Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ophthalmology (farm) > Bovine ophthalmics > Flashcards

Bovine ophthalmics Flashcards

1
Q

what block can be used to prevent the eye closing for examination?

A

auriculopalpebral (motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what can be used to locally block the cows eye for examination if painful?

A

amethocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the main primary eye diseases of cattle?

A

infectious bovine kerato-conjunctivits (new forest eye)
bovine iritis (silage eye)
squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is bovine iritis more commonly known as?

A

silage eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is infectious bovine kerato-conjunctivitis more commonly known as?

A

new forest eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what pathogen causes new forest eye (IBK)?

A

Morexella bovis
(sometimes Mycoplasma spp)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the clinical signs of new forest eye (IBK)?

A

lachrymation
blepharospasm
early keratitis (white spot)
ulceration
pannus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how would early keratitis present?

A

slight white spot on the conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are possible treatments for new forest eye (IBK)?

A

LA eye ointment
subconjunctival injection
suture eyelids closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the antibiotic in LA eye ointment for treating new forest eye (IBK)?

A

cloxacillin based

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how often do you have to administer cloxacillin based eye ointment for new forest eye (IBK)?

A

every other day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what antibiotic can be used as a subconjunctival injection to treat new forest eye (IBK)?

A

oxytetracycline or amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the risk factors for getting new forest eye (IBK)?

A

flies (and their habitats… woodlands)
dust/chaff
UV light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how can new forest eye (IBK) be prevented?

A

fly control (tags, permethrin, pour-ons)
graze away from fly habitats
ventilation/fly control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the pathogenesis of bovine iritis (silage eye)?

A

immune reaction to antigens of Listeria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the clinical signs of bovine iritis (silage eye)?

A

constricted pupils
corneal opacity
glaucoma
white floccules in anterior chamber
vascularisation inside cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the early clinical sign of bovine iritis (silage eye)?

A

constricted pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

do animals with bovine iritis (silage eye) have flu rosin take up?

A

no, as there is no damage to the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how is bovine iritis (silage eye) treated?

A

antibiotics alone are ineffective
subconjunctival injection atropine and dexamethasone

20
Q

why is atropine injected subconjunctival in bovine iritis (silage eye) cases?

A

is a mydriatic so opens the drainage angle of the eye

21
Q

why is dexamethasone given in bovine iritis (silage eye)?

A

is an immune suppressant to suppress the hyersensitisation

22
Q

what breed is predisposed to squamous cell carcinomas?

A

herefords

23
Q

in terms of eyelid margins, what should you keep in mind when dealing with trauma?

A

need to keep the eyelid margins, possible risk of recurrent infections if animal can’t close eye/blink properly

24
Q

what are some possible diseases that can cause secondary eye issues?

A

malignant catarrhal fever

25
Q

what is the main risk factors of cattle getting malignant catarrhal fever?

A

grazing with sheep

26
Q

why is grazing with sheep a risk factor for cattle developing malignant catarrhal fever?

A

caused by ovine herpes virus 2

27
Q

what are the clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever?

A

persistant pyrexia (41°C)
depressed (encephalitis)
nasal/mouth erosions
lymph node enlargement
respiratory signs
diarrhoea

28
Q

what is the pathogenesis of malignant catarrhal fever?

A

immune mediated vasculitis

29
Q

what are the eye lesions associated with malignant catarrhal fever?

A

conjunctivitis
eyelid oedema
blepharospasm
corneal opacity (starts on the edge)

30
Q

what pathogen causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?

A

bovine herpes virus 1

31
Q

why can IBR recrudesce?

A

because it lies latent in trigeminal ganglia, recrudesces at times of stress

32
Q

is a vaccine available for IBR?

A

yes, marker vaccine is available

33
Q

what are the clinical signs of IBR?

A

pyrexia (41°C)
conjunctivitis and serous discharge
corneal oedema
nasal lesions/discharge
severe milk drop
abortions

34
Q

what are the clinical signs of listeriosis?

A

encephalitis
circling disease
unilateral facial paralysis

35
Q

how is listeriosis treated?

A

oxytetracycline or penicillins (good outcome if caught before circling/depression starts)

36
Q

why does listeriosis cause keratitis of the eye?

A

paralysis of the face beens they are unable to blink leading to dry eye and keratitis

37
Q

what is a possible disease in cattle that can cause cataracts?

A

BVD (infected around day 100 of pregnancy)

38
Q

what effect does septicaemia have on the eye?

A

hypopyon

39
Q

what effect does bracken poisoning have on the eye?

A

blood in anterior chamber (due to thrombocytopenia)

40
Q

what are some possible diseases that can cause blindness?

A

CCN
lead poisoning
vitamin A deficiency
twin lamb disease

41
Q

what causes CCN?

A

thiamine (B1 deficiency) in young growing animals

42
Q

what are the clinical signs of CCN?

A

star gazing
negative menace
positive pupillary light response
nystagmus
convulsions
opisthotonus

43
Q

what can be done to treat CCN?

A

(depends on duration of brain swelling and the damage caused by it)
thiamine IV
diet change

44
Q

how can lead poisoning be treated?

A

IV sodium calcium edetate (EDTA)

45
Q

what effect does vitamin A deficiency have on the eye?

A

oedema of optic disc causing blindness (more during night)

46
Q
A

Ophthalmology (farm) (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions