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Bovine Inspection Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

What are the inspection procedures for Bovine GIT?

A
  1. View oncoming. View and Palpate the oesophagus
  2. View both sides of the spleen
  3. View the rumen and reticulum
  4. View and Palpate the rumino-reticular junction
  5. View the pancreas, omental fat and intestines. View both sides of omentum
  6. View the mesenteric lymph nodes
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2
Q

What are the inspection procedures for Bovine Liver?

A
  1. View oncoming. View and Palpate both surfaces (Visceral & Parietal)
  2. View and Incise cystic, hepatic and common bile ducts
  3. Incise visceral surface at the base of the caudal lobe to examine bile ducts
  4. View and Incise the hepatic LNs
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3
Q

What are the inspection procedures for Bovine Kidneys?

A
  1. View both sides of both kidneys
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4
Q

What must be done if less than 1 whole hepatic LN is present for inspection?

A

PF otherwise Condemn

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5
Q

Advanced inspection procedure for Telangiectasis?

A

Incise liver to determine extent of the condition

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6
Q

Disposition for Telangiectasis?

A

PF otherwise condemn affected part if severe and if no sign of systemic. (FEX)

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7
Q

What are the presentation requirements for Bovine kidneys?

A

Kidneys MUST BE enucleated fully for inspection

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8
Q

Common Diseases or Defects of the Rumen and Reticulum?

A
  1. Reticulitis
  2. Peritonitis
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9
Q

Common Diseases and Defects of the pancreas, omental fat or intestines?

A
  1. Stones in the pancreas
  2. Tumours
  3. Abscesses
  4. Peritonitis
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10
Q

What notifiable disease may be found when incising the mesenteric LNs?

A

Bovine Tuberciulosis
bTB

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11
Q

Common Diseases or Defects of the Liver?

A
  1. Liver Fluke
  2. Missing hepatic LNs
  3. Liver abscesses
  4. Cirrhosis
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12
Q

Common Diseases or Defects of the Kidneys

A
  1. Infarcts
  2. Petechial Haemorrhages
  3. Abscesses
  4. Cysts
  5. Nephritis
  6. Nephrosis
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13
Q

Common Diseases or Defects of the Pluck

A
  1. Contamination
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Pleurisy
  4. Pericarditis
  5. Epicarditis
  6. Xanthosis
  7. C. Bovis
  8. Emphysema
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14
Q

What are the inspection requirements for Bovine Pluck?

A
  1. View the oncoming pluck
  2. Incise the pericardium, view both sides
  3. View and Palpate the heart
  4. Incise the heart
  5. View and Palpate the inner surfaces of the heart
  6. View and Palpate the diaphragm if present
  7. View and Palpate the lungs. If edible, incise the trachea
  8. Incise and view the anterior, middle, posterior mediastinal and right apical LNs
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15
Q

What are the inspection procedures for Bovine Head and Tongue?

A
  1. View head, eyes and surrounding tissue, oral cavity and tonsils
  2. Incise and view the parotid, retropharyngeal and submaxillary LNs
  3. View and Palpate the masseter and pterygoid muscles if saved edible
  4. View and Palpate the tongue if either tongue, masseter or pterygoid muscles are saved edible
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16
Q

Common Diseases or Defects of the head and tongue?

A
  1. Wounds & Bruises
  2. Contamination
  3. Pigmentation
  4. Eye Cancer BSCC
  5. Actino Lesions
  6. Tuberculosis
  7. Xanthosis
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17
Q

What is Xanthosis?

A

Abnormal accumulation of brown pigment in the forequarter skeletal muscles, masseters, tongue and myocardium

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18
Q

What are Actino Lesions?

A

Bacterial disease affecting the jawbone, LNs, and tongue. Characterised by pale greenish-yellow lesions with thick fibrous capsules

19
Q

What is Cancer Eye?

A

Growths either on the eye surface or in the surrounding skin and bones. Can become infected with bacteria and spread to the parotid LN

20
Q

What is Tuberculosis?

A

Notifiable disease, bacteria affecting the head LNs and lung tissue and LNs

21
Q

What is Cysticercus Bovis?

A

Notifiable disease, parasitic disease characterised by small white or clear cysts in the masseter or pterygoid muscles

22
Q

What are the inspection procedures for Bovine Carcass?

A
  1. View abdominal and thoracic cavities
  2. View all internal and external surfaces
  3. View limb joints
  4. View neural canal and spinal column
  5. Incise superficial inguinal, supramammary and internal iliac LNs
23
Q

Common Diseases and Defects of the carcass?

