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botany quiz > botany quiz long > Flashcards

botany quiz long Flashcards

1
Q

Roots are the reason plants remain attached to the ground. They support the plant body, ensuring that it stands erect.

A

ANCHORING

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2
Q

FUNCTION OF ROOTS

A

Anchorage

Absorption

Storage

Reproduction

Ecological Function

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3
Q

Primary function of the roots is to absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. This is crucial as it helps in the process of photosynthesis.

A

ABSORPTION

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4
Q

Plants prepare food and store in the form of starch in the leaves, shoots and roots. Prominent examples

include carrots, radish, beetroot, etc.

A

STORAGE

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5
Q

Even though roots are not the reproductive part of plants, they are vegetative parts. In some plants, the roots are a means of reproduction.

A

REPRODUCTION

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6
Q

They check soil erosion, provide sustenance and also habitat to various organisms.

A

ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION

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7
Q

TYPES OF ROOTS

A

TAP ROOTS

FIBROUS ROOTS

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8
Q

have a main central root upon which, small, lateral roots called root hairs are attached.

Most plants with taproots firmly anchor in the soil and can survive drought conditions as the roots can stretch to great depths for water.

A

TAP ROOTS

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9
Q

Most common type of taproot. This root type has a wide top and taper toward bottom end to give a conical shape

A

Conical

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10
Q

It has a wide middle section and tappers toward both ends forming a two-sided fusion of conical roots

A

Fusiform

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11
Q

This root type has a wide top and taper suddenly to a pointed bottom end. They are more petite.

A

Napiform

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12
Q

on the other hand, are bushy roots in which thin, moderately branching roots grow from the stem.

A

FIBROUS ROOTS

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13
Q

TYPE OF ROOTS SYSTEM

A

Primary roots
Tertiary roots
Secondary roots

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14
Q

Some plants have roots that are specialized to perform functions other than their primary function of water absorption and anchorage

A

SPECIALIZED ROOTS

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15
Q

SPECIALIZED ROOTS

A
  1. Food Storage
  2. Water Storage
  3. Reproduction
  4. Gas exchange
  5. Support
  6. Protection
  7. Photosynthesis
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16
Q

A storage root is a specialized underground organ that undergoes modifications during its development to store nutrients.

A

Food storage

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17
Q

WHAT IS A STEM?

A

The stem is the organ of the plant that holds the structure such as leaves, flowers and fruits.

Stem also carry water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.

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18
Q

FUNCTION OF THE STEM

A

Stems have many important jobs in a plant.

Stems are responsible for the size and shape of a plant.

Some stems are made of wood, and some are herbaceous or soft.

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19
Q

FUNCTION OF THE STEM

A

1.Stems support the leaves. They hold the leaves in the most efficient position to collect sunlight.

2.Stems move water, minerals, and manufactured food throughout the whole plant. The movement of materials through vascular tissues is known as translocation

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20
Q

FUNCTION OF THE STEM

A

Stems that are green in color help produce food through photosynthesis. While this is not usually the primary food production, it can be quite important in plants with no leaves or very small leaves

  1. Stems store food that has been manufactured by the plant.
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21
Q

FUNCTION OF THE STEM

A

Stems that are green in color help produce food through photosynthesis. While this is not usually the primary food production, it can be quite important in plants with no leaves or very small leaves

  1. Stems store food that has been manufactured by the plant.
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22
Q

TWO TYPES OF STEM

A

1.Herbaceous

2.Woody

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23
Q

Has soft, green stem and naked bud

2.Covered with epidermis

3.Grow to a small diameter

  1. Lives only for one season (annual)
  2. With primary tissues only
A

Herbaceous Stems

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24
Q

. Has brown cover and chiefly covered by scales

  1. Covered with periderm or bark
  2. Grow to a considerable diameter
  3. Lives year after year (perennial)
  4. With secondary tissues
A

Woody Stems

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25
Q

is a point on the stem from which leaves or buds arise.

A

node

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26
Q

The portionbetween two successive nodes is the

A

internode

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27
Q

is an embryonic stem which has the potential forf urther plant growth. It may develop into a leaf, flower, or both.

A

bud

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28
Q

occurs in the angle between the petiole and the stem

A

bud

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29
Q

A stalk, called the petiole, attaches the leaf blade to the stem.

A

petiole

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30
Q

paired leaf-like appendages at the base of the petiole.

A

stipules

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31
Q

scar left by a fallen leaf.

A

Leaf scars

32
Q

scars that mark the location of the water- conducting tissue located within the leaf scars.

A

bundle scars

33
Q

dark spots or elevation that allows gas exchange in the stem

A

lenticels

34
Q

, in Botany, any usually flattened green outgrowth from the stem of a vascular plant.

A

Leaf

35
Q

The food making factories of green plants.

Leaves come in many different shapes and sizes.

A

leaf

36
Q

Most leaves are usually green, due to the presence of chlorophyll in the leaf cells.

However, some leaves may have different colors, caused by other plant pigments that mask the green chlorophyll.

A

leaf

37
Q

FUNCTION OF THE LEAVES

A

Free exchange of nutrients

Photosynthesis

It creates shade and shelter to wildlife

Source of food

It can be used as medicine Defense

38
Q

It is the stalk that connects a leaf to the stem of the plant, it is made of complex conducting tissues called vascular tissues

A

PETIOLE

39
Q

It is the lowermost part of a leaf, which is closest to the petiole.

