Botha's Premiership

Question 1

Who became PM in 1978?

Answer 1

Botha

Question 2

What was Botha determined to do?

Answer 2

maintain white rule in the face of increasing threats to regime at home and abroad

Question 3

What did Botha realise he’d have to do?

Answer 3

Realised he’d need to make some reforms to apartheid but also maintain strong aggressive control

Question 4

State 5 problems that Botha faced

Answer 4

By 1980 SA was the last white gov in Africa

Lots of contradictions and problems with apartheid

White extremists unhappy

Increasing violence and opposition - police state not working

Increasing worldwide pressure for reform in SA

Question 5

Where was SA facing threat of invasion?

Answer 5

Facing ruthless onslaught from communist forces supported by USSR operating inside and outside of the country

Buffer states that had protected SA’s borders were falling away

Question 6

How was SA facing threat from international sanctions?

Answer 6

Foreign businesses under pressure to withdraw investments

Almost total artistic and sporting boycott of SA dbf increasing pressure for sanctions to isolate SA economically

Question 7

In SA what was the white black ratio like?

Answer 7

1 in 8 were white

Question 8

What did a new constitution in 1983 do?

Answer 8

Gave votes to Indians and coloureds

Question 9

In 1979 what was made legal?

Answer 9

Black trade unions

Question 10

in 1984 what did national union of mineworkers do?

Answer 10

called first legal strike by black miners for pay increase

Question 11

What couldn’t be stopped in SA?

Answer 11

Flow of black workers into towns as industry needed them

Non-white students were admitted to Uni of Stellenbosch

Question 12

What was happening to Petty Apartheid?

Answer 12

Slowly disappearing

Question 13

What stopped being segregated in 1981?

Answer 13

Beaches in cape province

Question 14

What was desegregated in 1985?

Answer 14

some hotels and restaurants

Question 15

what happened in Pretoria in 1983?

Answer 15

17 parks were closed to black people

Question 16

What % of Indians and coloureds didn’t vote in 1984?

Answer 16

80%

Question 17

what was permitted in 1985?

Answer 17

mixed marriages - but still prevented mixed race couples from living together

Question 18

By 1986 how many whites needed homes which didn’t exist in their areas?

Answer 18

600,000

Question 19

What happened in white areas?

Answer 19

around 37,000 empty houses and flats in white areas and owners were willing to sell to anyone

Question 20

By 1986 what was the population like in 3 Johannesburg suburbs?

Answer 20

25% of residents were Indian and black

Question 21

What did Botha abandon?

Answer 21

Pass laws

Question 22

What did Botha announce in January 1985?

Answer 22

stated gov would release Mandela if he rejected ANC violence but he refused

Question 23

what was Total Strategy?

Answer 23

Portrayed by its authors as the apartheid gov’s response to the perceived threat of Total Onslaught

Question 24

what was Total Onslaught?

Answer 24

Threat posed to SA by Soviet Union’s designs on the strategic value of SA as the industrial powerhouse of the African continent, the guardian of sea lanes around the Cape of Good Hope and in particular possession of enormous mineral wealth

Question 25

What 5 purposes was total onslaught/strategy used for?

Answer 25

Win support of western gov’s

Justify repression of blacks - especially those against gov

Brainwash whites into closing ranks, particularly within security and judiciary - even condoned torture and killing of political activists

Justify destabilisation of SA neighbours

Maintain apartheid power whilst appearing as sole supporter of western democracy in Africa

Question 26

What did Botha set up in 1982?

Answer 26

State Security Council - consisted of army generals and police chiefs

Question 27

How much influence did the SSC have?

Answer 27

More influence over Botha than politicians in his cabinet

Question 28

What was SSC supported by?

Answer 28

by system of local Joint Management Centres, run by local police chief or army brigadier, almost a parallel government

Question 29

state 5 ways Botha changed the armed forces

Answer 29

increased size

Every SA male had 2 years of mandatory service

Men could also be called to do up to 720 days of extra service at regular intervals or times of emergency

2000 kids went on regular camps run by army

by 1981 SADF numbered over 250,000 with another 250,000 in reserve

Question 30

what did Botha set up in response to arms boycott?

Answer 30

Set up ARMSCOR

Question 31

Between 1974-1981 how did military spending increase?

Answer 31

rose from 700 million ran to 3000 million rand

Question 32

What did Botha make little effort to do?

Answer 32

win white support

Question 33

In 1987 elections how popular was Nationalist party?

Answer 33

37% of Afrikaners didn’t support the party

Question 34

In 1974 how many working days are lost through strikes?

Answer 34

14,167

Question 35

in 1982 how many working days were lost through strikes?

Answer 35

365,337

Question 36

how did trade unions become more powerful?

Answer 36

Strong leaders emerged such as Ramaphosa

No legal political mass organisations for blacks so trade unions filled these gaps

Question 37

by 1980 how much of the population was under 25?

Answer 37

1/2

Question 38

what protests against education happened between 1980-81?

Answer 38

nearly 100,000 school and uni students boycotted classes in protest of conditions

Question 39

What did loosening of influx policies result in?

Answer 39

meant that blacks flooded into cities and housing situation became desperate - by mid 80’s new settlements were being built under international pressure

Question 40

What did the UDF do?

Answer 40

produced leaflets, posters and organised door to door visits

ideals same as ANC

Huge revival in interest of Mandela’s release

Question 41

In August 1984 how many Indians and coloureds voted?

Answer 41

29% of coloureds and 19% of Indians

Question 42

What was the Vaal triangle?

Answer 42

area of black townships

Question 43

when was the Vaal triangle uprising?

Answer 43

1984-5

Question 44

What did protestors start with in Vaal triangle uprising?

Answer 44

school boycott

Question 45

What did proteters in Vaal triangle demand?

Answer 45

ban of unqualified teachers
access to free books and paper
end to corporal punishment and sexual harassment