A
  1. Squamous cell carcinoma
  2. Tuberculosis
  3. Actinoform diseases
  4. Cysticercus Bovis
24
Q

What is Soft Siding?

A

Where the saw has gone to one side of the neural canal, preventing viewing

25
What is Cachexia?
Wasting of the carcass due to pathological cause
26
How can Tuberculosis enter the body?
1. Inhalation 2. Ingestion 3. Wounds 4. Congenital infection or copulation
27
Which areas does Tuberculosis usually affect in Bovine?
1. LNs of the head 2. LNs of the lungs 3. LNs of the mesentery 4. Can be found in any organ or tissue
28
What are the characteristics of Tuberculosis lesions?
Golden-yellow granulomas enclosed in a white fibrous capsule. Pus may be thick and runny or dried and calcified. Acute lesions have a red hyperemic ring.
29
What are the Tuberculosis lesion ranges?
1. Localised lesions in LNs 2. Spread from the lungs onto the parietal pleura 3. Large destructive masses of granulated lesions 4. Lesions that have spread to other parts 5. Localised or systemic 6. Systemic in huge numbers of tiny lesions scattered through lungs or liver
30
What are the intensified inspection procedures for bTB?
1. Incise and View the Popliteal, Ischiatic, Lumbar, Subiliac, Prepectoral and Superficial Cervical LNs 2. Incise and View the Mesenteric chain and Renal LNs 3. Incise and View the Anterior, Middle, Posterior Mediastinal, Right and Left Bronchial and Right Apical with 2-3mm incisions
31
Which CCS and Viscera should intensified bTB inspection procedures be used on?
1. Lesions suspicious of bTB 2. bTB Reactors
32
What are the intensified inspection procedures for BOSCC?
1. View the surrounding bone structure 2. Incise and View the parotid and atlantal LNs 3. Run your finger around the rim of the eye socket 4. View the liver, lungs, spleen and kidneys
33
What are the two forms of Actinoform Lesions?
1. Actinomycosis - Lumpy Jaw 2. Actinobacillosis - Woody Tongue
34
What area does Actinomycosis affect?
Hard tissues like bone and cartilages of the jaw
35
What area does Actinobacillosis affect?
Soft tissues like LNs and the tongue
36
What are the characteristics of both Actinomycosis and Actinobacillosis?
Greenish-yellow or pale lemon-coloured pus enclosed in a thick dense fibrous tissue capsule
37
How do Actino organisms infect the body?
Through tiny wounds in the membranes of the mouth, particularly when going through dentition changes
38
What is Cysticercus Bovis?
C. Bovis is the cystic stage in cattle of a tapeworm found in humans. It is a notifiable disease in the Biosecurity Order 2016 Schedule
39
What is Taenia Saginata?
The adult tapeworm of C. Bovis
40
Description of a viable C. Bovis cyst
Alive and able to continue the parasites cycle. They consist of a blister-like cysts, 5-10mm in a diameter containing a white scolex. Difficult to feel via palpation but are visible.
41
Description of a non viable C. Bovis cyst
Killed by the hosts immune system, 10-15mm in diameter, encapsulated and contain a pale green pus. They feel firm. Cysts at this stage have a thick fibrous capsule, further degenerating to a calcified center. These cysts feel hard and gritty
42
Why is the scolex important to C. Bovis identification?
The head of the Taenia Saginata tapeworm is unlike other tapeworm heads in that it does not have a row of hooks, making the scolex special and a good indicator that the cysts is that of Taenia Saginata
43
What are the NZ intensified C. Bovis inspection procedures?
1. 2 additional incisions, each parallel to and midway between the incisions made to the internal surfaces of the ventricle. Make an addititional incision in the interventricular septum. View and Palpate. 2. After external masseter and internal pterygoid have been dropped/removed make 2 deep incisions in the external masseter and 1 deep incision in the internal masseter. View and Palpate 3. After tongue is dropped/removed, make a ventral longitudinal midline incision through the suspensory muscle. View
44
What are the additional EU intensified C. Bovis procedures? (they include NZ procedures)
1. 2. 3. 4. Re-examine the external and internal muscular surfaces of the carcass (View) 5. If 1 or more suspect C. Bovis is found in 2 or more tissues during 1-5 complete the next steps 6. Incise each round exposing the musculature cross-section 7. Incise across each forelimb

Bovine (1 decks)

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