • BVD
  • neospora
48
Q

how do you trat a cow with mummification

A

treat with PGF2alpha

49
Q

what causes hydrops allontois

A
  • result of placental abnormality
  • occurs rapidly due to Na pump abnormality
  • poor prognosis for cow and fetus
50
Q

discuss hydrops amnii

A
  • fetal abnormality esp. of the head
  • occurs slowly -fetus anable to control amnotic fluid
  • good prognosis for cow
51
Q

causes of prolapsed vagina

A
  • Inherited predisposition
  • Poor perineal conformation
  • ↑estrogen level leads to relaxation of pelvic ligaments
  • ↑ abdominal pressure
  • ↑ irritation due to drying and frost bite
  • Straining occurs
52
Q

what are the differentials for prolapse vagina

A
  • tumor,
  • hematoma,
  • prolapsed bladder
53
Q

how do u treat vaginal prolapse

A
  • Caudal epidural anesthesia –1ml of 2% lidocaine /200 lb BW
  • Clean the prolapsed tissue
  • Lift vagina to relieve urine
  • Replace the vagina
  • Retention Sutures
  • Antibiotics and anti-­‐inflammatory drugs
54
Q

discuss the hormones required for parturition

A
  • Initiated by fetal cortisol
  • Placental enzymes change over from progesterone to estrogen production
  • lIncreasing estrogen = increased number of oxytocin receptors and PGF release
  • PGF release= lysis of CL
55
Q

how long does it take for parturition with dexamethadone induction to take plce

A

24-48 hrs

56
Q

how long to parturation oes it take for dex+ PGF combo

A

36 hrs

57
Q

when does abortion occur due to neosora caninum

A

3-­‐9 months

58
Q

when does N.caninum gets diagnosed

A
  • Diagnosed at necropsy of fetus
  • prevent fecal contamination of feed by dogs
59
Q

what are the cs of N.caninum

A
  • Abortion in mid-­‐gestation
  • Fetus may die in-­‐utero
  • resorbed mummified autolyzed
  • Stillborn
  • Born alive (clinically normal but chronically infected
60
Q

when does abortion occur due to brucellosis

A

mid to late gestation

61
Q

what are the characteristics of brucellosis

A
  • Governmentally Controlled Disease
  • ­‐
  • Zoonotic
  • ­‐
  • Intracellular pathogen
62
Q

how is brucellosis spread from cow to cow

A

infected uterine dischages

63
Q

how do u diagnose brucellosis

A
  • Bacterial culture of milk, blood,
  • or uterine discharge
64
Q

how do u treat brucellosis

A
  • cull-test and slaughter
  • vaccination-RB51
65
Q

how is trichomoniasis spread

A

spread by bull.lodge in prepuce

66
Q

what are the cs of trichiminosis

A
  • Infertility -­‐Most common sign recognized
  • Prolonged interestrous periods
  • Low pregnancy rates
  • Wide range of gestational ages
  • Spread out calving season
  • <5% pyometra/abortion
  • Bulls-­‐ asymptomatic
67
Q

ow do u treat trichiminosis

A
  • CULL (imidazoles are ILLEGAL in

food animals!)

  • Management strategies for control
  • Prevention-­‐virgin heifers and bulls
  • Vaccine now available
68
Q

what are the consequences of campylobacter infection

A
  • True venereal disease
  • Campylobacter
  • fetus venerealis
  • Endometritis/salpingitis
  • Conception failure -­‐primarily
  • Embryonic/fetal death
  • Immunity develops in 4-­‐5 months
69
Q

effects of campylobacter on bulls

A
  • they lose weight and lobido
70
Q

which hormone is used to stimulate release of testesterone in males

A

GnRH

therio (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions