Bovine

Question 1

What is the name for Shipping fever

Answer 1

BRD
Bovine Respiratory Disease

Question 2

What are the 6 factors that causes shipping fever

Answer 2

BHV-1 – Bovine herpesvirus - 1
BRSV – Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
BPIV-3 – Bovine parainfluenza virus - 3
Mannheimia haemolytica
Pasteurella multocida
Stress

Question 3

Is BHV-1 contagious

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What are the two systems that BHV-1 targets

Answer 4

Respiratory system
Reproductive system

Question 5

Whats the pathogenesis in BHV-1 in Lungs

Answer 5

Impairs function of PAM ( Alveolar macrophages )
-> Proliferation of M. haemolytica
–> Leukotoxin
Affects peripheral blood neutrophils
-> Enhance binding of Leukotoxin

Question 6

Whats the pathogenesis in BHV-1in reproductive system

Answer 6

Clinical illness / Parenteral MLV vaccination
-> nonimmune pregnant cow

Question 7

Abortion is most common in cows that are ___ months pregnant for BHV-1 infection

Answer 7

6 - 8 months

Question 8

Is morbidity and mortality higher in feedlot cattle or dairy herd for BHV-1

Answer 8

Feedlot cattle

Question 9

What are the 3 most important respiratory clinical signs for BHV-1?

Answer 9

Pneumonia
Nasal discharge
Red nose = Inflamed nares

Question 10

Whats the prevention measure for BHV-1?
Whats its side effect

Answer 10

Vaccines
Side effect -> Potentially abortigenic

Question 11

Which virus is BRSV serologically & genetically closely related to ?

Answer 11

HRSV

Question 12

Is reinfection common due to recurring BRSV disease in summer time?

Answer 12

No
Reinfection is common
Disease mainly occur in COLD seasons

Question 13

What are the 2 type of cells that BRSV mainly replicate in?

Answer 13

Ciliated respiratory epithelial cells
Type 2 pneumocyte

Question 14

What are the 2 main pathogenesis for BRSV?

Answer 14

Airway obstruction
Airway hyperactivity

Question 15

What is the antibody type that causes hypersensitivity?

Answer 15

IgE

Question 16

What is the malignant form of BRSV?

Answer 16

PRDS ( Paroxystic respiratory distress syndrome )

Question 17

Does airway obstruction or airway hyperactivity causes PRDS, and how?

Answer 17

Airway hyperactivity
BRSV can cause Extensive pulmonary mast cell degranulation which causes PRDS

Question 18

Does BRSV cause intracytoplasmic or intranuclear inclusion bodies

Answer 18

BOTH

Question 19

At what age is it more likely to develop viral pneumonia for BRSV

Answer 19

Under 6 months old

Question 20

Why is antimicrobial drugs given for BRSV?

Answer 20

2nd bacterial infection is common
Small % develops Fatal interstitial pneumonia

Question 21

Which virus is BPIV-3 serologically & genetically closely related to ?

Answer 21

HPIV-3

Question 22

What are the 3 type of cells that BPIV-3 mainly replicate in?

Answer 22

Ciliated respiratory epithelial cell
Pneumocytes
Alveolar macrophage ( PAM )

Question 23

What are the 2 pathogenesis for BPIV-3 infection?

Answer 23

Interference with pulmonary clearance & PAM
-> 2nd infection
Bronchoconstriction
-> Inflammation
-> Enhance constriction of respiratory smooth muscles

Question 24

Which virus is BPIV-3 similar to in terms of clinical signs

Answer 24

BRSV
-> Often milder than BRSV

Question 25

Is Mannheimia haemolytica G(+) or G(-)

Answer 25

G(-)

Question 26

Is Mannheimia haemolytica normally found in ruminants?

Answer 26

Yes They are commensal bacteria

Question 27

How many serotypes are there for M.h. Which serotype is often isolated from pneumonic lungs?

Answer 27

12 serotypes Type 1 is isolated from pneumonic lungs

Question 28

What is the main virulent factor for M.h. And how does it work

Answer 28

Leukotoxin -> Low dose --> Recruit and activate leukocyte -> High dose --> Lyse leukocyte & platelets --> Neutrophil is ineffective in killing --> Damages endothelial cell - Infarct

Question 29

What are the necrotic leukocytes called?

Answer 29

Oat cells

Question 30

What is the most common pneumonia caused by M.h.

Answer 30

Fibrinonecrotizing pneumonia

Question 31

What is the name for when a piece of dead tissue is isolated from the surrounding healthy tissues

Answer 31

Sequestrum

Question 32

Is Pasteurella multocida G(+) or G(-)?

Answer 32

G(-)

Question 33

Match the follow about P.m. Normal habitant Upper respiratory Opportunistic pathogen Lower respiratory

Answer 33

Normal habitant in upper respiratory Opportunistic pathogen in lower respiratory

Question 34

Though having similar lung lesion to M.h. what is the virulent factor that P.m. is missing which causes the absence of what cell?

Answer 34

Pasteurella multocida does not have Leukotoxin therefore no Oat cell

Question 35

Why does calf infected by P.m. have "Sweaty coat"

Answer 35

Fever

Question 36

What is the prevention and control for P.m.

Answer 36

Reduce stressors -> Precondition before transport -> Minimize transportation time -> Arrival processing (e.g. vaccination) -> Vaccinate them 2-3 weeks before shipment

Question 37

What is BEF? and what is its other name

Answer 37

Bovine Ephemeral fever 3 day sickness

Question 38

What is the main transmission route for BEF What else could help spread the disease

Answer 38

Main - Insect (e.g. mosquitoes ) Wind & animal transportation

Question 39

In what season is BEF the most prevalent?

Answer 39

Wet, hot season

Question 40

What type of fever would BEF cause?

Answer 40

Biphasic ( to polyphasic )

Question 41

Does BEF cause Purulent or Serous nasal and ocular discharge?

Answer 41

Serous nasal & ocular discharge

Question 42

Other than fever and nasal discharge what are the other 2 clinical signs we have to look out for for BEF

Answer 42

Muscle -> Stiffness -> Lameness Milk production -> Decreased

Question 43

What is the prevention control for BEF

Answer 43

Vaccine -> Inactivated -> Live attenuated

Question 44

What is the family for Lumpy skin disease virus what is lumpy skin disease also known as

Answer 44

Poxviridae Netthling poxvirus

Question 45

In what season is lumpy skin disease the most prevalent?

Answer 45

Wet, hot seasons

Question 46

What is the main transmission route for lumpy skin disease

Answer 46

Arthropod

Question 47

Where would the outbreak usually be around for Lumpy skin disease?

Answer 47

Waterways -> I guess its because of arthropods reproduction

Question 48

Does Lumpy skin disease causes increased / decreased milk production

Answer 48

Decreased

Question 49

What is the prevention & control for Lumpy skin disease

Answer 49

Live attenuated vaccine Early detection

Question 50

Do we care about rinderpest

Answer 50

No

Question 51

What is the 3 cells that Rinderpest virus infect

Answer 51

Mucosal epithelial cells Monocyte Lymphocyte

Question 52

What is causes a HIGH morbidity & mortality rate in Rinderpest

Answer 52

Severe diarrhea & dehydration