botony exam 3 Flashcards
In the LATE STAGES of the interaction between Nettle and Dodder plants in Spring, which of the
following statements best describe the interaction?
A. The nettles are parasitized by dodder plants
B. They have a mutualsitic relationship
C. The dodder plants are parasitized by nettles
D. Dodder grows epiphytically on the nettles
D. Dodder grows epiphytically on the nettles
. Daisy flowers exhibit heliotropism, what advantage to they get by doing this?
A. Protection of the gametes frrm frost at night
B. Enhanced attraction of pollinators
C. Increased activity of cold-blooded pollinators
D. B and C
D. B and C
Ceratocaryum is a plant with a very unusual seed dispersal mechanism, how are their seeds dispersed?
A. By being blown by the wind
B. By floating on water
C. They are eaten, carried, and defecated by Antelope
D. They are transported and buried by Dung beetles
D. They are transported and buried by Dung beetles
Myccorhizae are important components of forect ecosystems. What particular benefit to they bring to
PLANTS?
A. Improved uptake of inorganic nutrients
B. A means of communicating between plants
C. They provide sugars
D. A and B
D. A and B
5.Which of the following is NOT an evolutionary trend in angiosperm flowers?
A. Reduction in the number of floral parts
B. Expending more energy on making gametes
C. Fusion of floral parts
D. Change in symmetry from radial to bilateral
E. Dropping the ovary below the petals and sepals
B. Expending more energy on making gametes
6.Which group of compounds are major determinants of flower COLOR?
A. flavonoids
B. essential oils
C. sugars and amino acids
D. lipids
E. starch
A. flavonoids
7.Unscented, red, tubular, flower would most likely be pollinated by:
A. flies
B. bats
C. butterflies
D. birds
E. moths
D. birds
.Angiosperms have evolved numerous strategies to reduce inbreeding. Which is NOT on the list?
A. Single sex flowers
B. Photoperiod
C.Temporal separation of maturation of stamens versus carpels
D. morphologies that reduce self pollination
E. biochemical recognition systems that prevent pollen germination
B. Photoperiod
9.Flowers produce a wide variety of scents to attract pollinators, including nitrogen-containing compounds like
amines, which attract ________
A. flies
B. butterflies
C. birds
D. bats
E. bees
A. flies
10.The sequence of regions in a growing root, beginning immediately behind the root cap, is:
A. elongation, maturation, cell division.
B. cell division, maturation, elongation.
C. cell division, elongation, maturation.
D. elongation, cell division, maturation.
C. cell division, elongation, maturation.
11.Which of the following statements about the “ZONE OF MATURATION” of a root is/are TRUE?
A. It secretes mucigel
B. Root hairs form in this zone
C. The majority of cell expansion occurs in this zone
D. New cells are generated in this zone
E. B and D
B. Root hairs form in this zone
12.Legumes have “root nodules” that contain Rhizobium bacteria. Which important class of compounds do these
bacteria provide the plants with?
A. energy rich compounds
B. carbon-containing molecules
C. phosphorus containing compounds
D. nitrogen containing compounds
D. nitrogen containing compounds
13.Which of the following have evolved to help protect the apical meristem from herbivory in dandelions?
A. pneumatophores
B. prop roots
C. velamen
D. buttress roots
E. contractile roots
E. contractile roots
14.What does the PERICYCLE do in roots?
A. its cells divide to make lateral roots
B. force water to enter cells before entering the conducting tissues
C. control responses to daylength
D. its cells divide to make bark
E. regulates entry of minerals into the stele
A. its cells divide to make lateral roots
15.Which of the images could be a section through the root of a monocot seedling?
A
16.Which of the images is a section of a stem that is likely to undergo secondary growth?
B
- Which of the images is a section through the root of a plant that is likely to have leaves with a net-like
pattern of vascular tissues (veins)?
B
18.In which of the images above would an endodermis be present?
A. A and B
B. B and D
C. A and C
D. All of them
C. A and C
19.Which cell type does the arrow at the top of this diagram point to?
A. Guard cells
B. palisade mesophyll
C. epidermis
D. trichomes
C. epidermis
20.Based on the leaf section in the figure on the right what kind of habitat
does it show adaptations for?
A. “normal” environmental conditions on land
B. extremely dry conditions
C. extreme cold
D. living in water
B. extremely dry conditions
21.What is the function of BULLIFORM CELLS?
A. They transfer sugars into the vascualr system
B. Harvesting light energy by photosynthesis
C. They trap insects to supplement nutrition
D. They fold and unfold leaves in response to water stress
D. They fold and unfold leaves in response to water stress
22.What cation is very important in the regulation of stomatal opening/closing and what ist the process that
causes the turgor changes?
A. K+ / translocation
B. Na+ / translocation
C. K+/ osmosis
D. Na+ /osmosis
E. cations are not involved in guard cell regulation
C. K+/ osmosis
23.A true thorn is a:
A. modified branch
B. modified leaf
C. epidermal outgrowth
D. modified flower
A. modified branch
24.Which of the following storage organs are you eating when you eat an onion?
A. A rhizome
B. A corm
C. A bulb
D. A tuber
C. A bulb
25.What characteristic of ANGIOSPERM branches counteracts the force of gravity?
A. tension wood
B. compression wood
C. bark
D. Casparian strip
E. Bulliform cells
A. tension wood
26.What does the VASCULAR cambial meristem do?
