botany quiz long Flashcards
Roots are the reason plants remain attached to the ground. They support the plant body, ensuring that it stands erect.
ANCHORING
FUNCTION OF ROOTS
Anchorage
Absorption
Storage
Reproduction
Ecological Function
Primary function of the roots is to absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. This is crucial as it helps in the process of photosynthesis.
ABSORPTION
Plants prepare food and store in the form of starch in the leaves, shoots and roots. Prominent examples
include carrots, radish, beetroot, etc.
STORAGE
Even though roots are not the reproductive part of plants, they are vegetative parts. In some plants, the roots are a means of reproduction.
REPRODUCTION
They check soil erosion, provide sustenance and also habitat to various organisms.
ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION
TYPES OF ROOTS
TAP ROOTS
FIBROUS ROOTS
have a main central root upon which, small, lateral roots called root hairs are attached.
Most plants with taproots firmly anchor in the soil and can survive drought conditions as the roots can stretch to great depths for water.
TAP ROOTS
Most common type of taproot. This root type has a wide top and taper toward bottom end to give a conical shape
Conical
It has a wide middle section and tappers toward both ends forming a two-sided fusion of conical roots
Fusiform
This root type has a wide top and taper suddenly to a pointed bottom end. They are more petite.
Napiform
on the other hand, are bushy roots in which thin, moderately branching roots grow from the stem.
FIBROUS ROOTS
TYPE OF ROOTS SYSTEM
Primary roots
Tertiary roots
Secondary roots
Some plants have roots that are specialized to perform functions other than their primary function of water absorption and anchorage
SPECIALIZED ROOTS
SPECIALIZED ROOTS
- Food Storage
- Water Storage
- Reproduction
- Gas exchange
- Support
- Protection
- Photosynthesis
A storage root is a specialized underground organ that undergoes modifications during its development to store nutrients.
Food storage
WHAT IS A STEM?
The stem is the organ of the plant that holds the structure such as leaves, flowers and fruits.
Stem also carry water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.
FUNCTION OF THE STEM
Stems have many important jobs in a plant.
Stems are responsible for the size and shape of a plant.
Some stems are made of wood, and some are herbaceous or soft.
FUNCTION OF THE STEM
1.Stems support the leaves. They hold the leaves in the most efficient position to collect sunlight.
2.Stems move water, minerals, and manufactured food throughout the whole plant. The movement of materials through vascular tissues is known as translocation
FUNCTION OF THE STEM
Stems that are green in color help produce food through photosynthesis. While this is not usually the primary food production, it can be quite important in plants with no leaves or very small leaves
- Stems store food that has been manufactured by the plant.
FUNCTION OF THE STEM
Stems that are green in color help produce food through photosynthesis. While this is not usually the primary food production, it can be quite important in plants with no leaves or very small leaves
- Stems store food that has been manufactured by the plant.
TWO TYPES OF STEM
1.Herbaceous
2.Woody
Has soft, green stem and naked bud
2.Covered with epidermis
3.Grow to a small diameter
- Lives only for one season (annual)
- With primary tissues only
Herbaceous Stems
. Has brown cover and chiefly covered by scales
- Covered with periderm or bark
- Grow to a considerable diameter
- Lives year after year (perennial)
- With secondary tissues
Woody Stems
