Bovine Diseases Flashcards by Stephanie Hoover

What is the cause of Anthrax?

Bacteria

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How does anthrax get transmitted?

Through infected soil

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What are the signs of anthrax?

Coughing and vomiting
Blessing from all parts of body
Sudden death

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How is anthrax prevented?

Vaccinations

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What are some cautions to take when there is anthrax?

Do not perform necropsy

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Is anthrax zoonotic?

Yes

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What is another name for anthrax?

Wool sorters disease

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What is another name for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis?

Pinkeye

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What are signs of pinkeye?

Inflamed conjunctiva

Corneal edema

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How do you prevent pinkeye

Vaccination 
Control flies (spread by flies)

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What do you do if your herd has foot and mouth disease?

Cull the entire herd

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What does BLV stand for?

Bovine leukemia virus

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Is rabies zoonotic

YES

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What causes hardware disease?

Wire or nails in reticulum

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What are some signs of hardware disease?

Off feed
Painful abdomen
Hunches back and doesn’t want to move

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How to prevent hardware disease?

Make sure there are no metal pieces in grazing area.

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How do you correct hardware disease?

Place a magnet inside rumen/reticulum to gather up metal objects

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What is the cause of lumpy jaw?

Bacteria, enters through cuts

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What are signs of lumpy jaw?

Abcess in tongue,
Hard to eat
Breathing difficulties
Unthriftiness

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How to prevent lumpy jaw?

Avoid chewing on sharp items

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What are cautions/treatment for lumpy jaw

Iodine treatment
Tetracyclines
Usually unsuccessful unless detected early

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What is the cause of wooden tongue?

Bacteria

Gain access to tongue through cuts and abrasions that occur from eating rough forage

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What are signs of wooden tongue?

Abscesses in tongue
Painful to eat and drink
Tongue protrudes

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How to prevent wooden tongue?

Avoid rough feed

Avoid chewing sharp objects

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What are some cautions for wooden tongue?

Can come back so monitor animal

Is leptospirosis zoonotic?

YES

What are signs of lepto?

Liver damage Red urine Jaundice

What is treatment of Lepto?

Antibiotics

How do you prevent Lepto?

Vaccine

How does humans get lepto?

Through infected urine

What is the cause of laminitis?

Over-eating grain

What are some signs of laminitis?

Lameness Tender to touch Bounding digital pulse Fever

How to prevent laminitis?

Avoid unlimited grain access

What does BVD stand for?

Bovine Viral Diarrhea

Signs of BVD?

Diarrhea Esophageal ulcers Abortion

How to prevent BVD?

Vaccine

What is another name for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)?

Red nose

What are signs of IBR?

``` Inflamed nose And excessive nasal discharge Fever Upper respiratory Depression Anorexia ```

What is another name for brucellosis?

Bangs disease

What are signs of brucellosis?

Female: late term abortions Male: scrotum swelling and red (can cause sterility)

How to prevent Brucellosis?

Ear Tag in Right ear to indicate Vaccine Tattoo in right ear

Is Brucellosis zoonotic?

Yes! Causes undulant fevers | No vx

What are some clostridial diseases?

Blackleg disease Malignant edema Black disease Tetanus

How is blackleg caused?

Gets in through open wounds on legs/limbs

What are signs of Blackleg?

Causes damage to skeletal muscle | Necrotic damage

How is Blackleg prevented?

Vaccine

What species does Blackleg affect?

Sheep and cows

How does malignant Edema get in large animals?

Through wounds

What are signs of Malignant edema

Damage to skeletal muscle (fatal)

How to prevent Malignant Edema?

Vaccine

What are signs of Tetanus?

Saw horse stance Stiff Seizures Prolapsed 3rd eyelid

What animal does mastitis affect?

Usually dairy cattle and dairy goats

What are signs of mastitis?

Swollen udder Skin color changes Watery, bloody, or clotted milk

How to prevent mastitis?

Dip teats after milking

What causes ketosis?

Last trimester of pregnancy or lactation

Signs of ketosis?

Off feed Wasting (decreased body condition) Nervous

How to diagnose ketosis?

Ketones in urine

What are the 2 types of bloat?

Free gas bloat | Frothy bloat

What is free gas bloat?

Free Gas in the rumen

What is frothy bloat?

Gas trapped inside tiny bubbles

What causes bloat?

High grain or fresh alfalfa diets produces slime, which traps gas in the rumen

What are signs of bloat?

Distended rumen Respiratory distress Death

Treatment of bloat

Convert frothy bloat to free gas bloat with Poloxalene (Therabloat) or mineral oil Then remove the trapped free gas with a stomach tube

What is cause of white muscle disease?

Vitamin E deficiency

Signs of white muscle disease

Lameness | Sudden death

What is another name for bovine spongiform Encephalopathy?

Mad cow disease

Signs of BSE?

``` Ataxia CNS Signs Frenzy Kicking and aggression Always fatal ```

What does milk fever cause

Hypocalcemia

Signs of milk fever

Cow goes down Weak muscles Can cause dystocia