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Dermatology (LHW) > Bovine dermatology > Flashcards

Bovine dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a macule? Is it a primary or secondary lesion?

A

Flattened area of colour change, <1cm

Primary

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2
Q

Vesicles are fluid filled blisters up to 1cm. What are larger vesicles called?

A

Bullae

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3
Q

What caused ‘hide damage’ on carcasses? However, it has not been present in the UK since 1990

A

Hypoderma bovis

Warble fly

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4
Q

Rub mark injuries are part of accreditiation schemes and buyer contracts. What do they usually indicate?

A

Environmental/housing issues

Bad cubicle design, feed barrier

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5
Q

What can rub marks lead to?

A

Hygroma

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6
Q

Name a sucking louse of cows

A

Lignonathus vituli

Haematopinus eurysterus

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7
Q

Name a biting louse of cows

A

Bovicola bovis

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8
Q

Apart from demodex, name 3 other types of mite, from mildest to worst

A

Chorioptes bovis
Sarcoptes scabiei
Psoroptes bovis

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9
Q

Which mite in cattle is zoonotic?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

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10
Q

Sarcoptes mites predilection site is…

A

Face, neck

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11
Q

Chorioptes and Psoroptes predilection sites are…

A

Legs, feet
Tail base
Caudal udder

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12
Q

How can you differentiate between Chorioptes and Psoroptes under a microscope?

A

Chorioptes - rounded head with cup shaped suckers

Psoroptes - pointed head, trumpet shaped suckrs

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13
Q

Give an example of a synthetic pyrethroid used to treat lice, mites and possibly ticks

A

Permethrin

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14
Q

What pathogen is the cause of ringworm in cattle?

A

Trichophyton verrucosum

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15
Q

How is ringworm in cattle (Trichophyton verrucosum) diagnosed?

A

Hair plack sample - culture, microscopy

T. verrucosum NOT Wood’s lamp +ve

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16
Q

How is ringworm treated/controlled?

A 
Clean and disinfect housing
Turn animals out - UV sensitive
Vaccine to reduce severity
Manual bathing/crust removal with chlorhexidine, iodine
Topical enilconazole
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17
Q

Wounds can sometimes be affected with pustular impetigo. What bacteria causes pustular impetigo?

A

Staphylococcus

18
Q

Pustular impetigo often affects wounds around the udder, perineum and ear tags. How should an infected ear tag be treated?

A

Remove tag
Replace in a different site
+/- antimicrobials if appropriate

19
Q

Abscesses in cattle are common in the lower jaw (due to trauma) and the popliteal LNs. What is the most common bacteria found in these abscesses?

A

Trueperella pyogenes

20
Q

How are abscesses in cattle treated?

A

Open and drain - flush with copious amounts of clean water

Appropriate parenteral antibiotics against gram +ve anaerobes

21
Q

What pathogen causes wooden tongue?

A

Actinobacillus ligneresii

22
Q

What pathogen causes lumpy jaw? (associated with underlying osteomyelitis)

A

Actinomyces bovis

23
Q

What pathogen causes Rain scald (Streptothricosis/Dermatophilosis)?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

24
Q

Rain scald (D. congolensi) is associated with warm weather and skin trauma, leading to soft, scabby pustular lesions. Where is the predilection site? What is the treatment?

A

Over back
Topical disinfectant
Systemic oxytetracycline/penicillin
Move to dry environment

25
Q

Cellulitis is usually peracute onset with high mortality. It is caused by opportunistic bacteria entering through a wound. What bacteria usually cause this? What is the treatment?

A

Opportunistic Staph or Clostridium

Systemic antibiotics

26
Q

Udder cleft dermatitis can be due to poor udder conformation. What pathogens and parasites are implicated in its onset?

A

Treponemes

Mites

27
Q

What is the treatment for udder cleft dermatitis?

A

Topical Ab spray

+/- systemic NSAIDs

28
Q

What causes ‘warts’ in cattle and how is it spread?

A

Bovine papilloma virus

Flies

29
Q

Bovine papilloma virus may persist in immunocompromised animals. How are they treated/controlled?

A

Surgical removal - if on penis, teats

Autogenous vaccine

30
Q

Bovine papular stomatitis usually affects the muzzle and lips. Bovine herpes mammalitis usually affects the teats and udder. What is the treatment for these conditions?

A

Generally self-limiting

No Tx required

31
Q

What deficiency causes poor growth rates, with a brown-tinged coat and spectacles?

A

Copper/molybdenum deficiency

32
Q

Photosensitisation usually affects unpigmented skin and can lead to secondary infections. Name a primary and secondary cause

A

Primary - St John’s Wort

Secondary - hepatogenous damage, accumulation of phylloerythrin from Ragwort

33
Q

Haematomas are common in dairy cattle. What is their treatment?

A

Most self-resolve

Do not open - distinguish from abscess with sterile centesis or ultrasound

34
Q

What is ‘blood sweating disease’ in calfs? What age is affected?

A

Bovine neonatal pancytopenia

Altered bone marrow function in calves <4 weeks

35
Q

What vaccine was thought to be associated with ‘blood sweating disease’ in calves, so was taken off the market?

A

BVD

36
Q

Urticaria or ‘blane’ usually has a sudden onset and affects which part of cattle?

A

Vulva

Causes oedema

37
Q

What is the treatment for urticaria/blane

A

Antihistamines
Corticosteroids or NSAIDs
Or resolves spontaneously

38
Q

What notifiable disease causes extreme pruritis and self-injury in cattle? It is known as pseudorabies

A

Aujeszky’s disease

39
Q

Besnoitiosis is a parasite called Besnoita besnoiti that is currently present in the Mediterranan. Cows are the intermediate hosts. What species are the definitive host? What acts as the vectors?

A

Cats definitive host

Biting flies act as vectors

40
Q

What causes ‘Lumpy skin disease’ that is currently present in Africa and the middle east, causing nodules, emaciation, lymphadenitis, mastitis and nasal discharge?

A

DNA poxvirus

Dermatology (LHW) (1 decks)

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