A. make xylem cells
B. make all of the components of what we call bark
C. make phloem cells
D. make the tissues that replace the epidermis in organs with secondary growth
E. A and C
E. A and C
- If you remove a wide ring of bark from around the main trunk of a fruit tree what will happen?
A. the tree will die quickly because the leaves no longer receive water
B. the tree will grow better and produce larger fruit
C. the tree will die slowly because the roots gradually starve to death
D. nothing
C. the tree will die slowly because the roots gradually starve to death
28.What structures allow gas exchange through wine corks and perform the same function in plants?
A. stomata
B. pneumatophores
C. lenticels
D. Casparian strip
C. lenticels
29.If you buy “hormone rooting powder“ from a hardware store, what is the active ingredient?
A. phytochrome
B. cytokinin
C. auxin
D. gibberellin
C. auxin
30.Seeds that are particularly difficult to germinate are sometimes treated with a plant hormone to help
promote/induce germination - which plant hormone would be used to do this?
A. Abscisic acid
B. Gibberellin
C. Cytokinin
D. Ethylene
B. Gibberellin
31.If Abscisic Acid levels increase in leaves – what rapidly happens?
A. the plant wilts
B. increased transpiration
C. closure of the stomata
D. the leaves abscise
C. closure of the stomata
32.The plant hormone CYTOKININ is used commercially ………
A. as hormone rooting powder
B. as a selective herbicide
C. to promote fruit ripening
D. for delaying senescence of cut flowers
E. A and B
D. for delaying senescence of cut flowers
33.2,4-D is a selective herbicide that in low doses kills eudicots but not monocots. Which class of plant hormone
does 2,4-D belong to?
A. Gibberellin
B. Auxin
C. Cytokinin
D. Abscisic acid
E. Ethylene
B. Auxin
34.Unripe fruit can be induced to ripen by placing them in a bag with a ripe banana. Which plant hormone is the
banana producing to cause this effect?
A. Ethylene
B. Gibberellin
C. Cytokinin
D. Abscisic acid
A. Ethylene
35.If a shoot is GROWING TOWARDS a light source, it is exhibiting ________
A. positive phototropism
B. negative phototropism
C. photoperiodism
D. photosynthesis
A. positive phototropism
36.Which plant hormone is involved in gravitropism in plants?
A. statoliths
B. phytochrome
C. auxin
D. cytokinin
C. auxin
37.Which of the following molecules perceives day/night-length in plants?
A. auxin
B. phytochrome
C. abscisic acid
D. ethylene
E. cytokinin
B. phytochrome
38.All organisms have internal “biological clocks” that run on approximately 24 hr cycles. These clocks are set
to exactly 24 hrs by responding to environmental signals, through a process called ________
A. phototropism
B. entrainment
C. entertainment
D. solar tracking
E. etiolation
B. entrainment
39.Commercial growers of chrysanthemums can delay their flowering by a short light treatment in the middle of
the night because:
A.chrysanthemums are day neutral plants
B. chrysanthemums are short day plants
C. chrysanthemums are long day plants
D. of magic
B. chrysanthemums are short day plants
40.What is the scientific term given to the movement through phloem sap?
A. entrainment
B. osmosis
C. translocation
D. transpiration
C. translocation
41.The direction of xylem transport ___________
A. is always upward
B. is always downward
C. is determined by “source sink relationships
A. is always upward
42.What causes GUTTATION?
A. the cohesive properties of water
B. active transport of water
C. ion uptake and osmosis in roots
D. condensation of water vapor
C. ion uptake and osmosis in roots
43.Which of the following is involved in water transport through the xylem?
A. Evaporation of water from leaves
B. the cohesive properties of water
C. an unbroken chain of water molecules in the xylem
D. active pumping
E. A, B and C
E. A, B and C
- Movement of phloem sap is driven by pressure. How do plants regulate this process?
A. by actively transporting sucrose across membranes into sieve tubes
B. opening and closing their stomata
C. taking up ions in the root tissues
D. by pumping potassium ions out of guard cells
E. B and D
A. by actively transporting sucrose across membranes into sieve tubes
45.YELLOWING of plant tissue due to a nutrient deficiency symptom is called:
A. jaundice
B. chlorosis
C. necrosis
D. apoptosis
E. the Haber-Bosch process
B. chlorosis
46.Why do plant roots actively secrete hydrogen ions?
A. to kill pathogenic bacteria
B. to encourage the growth of beneficial bacteria
C. to make the soil turn from purplr to yellow
D. to displace positively charged nutrient ions from soils particles
E. to displace negatively charged nutrient ions from soils particles
D. to displace positively charged nutrient ions from soils particles
47.If the oldest leaves of the plants show nutrient deficiency, but the younger leaves look normal. What can you
deduce about the deficiency?
A. the deficient nutrient is a macronutrient
B. the deficient nutrient is a micronutrient
C. the deficient nutrient is not phloem mobile
D. the deficient nutrient is phloem mobile
C. the deficient nutrient is not phloem mobile
48.Over application and leaching of INORGANIC fertilizers from the soil can lead to:
A. Eutrophication of lakes and streams
B. Blue Baby Syndrome
C. Global warming
D. The greenhouse effect
E. A and B
E. A and B
49.Which process in the Nitrogen Cycle is the only one that moves nitrogen from the atmosphere into an organic
form that plants can absorb and use for growth?
A. nitrogen fixation
B. ammonification
C. nitrification
D. denitrification
A. nitrogen fixation
50.Due to a poor ability to retain nutrient ions, on which class of soil are most carnivorous plant found?
A. sandy
B. acid bog
C. loam
D. clay
B. acid bog
