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Large animal > Bovine Diseases > Flashcards

Bovine Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of Anthrax?

A

Bacteria

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2
Q

How does anthrax get transmitted?

A

Through infected soil

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3
Q

What are the signs of anthrax?

A

Coughing and vomiting
Blessing from all parts of body
Sudden death

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4
Q

How is anthrax prevented?

A

Vaccinations

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5
Q

What are some cautions to take when there is anthrax?

A

Do not perform necropsy

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6
Q

Is anthrax zoonotic?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What is another name for anthrax?

A

Wool sorters disease

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8
Q

What is another name for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis?

A

Pinkeye

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9
Q

What are signs of pinkeye?

A

Inflamed conjunctiva

Corneal edema

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10
Q

How do you prevent pinkeye

A 
Vaccination 
Control flies (spread by flies)
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11
Q

What do you do if your herd has foot and mouth disease?

A

Cull the entire herd

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12
Q

What does BLV stand for?

A

Bovine leukemia virus

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13
Q

Is rabies zoonotic

A

YES

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14
Q

What causes hardware disease?

A

Wire or nails in reticulum

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15
Q

What are some signs of hardware disease?

A

Off feed
Painful abdomen
Hunches back and doesn’t want to move

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16
Q

How to prevent hardware disease?

A

Make sure there are no metal pieces in grazing area.

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17
Q

How do you correct hardware disease?

A

Place a magnet inside rumen/reticulum to gather up metal objects

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18
Q

What is the cause of lumpy jaw?

A

Bacteria, enters through cuts

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19
Q

What are signs of lumpy jaw?

A

Abcess in tongue,
Hard to eat
Breathing difficulties
Unthriftiness

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20
Q

How to prevent lumpy jaw?

A

Avoid chewing on sharp items

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21
Q

What are cautions/treatment for lumpy jaw

A

Iodine treatment
Tetracyclines
Usually unsuccessful unless detected early

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22
Q

What is the cause of wooden tongue?

A

Bacteria

Gain access to tongue through cuts and abrasions that occur from eating rough forage

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23
Q

What are signs of wooden tongue?

A

Abscesses in tongue
Painful to eat and drink
Tongue protrudes

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24
Q

How to prevent wooden tongue?

A

Avoid rough feed

Avoid chewing sharp objects

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25
Q

What are some cautions for wooden tongue?

A

Can come back so monitor animal

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26
Q

Is leptospirosis zoonotic?

A

YES

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27
Q

What are signs of lepto?

A

Liver damage
Red urine
Jaundice

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28
Q

What is treatment of Lepto?

A

Antibiotics

29
Q

How do you prevent Lepto?

A

Vaccine

30
Q

How does humans get lepto?

A

Through infected urine

31
Q

What is the cause of laminitis?

A

Over-eating grain

32
Q

What are some signs of laminitis?

A

Lameness
Tender to touch
Bounding digital pulse
Fever

33
Q

How to prevent laminitis?

A

Avoid unlimited grain access

34
Q

What does BVD stand for?

A

Bovine Viral Diarrhea

35
Q

Signs of BVD?

A

Diarrhea
Esophageal ulcers
Abortion

36
Q

How to prevent BVD?

A

Vaccine

37
Q

What is another name for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)?

A

Red nose

38
Q

What are signs of IBR?

A 
Inflamed nose And excessive nasal discharge
Fever
Upper respiratory 
Depression
Anorexia
39
Q

What is another name for brucellosis?

A

Bangs disease

40
Q

What are signs of brucellosis?

A

Female: late term abortions
Male: scrotum swelling and red (can cause sterility)

41
Q

How to prevent Brucellosis?

A

Ear Tag in Right ear to indicate Vaccine

Tattoo in right ear

42
Q

Is Brucellosis zoonotic?

A

Yes! Causes undulant fevers

No vx

43
Q

What are some clostridial diseases?

A

Blackleg disease
Malignant edema
Black disease
Tetanus

44
Q

How is blackleg caused?

A

Gets in through open wounds on legs/limbs

45
Q

What are signs of Blackleg?

A

Causes damage to skeletal muscle

Necrotic damage

46
Q

How is Blackleg prevented?

A

Vaccine

47
Q

What species does Blackleg affect?

A

Sheep and cows

48
Q

How does malignant Edema get in large animals?

A

Through wounds

49
Q

What are signs of Malignant edema

A

Damage to skeletal muscle (fatal)

50
Q

How to prevent Malignant Edema?

A

Vaccine

51
Q

What are signs of Tetanus?

A

Saw horse stance

Stiff
Seizures
Prolapsed 3rd eyelid

52
Q

What animal does mastitis affect?

A

Usually dairy cattle and dairy goats

53
Q

What are signs of mastitis?

A

Swollen udder
Skin color changes
Watery, bloody, or clotted milk

54
Q

How to prevent mastitis?

A

Dip teats after milking

55
Q

What causes ketosis?

A

Last trimester of pregnancy or lactation

56
Q

Signs of ketosis?

A

Off feed
Wasting (decreased body condition)
Nervous

57
Q

How to diagnose ketosis?

A

Ketones in urine

58
Q

What are the 2 types of bloat?

A

Free gas bloat

Frothy bloat

59
Q

What is free gas bloat?

A

Free Gas in the rumen

60
Q

What is frothy bloat?

A

Gas trapped inside tiny bubbles

61
Q

What causes bloat?

A

High grain or fresh alfalfa diets

produces slime, which traps gas in the rumen

62
Q

What are signs of bloat?

A

Distended rumen
Respiratory distress
Death

63
Q

Treatment of bloat

A

Convert frothy bloat to free gas bloat with Poloxalene (Therabloat) or mineral oil

Then remove the trapped free gas with a stomach tube

64
Q

What is cause of white muscle disease?

A

Vitamin E deficiency

65
Q

Signs of white muscle disease

A

Lameness

Sudden death

66
Q

What is another name for bovine spongiform Encephalopathy?

A

Mad cow disease

67
Q

Signs of BSE?

A 
Ataxia
CNS Signs
Frenzy
Kicking and aggression
Always fatal
68
Q

What does milk fever cause

A

Hypocalcemia

69
Q

Signs of milk fever

A

Cow goes down
Weak muscles
Can cause dystocia

Large animal (2 decks)

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