A

Leaf Base

40
Q

It is the thin, flat part of the leaf that is typically green in color

A

Leaf Blade

41
Q

helps in draining excess water without damaging the structure of the leaf.

A

Leaf Apex-

42
Q

allows the leaf to have a hard surface and reduces water loss

A

leaf margin

43
Q

The arrangement of leaves on a stem is known as phyllotaxy.

The number and placement of a plant’s leaves will vary depending on the species, with each species exhibiting a characteristic leaf arrangement.

A

leaf arrangement

44
Q

The arrangement of leaves on a stem is known as

A

phyllotaxy

45
Q

single leaf is present at each node

This is the most common arrangement, plants with this type of phyllotaxy are lansones, sunflower, five fingers, santol and mango.

A

alternative

46
Q

Two leaves arise from each. node opposite each other.

They may be at right angles to

the upper or lowerpair.

Examples: Guava, Japanese bamboo and Makopa

A

Opposite

47
Q

There are more than two leaves at each node in a circle or whorl

Examples: yellow bell and dita

A

whorled

48
Q

the characteristic reproductive structure of angiosperms. Flower is the part of the shoot system specializing in sexual reproduction.

A

flower

49
Q

They are not only involved in reproduction but are also a source of food for other living organisms.

A

flower

50
Q

the stalk that supports a single flower.

A

pedicel

51
Q

The enlarged tip of the pedicel from which floral parts arise

A

receptacle

52
Q

One of the several leaf-like structures that make up the outermost circle of the floral parts. It is usually green in color and protects the flower while it is still a bud

A

sepal

53
Q

The collective term for all SEPALS.

A

calyx

54
Q

One of the colored leaf-like structures that occurs in one or more circles within the sepals. Petals are modified leaves and are often brightly coloured to attract specific pollinators to the flower

A

petals

55
Q

The collective term for all PETALS.

A

corolla

56
Q

The collective term for the sepals AND petals

A

PERIANTH

57
Q

The seed-bearing organ of the flower usually; pear shaped and found at the center of the flower

A

pistil

58
Q

It is composed of the

A

ovary

  1. style and 3. stigma.

They are collectively called gynoecium.

59
Q

The enlarged basal part of the pistil

A

ovary

60
Q

Long and slender neck-like part extending from the ovary. It serves as a passageway for the pollen from the stigma to the ovary

A

style

61
Q
  • Sticky part found at the tip of the style to which the pollen adheres after pollination
A

stigma

62
Q

The essential male part of the flower consisting of anther and a filament. The anther and the Stame filament are collectively called androecium

A

stamen

63
Q

where pollen grains are produced. It is supported by the slender filament and usually consists of four pollen sacs.

A

anther

64
Q

the slender stalk that supports the anther

A

filament

65
Q

The stamens and pistils are directly involved with the production of seed. Fertilization can occur only if the pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma of a pistil, a process known as pollination.

Self-Pollination

Cross-Pollination

A

pollination

66
Q

The fruit is the mature ovary of a flower in a fruit bearing tree.

All fruits arise from flowers.

A

fruit

67
Q

are seed-bearing structures. It develops from a ripe ovary.

They are a rich source of vitamin, minerals and fibres.)

A

fruit

68
Q

The mature ovary wall of the fruit is called pericarp.

Seed Endosperm

Embryo Seed coat

Endocarp Mesocarp

The pericarp is made up of three distinct layers:

exocarp (outermost layer), mesocarp (middle layer) and endocarp (innermost layer

A

pericarp

69
Q

are ripened fertilized ovules. It is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering

A

seed

70
Q

It is the tissue that surrounds and nourishes the embryo in the seeds of flowering plants.

seed coat

Storing of reserve foods that provide nourishment to the developing plant Protecting the embryo, the next part of the seed, by acting as the mechanical barrier.

A

endosperm

71
Q

They are the young plant that is developing inside the seed coat. An embryo contains the underdeveloped tissues of leaves, stem, and roots of a plant.

Giving rise to a new complete new plant Storing food and nourishing the baby plant

A

embryo

72
Q

They are the protective outer covering of a seed that is usually hard, thick, and brownish in color. The seed coat is formed from the outer covering of the ovule called the integument.

Protecting the seed from physical and mechanical damage

Preventing the excessive loss of water from the seeds

Acting as a physical barrier against the entry of parasites

A

seed coat

73
Q

These fruits develop from a single matured ovary in a single flower. Apple, banana, cherry pear, plum, tomato are few examples of simple fruits.

A

simple fruit

74
Q

a berry like fruit covered with a thick, leathery skin containing oil and locules filled with fleshy outgrowths containing juice

A

HESPERIDIUM

75
Q

These fruits develop from a number of matured ovaries formed in a single flower. Individual ovaries are called “fruitlets.”

Blackberry, raspberry, strawberry are few examples of aggregate fruits

A

AGGREGIATE FRUITS

76
Q

These fruits develop from a complete inflorescence. these are also known as multiple fruits.

A

composite fruit

botany quiz (2 decks)

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