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Respiratory (LHW) > Bovine respiratory disease > Flashcards

Bovine respiratory disease Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 reasons why cattle and sheep are prone to respiratory disease

A

Small lung volume compared to body size
Large dead space
No collateral ventilaion
Alveoli easily damaged and difficult to recover
Poorly developed fibrinolytic system
Host defences reduced
Thick muscular arteries cause vaoconstriction

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2
Q

What borders make up the bovine lung field auscultation?

A

Triceps cranially
Attachment of ribs to vertebral column ventrally
Imaginary line between 11th intercostal space and elbow

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3
Q

What do shallow breaths suggest compared to deep breaths?

A 
Shallow breaths - pain, pleuritis/peritonitis
Deep breaths (and abducted elbows) - air hungry
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4
Q

How can all bovine respiratory diseases be diagnosed?

A

Serology

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5
Q

What bacteria are involved with bovine respiratory disease complex?

A

Mannheimia haemolytica
Pasteuerella multocida
Histophilus somni
Mycoplasma bovis

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6
Q

What parasite is involved with bovine respiratory disease complex?

A

Lungworm - Dictyocaulus viviparus

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7
Q

What fungi is involved with bovine respiratory disease complex?

A

Aspergillus

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8
Q

What pathogen causes TB?

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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9
Q

Enzootic pneumonia is caused by multiple agents and typically affects groups of what age cows?

A

Calves

Often following stress - disbudding, weaning

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10
Q

What is fog fever? Does it affect groups or a single animal?

A

Reaction to fructans in grass - causing pulmonary oedema

Group of animals

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11
Q

What age cows are affected by fog fever?

A

Adults >5

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12
Q

What is the treatment for fog fever? What should you not do

A

Steroids

Do NOT move - likely to die

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13
Q

What age cattle are affected by IBR (BHV-1) and where is it latent?

A

Adults >5

Latent in trigeminal

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14
Q

How can IBR be diagnosed?

A

Nasopharyngel swab

BAL

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15
Q

What vaccines are available to prevent respiratory disease in cattle?

A

IBR (BHV)
PI3
BRSV
Huskavac- lungworm

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16
Q

What is a sequelae to calf diphterhia? What breed is it common in?

A 
Laryngeal chondritis
British blue (and beef breeds)
17
Q

A British blue presents with a stertorous URT noise. What is your most likely diagnosis?

A

Laryngeal chondritis

18
Q

Which cattle are most prone to lungworm?

A

1st lactation heifers that have been turned out

19
Q

How is lungworm diagnosed?

A

Faecal Baermann

20
Q

Is Mycoplasma bovis commensal or pathogenic?

A

Commensal in URT

Pathogenic in LRT

21
Q

Mycoplasma bovis causes conjunctivitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, otitis media and mastitis. How is it diagnosed?

A

BAL

Conjunctival swab - if eyes affected

22
Q

Are Pasteurella and Mannheimia significant findings?

A

No - commensal

Usually secondary infections but may be primary (Shipping fever, haemorrhagic septicaemia)

23
Q

PI3 and BRSV affect which part of the respiratory tract: upper or lower?

A

Lower

24
Q

How is pneumonic pasteurellosis (Shipping fever) treated?

A

Systemic ABs - oxytetracycline

Reduce stress

25
Q

Which bovine respiratory disease is associated with uveitis and conjuncivitis?

A

IBR

26
Q

What is the treatment for IBR?

A

Isolate and cull

27
Q

What causes ‘farmers lung’? How is it treated?

A

Poorly ventilated housing and mould

Improve ventilation and feed quality

28
Q

How is OPA treated?

A

Test and cull

29
Q

What pathogen causes Atypical Pneumonia in sheep?

A

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae

30
Q

How is Enzootic/Atypical Pneumonia (Mycoplasma Ovipneumoniae) prevented?

A

Improve ventilation
Reduce stocking density
Quarantine new stock

31
Q

What is the treatment for enzootic pneumonia in sheep?

A

Oxytetracycle
NSAIDs - metacam
Vaccination
Management changes

32
Q

What pathogen causes Calf Diphtheria?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Due to poor hygiene

33
Q

What clinical signs are seen with Calf Diphtheria?

A

Oral ulcers, salivation, halitosis

34
Q

How is Calf Diphtheria treated?

A

Penicillin (even though F. necrophorum is gram -ve)
Aminoglycosides
Tylosin

35
Q

What is the treatment for lungworm?

A

Benzimadazoles - e.g. fenbendazole

Macrocyclic lactones - e.g. ivermectin, moxidectin

36
Q

What are the clinical signs of fog fever?

A

Pulmonary oedema - crackles
Respiratory signs
Foaming at the mouth
Subcut emphysema

Respiratory (LHW) (2 decks)

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