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Ruminants > Bovine > Flashcards

Bovine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for Shipping fever

A

BRD
Bovine Respiratory Disease

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2
Q

What are the 6 factors that causes shipping fever

A

BHV-1 – Bovine herpesvirus - 1
BRSV – Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
BPIV-3 – Bovine parainfluenza virus - 3
Mannheimia haemolytica
Pasteurella multocida
Stress

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3
Q

Is BHV-1 contagious

A

Yes

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4
Q

What are the two systems that BHV-1 targets

A

Respiratory system
Reproductive system

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5
Q

Whats the pathogenesis in BHV-1 in Lungs

A

Impairs function of PAM ( Alveolar macrophages )
-> Proliferation of M. haemolytica
–> Leukotoxin
Affects peripheral blood neutrophils
-> Enhance binding of Leukotoxin

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6
Q

Whats the pathogenesis in BHV-1in reproductive system

A

Clinical illness / Parenteral MLV vaccination
-> nonimmune pregnant cow

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7
Q

Abortion is most common in cows that are ___ months pregnant for BHV-1 infection

A

6 - 8 months

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8
Q

Is morbidity and mortality higher in feedlot cattle or dairy herd for BHV-1

A

Feedlot cattle

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9
Q

What are the 3 most important respiratory clinical signs for BHV-1?

A

Pneumonia
Nasal discharge
Red nose = Inflamed nares

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10
Q

Whats the prevention measure for BHV-1?
Whats its side effect

A

Vaccines
Side effect -> Potentially abortigenic

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11
Q

Which virus is BRSV serologically & genetically closely related to ?

A

HRSV

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12
Q

Is reinfection common due to recurring BRSV disease in summer time?

A

No
Reinfection is common
Disease mainly occur in COLD seasons

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13
Q

What are the 2 type of cells that BRSV mainly replicate in?

A

Ciliated respiratory epithelial cells
Type 2 pneumocyte

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14
Q

What are the 2 main pathogenesis for BRSV?

A

Airway obstruction
Airway hyperactivity

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15
Q

What is the antibody type that causes hypersensitivity?

A

IgE

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16
Q

What is the malignant form of BRSV?

A

PRDS ( Paroxystic respiratory distress syndrome )

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17
Q

Does airway obstruction or airway hyperactivity causes PRDS, and how?

A

Airway hyperactivity
BRSV can cause Extensive pulmonary mast cell degranulation which causes PRDS

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18
Q

Does BRSV cause intracytoplasmic or intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

BOTH

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19
Q

At what age is it more likely to develop viral pneumonia for BRSV

A

Under 6 months old

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20
Q

Why is antimicrobial drugs given for BRSV?

A

2nd bacterial infection is common
Small % develops Fatal interstitial pneumonia

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21
Q

Which virus is BPIV-3 serologically & genetically closely related to ?

A

HPIV-3

22
Q

What are the 3 type of cells that BPIV-3 mainly replicate in?

A

Ciliated respiratory epithelial cell
Pneumocytes
Alveolar macrophage ( PAM )

23
Q

What are the 2 pathogenesis for BPIV-3 infection?

A

Interference with pulmonary clearance & PAM
-> 2nd infection
Bronchoconstriction
-> Inflammation
-> Enhance constriction of respiratory smooth muscles

24
Q

Which virus is BPIV-3 similar to in terms of clinical signs

A

BRSV
-> Often milder than BRSV

25
Q

Is Mannheimia haemolytica G(+) or G(-)

A

G(-)

26
Q

Is Mannheimia haemolytica normally found in ruminants?

A

Yes
They are commensal bacteria

27
Q

How many serotypes are there for M.h.
Which serotype is often isolated from pneumonic lungs?

A

12 serotypes
Type 1 is isolated from pneumonic lungs

28
Q

What is the main virulent factor for M.h.
And how does it work

A

Leukotoxin
-> Low dose
–> Recruit and activate leukocyte
-> High dose
–> Lyse leukocyte & platelets
–> Neutrophil is ineffective in killing
–> Damages endothelial cell - Infarct

29
Q

What are the necrotic leukocytes called?

A

Oat cells

30
Q

What is the most common pneumonia caused by M.h.

A

Fibrinonecrotizing pneumonia

31
Q

What is the name for when a piece of dead tissue is isolated from the surrounding healthy tissues

A

Sequestrum

32
Q

Is Pasteurella multocida G(+) or G(-)?

A

G(-)

33
Q

Match the follow about P.m.

Normal habitant Upper respiratory
Opportunistic pathogen Lower respiratory

A

Normal habitant in upper respiratory
Opportunistic pathogen in lower respiratory

34
Q

Though having similar lung lesion to M.h.
what is the virulent factor that P.m. is missing which causes the absence of what cell?

A

Pasteurella multocida does not have Leukotoxin
therefore no Oat cell

35
Q

Why does calf infected by P.m. have “Sweaty coat”

A

Fever

36
Q

What is the prevention and control for P.m.

A

Reduce stressors
-> Precondition before transport
-> Minimize transportation time
-> Arrival processing (e.g. vaccination)
-> Vaccinate them 2-3 weeks before shipment

37
Q

What is BEF? and what is its other name

A

Bovine Ephemeral fever
3 day sickness

38
Q

What is the main transmission route for BEF
What else could help spread the disease

A

Main - Insect (e.g. mosquitoes )
Wind & animal transportation

39
Q

In what season is BEF the most prevalent?

A

Wet, hot season

40
Q

What type of fever would BEF cause?

A

Biphasic ( to polyphasic )

41
Q

Does BEF cause Purulent or Serous nasal and ocular discharge?

A

Serous nasal & ocular discharge

42
Q

Other than fever and nasal discharge
what are the other 2 clinical signs we have to look out for for BEF

A

Muscle
-> Stiffness
-> Lameness
Milk production
-> Decreased

43
Q

What is the prevention control for BEF

A

Vaccine
-> Inactivated
-> Live attenuated

44
Q

What is the family for Lumpy skin disease virus
what is lumpy skin disease also known as

A

Poxviridae
Netthling poxvirus

45
Q

In what season is lumpy skin disease the most prevalent?

A

Wet, hot seasons

46
Q

What is the main transmission route for lumpy skin disease

A

Arthropod

47
Q

Where would the outbreak usually be around for Lumpy skin disease?

A

Waterways
-> I guess its because of arthropods reproduction

48
Q

Does Lumpy skin disease causes increased / decreased milk production

A

Decreased

49
Q

What is the prevention & control for Lumpy skin disease

A

Live attenuated vaccine
Early detection

50
Q

Do we care about rinderpest

A

No

51
Q

What is the 3 cells that Rinderpest virus infect

A

Mucosal epithelial cells
Monocyte
Lymphocyte

52
Q

What is causes a HIGH morbidity & mortality rate in Rinderpest

A

Severe diarrhea & dehydration

Ruminants (1 decks)

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