Bovine respiratory disease Flashcards
Name 4 reasons why cattle and sheep are prone to respiratory disease
Small lung volume compared to body size
Large dead space
No collateral ventilaion
Alveoli easily damaged and difficult to recover
Poorly developed fibrinolytic system
Host defences reduced
Thick muscular arteries cause vaoconstriction
What borders make up the bovine lung field auscultation?
Triceps cranially
Attachment of ribs to vertebral column ventrally
Imaginary line between 11th intercostal space and elbow
What do shallow breaths suggest compared to deep breaths?
Shallow breaths - pain, pleuritis/peritonitis Deep breaths (and abducted elbows) - air hungry
How can all bovine respiratory diseases be diagnosed?
Serology
What bacteria are involved with bovine respiratory disease complex?
Mannheimia haemolytica
Pasteuerella multocida
Histophilus somni
Mycoplasma bovis
What parasite is involved with bovine respiratory disease complex?
Lungworm - Dictyocaulus viviparus
What fungi is involved with bovine respiratory disease complex?
Aspergillus
What pathogen causes TB?
Mycobacterium bovis
Enzootic pneumonia is caused by multiple agents and typically affects groups of what age cows?
Calves
Often following stress - disbudding, weaning
What is fog fever? Does it affect groups or a single animal?
Reaction to fructans in grass - causing pulmonary oedema
Group of animals
What age cows are affected by fog fever?
Adults >5
What is the treatment for fog fever? What should you not do
Steroids
Do NOT move - likely to die
What age cattle are affected by IBR (BHV-1) and where is it latent?
Adults >5
Latent in trigeminal
How can IBR be diagnosed?
Nasopharyngel swab
BAL
What vaccines are available to prevent respiratory disease in cattle?
IBR (BHV)
PI3
BRSV
Huskavac- lungworm
What is a sequelae to calf diphterhia? What breed is it common in?
Laryngeal chondritis British blue (and beef breeds)
A British blue presents with a stertorous URT noise. What is your most likely diagnosis?
Laryngeal chondritis
Which cattle are most prone to lungworm?
1st lactation heifers that have been turned out
How is lungworm diagnosed?
Faecal Baermann
Is Mycoplasma bovis commensal or pathogenic?
Commensal in URT
Pathogenic in LRT
Mycoplasma bovis causes conjunctivitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, otitis media and mastitis. How is it diagnosed?
BAL
Conjunctival swab - if eyes affected
Are Pasteurella and Mannheimia significant findings?
No - commensal
Usually secondary infections but may be primary (Shipping fever, haemorrhagic septicaemia)
PI3 and BRSV affect which part of the respiratory tract: upper or lower?
Lower
How is pneumonic pasteurellosis (Shipping fever) treated?
Systemic ABs - oxytetracycline
Reduce stress
