Botany hahah Flashcards
also called plant science(s) or plant biology
- the science of plant life; branch of biology
Botany
Botany came from what ancient Greek word
botanē, pasture, grass, fodder
Study of Fungi
Mycology
Study of Algae
Phycology or Algology
IBC stands for
International Botanical Congress
- a convention that brings together scientists from around the world to discuss new research in the plant sciences; held once every six years
International Botanical Congress (IBC)
How many species do botanist study nowadays
approximately 400,000 species
How many species were vascular plants
260,000 species
How many were flowering plants (angiosperms)
248,000
How many percent of living plant species are angiosperms
90%
What does “mya” mean
Millions of years ago
Origin of land plants
about 475 mya
Origin of vascular plants
about 420 mya
Origin of extant seed plants
about 305 mya
What did Land Plants evolved from
Green algae
What is the closest relative of land plants
Charophyceae or charophyceans
What indicates that plants were on land 475 million years ago
Fossil Evidence
What has been extracted from 475 million year old rocks
Fossilized spores and tissues
Two types of Asexual reporduction
Vegetative and Apomixis
any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant or grows from a specialized reproductive structure (such as a stolon, rhizome, tuber, corm, or bulb).
Vegetative Reproduction
the asexual formation of a seed from the maternal tissues of the ovule, avoiding the processes of meiosis and fertilization, leading to embryo development.
Apomixis Reproduction
Botany originated from what
Herbalism
the study and use of plants for their medicinal properties
Herbalism
early botanical works have been found in ancient texts from
India before 1100 BC in archaic avestian writings and in China
where was modern botany traced back to its roots
Ancient Greece
Who is the Father of Botany
Theophrastus (371 - 287 BC)
Theophrastus was a student of
Aristotle
2 major works of Theophrastus
Enquiry into Plants or Historia Plantarum and On the Causes of Plants
when was Historia Plantarum written
between 350 BC and 287 BC
how many volume of Historia Plantarum was written
10
how many volumes survived
9 out of 10
who translated Historia Plantarum into Latin in 1483
Theodorus of Gaza
who translated Historia Plantarum into english and was published in 1916
Sir Arthur Hort
Greek physician and pharmacologist and made an early impact in De Materia Medica
Pedanius Dioscorides
The first leading pharmacological text (pharmacopoeia) and foremost classical source of modern botanical terminology, focused on “the preparation, properties, and testing of drugs.”
De Materia Medica
How many volume has De Materia Medica have
5
a book describing drugs and their uses
Pharmacopoeia
he was Physician and his book De Historia Stirpium was published in Latin in 1542, the first herbal to illustrate native plants from the Americas.
Leonhart Fuchs (1501– 1566)
He is a Theologian and his three-volume Herbarum vivae eicones (Living Images of Plants), published in the 1530s.
Otto Brunfels (1489–1534)
He is a physician and Lutheran minister, he created his own system of plant classification. His major work, the New Kreuterbuch (1539), broke from the past by providing detailed descriptions and (in the 1546 edition) careful illustrations of approximately 700 plants, which he classified on the basis of structural similarity.
Hieronymus Bock (1498–1554)
Hieronymus Bock latin name
Hieronymus Tragus
A Physician & Botanist. Authored the first official pharmacopoeia in Germany, the Dispensatorium
Valerius Cordus (1515–1544)
what are the works of Valerius Cordus
Annotationes in Dioscoridis de materia medica lihros (1549) and Historiae stirpium libri IV (1561); the later was followed by Stirpium descriptionis liber quintus (1563).
regarded as one of the fathers of pharmacognistics
Valerius Cordus
how many plants did Valerius Cordus described approximately
225 medicinal plants and minerals
he coined the word “celluale”
Robert Hooke
He coined the terms — corolla, stamen, filament, anther, and Mammalia
Carl von Linné (Carolus Linnaeus)
He published ________ with rules for the formulation of generic names
Critica botanica (1735)
book created by Carlolus Linnaeus that is about the rules for species descriptions, terminology, and even instructions on how to build a proper herbarium
Fundamenta botanica (1736) and Philosophia botanica (1751)
a book about the list of all known genera
Genera Plantarum (1735)
________ was a microscopist and an early plant anatomist who co-founded the “Cell theory” with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow and was among the first to grasp the significance of the cell nucleus that had been described by Robert Brown in 1831
Matthias Schleiden
_____________ work on plant anatomy is still a major foundation of modern botany
Katherine Esau (1898–1997)
what books of Katherine Esau has been the key of plant structural biology texts for more than half a century
Plant Anatomy and Anatomy of Seed Plants
discovered and identified auxin (a PGR) which enabled the regulation of plant growth by externally applied chemicals.
Kenneth V. Thimann
PGR meaning
Plant Growth Regulator
was the one who pioneered techniques of micropropagation and plant tissue culture controlled by PGRs
Frederick Campion Steward
______ is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium. It is widely used to clone plants
Plant tissue culture
APG meaning
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
are the backbone of all life on Earth and an essential resource for human being
Plants
generate large proportion of the oxygen and food that provide humans and other organisms with the chemical energy they need to exist.
Plants
are the major groups of organisms that carry out photosynthesis
Plants, algae and cyanobacteria
is required by nearly all living things to carry out cellular respiration
Oxygen
How is pollution reduced by plants
They absorb carbon dioxide, sound from the environment
are crucial to the future of human society as they provide food, oxygen, medicine, and products for the people, as well as creating and preserving soil.
Plants
