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General Biology > Botany hahah > Flashcards

Botany hahah Flashcards

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1
Q

also called plant science(s) or plant biology
- the science of plant life; branch of biology

A

Botany

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2
Q

Botany came from what ancient Greek word

A

botanē, pasture, grass, fodder

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3
Q

Study of Fungi

A

Mycology

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4
Q

Study of Algae

A

Phycology or Algology

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5
Q

IBC stands for

A

International Botanical Congress

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6
Q
  • a convention that brings together scientists from around the world to discuss new research in the plant sciences; held once every six years
A

International Botanical Congress (IBC)

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7
Q

How many species do botanist study nowadays

A

approximately 400,000 species

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8
Q

How many species were vascular plants

A

260,000 species

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9
Q

How many were flowering plants (angiosperms)

A

248,000

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10
Q

How many percent of living plant species are angiosperms

A

90%

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11
Q

What does “mya” mean

A

Millions of years ago

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12
Q

Origin of land plants

A

about 475 mya

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13
Q

Origin of vascular plants

A

about 420 mya

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14
Q

Origin of extant seed plants

A

about 305 mya

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15
Q

What did Land Plants evolved from

A

Green algae

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16
Q

What is the closest relative of land plants

A

Charophyceae or charophyceans

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17
Q

What indicates that plants were on land 475 million years ago

A

Fossil Evidence

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18
Q

What has been extracted from 475 million year old rocks

A

Fossilized spores and tissues

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19
Q

Two types of Asexual reporduction

A

Vegetative and Apomixis

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20
Q

any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant or grows from a specialized reproductive structure (such as a stolon, rhizome, tuber, corm, or bulb).

A

Vegetative Reproduction

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21
Q

the asexual formation of a seed from the maternal tissues of the ovule, avoiding the processes of meiosis and fertilization, leading to embryo development.

A

Apomixis Reproduction

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22
Q

Botany originated from what

A

Herbalism

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23
Q

the study and use of plants for their medicinal properties

A

Herbalism

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24
Q

early botanical works have been found in ancient texts from

A

India before 1100 BC in archaic avestian writings and in China

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25
Q

where was modern botany traced back to its roots

A

Ancient Greece

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26
Q

Who is the Father of Botany

A

Theophrastus (371 - 287 BC)

27
Q

Theophrastus was a student of

A

Aristotle

28
Q

2 major works of Theophrastus

A

Enquiry into Plants or Historia Plantarum and On the Causes of Plants

29
Q

when was Historia Plantarum written

A

between 350 BC and 287 BC

30
Q

how many volume of Historia Plantarum was written

A

10

31
Q

how many volumes survived

A

9 out of 10

32
Q

who translated Historia Plantarum into Latin in 1483

A

Theodorus of Gaza

33
Q

who translated Historia Plantarum into english and was published in 1916

A

Sir Arthur Hort

34
Q

Greek physician and pharmacologist and made an early impact in De Materia Medica

A

Pedanius Dioscorides

35
Q

The first leading pharmacological text (pharmacopoeia) and foremost classical source of modern botanical terminology, focused on “the preparation, properties, and testing of drugs.”

A

De Materia Medica

36
Q

How many volume has De Materia Medica have

A

5

37
Q

a book describing drugs and their uses

A

Pharmacopoeia

38
Q

he was Physician and his book De Historia Stirpium was published in Latin in 1542, the first herbal to illustrate native plants from the Americas.

A

Leonhart Fuchs (1501– 1566)

39
Q

He is a Theologian and his three-volume Herbarum vivae eicones (Living Images of Plants), published in the 1530s.

A

Otto Brunfels (1489–1534)

40
Q

He is a physician and Lutheran minister, he created his own system of plant classification. His major work, the New Kreuterbuch (1539), broke from the past by providing detailed descriptions and (in the 1546 edition) careful illustrations of approximately 700 plants, which he classified on the basis of structural similarity.

A

Hieronymus Bock (1498–1554)

41
Q

Hieronymus Bock latin name

A

Hieronymus Tragus

42
Q

A Physician & Botanist. Authored the first official pharmacopoeia in Germany, the Dispensatorium

A

Valerius Cordus (1515–1544)

43
Q

what are the works of Valerius Cordus

A

Annotationes in Dioscoridis de materia medica lihros (1549) and Historiae stirpium libri IV (1561); the later was followed by Stirpium descriptionis liber quintus (1563).

44
Q

regarded as one of the fathers of pharmacognistics

A

Valerius Cordus

45
Q

how many plants did Valerius Cordus described approximately

A

225 medicinal plants and minerals

46
Q

he coined the word “celluale”

A

Robert Hooke

47
Q

He coined the terms — corolla, stamen, filament, anther, and Mammalia

A

Carl von Linné (Carolus Linnaeus)

48
Q

He published ________ with rules for the formulation of generic names

A

Critica botanica (1735)

49
Q

book created by Carlolus Linnaeus that is about the rules for species descriptions, terminology, and even instructions on how to build a proper herbarium

A

Fundamenta botanica (1736) and Philosophia botanica (1751)

50
Q

a book about the list of all known genera

A

Genera Plantarum (1735)

51
Q

________ was a microscopist and an early plant anatomist who co-founded the “Cell theory” with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow and was among the first to grasp the significance of the cell nucleus that had been described by Robert Brown in 1831

A

Matthias Schleiden

52
Q

_____________ work on plant anatomy is still a major foundation of modern botany

A

Katherine Esau (1898–1997)

53
Q

what books of Katherine Esau has been the key of plant structural biology texts for more than half a century

A

Plant Anatomy and Anatomy of Seed Plants

54
Q

discovered and identified auxin (a PGR) which enabled the regulation of plant growth by externally applied chemicals.

A

Kenneth V. Thimann

55
Q

PGR meaning

A

Plant Growth Regulator

56
Q

was the one who pioneered techniques of micropropagation and plant tissue culture controlled by PGRs

A

Frederick Campion Steward

57
Q

______ is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium. It is widely used to clone plants

A

Plant tissue culture

58
Q

APG meaning

A

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

59
Q

are the backbone of all life on Earth and an essential resource for human being

A

Plants

60
Q

generate large proportion of the oxygen and food that provide humans and other organisms with the chemical energy they need to exist.

A

Plants

61
Q

are the major groups of organisms that carry out photosynthesis

A

Plants, algae and cyanobacteria

62
Q

is required by nearly all living things to carry out cellular respiration

A

Oxygen

63
Q

How is pollution reduced by plants

A

They absorb carbon dioxide, sound from the environment

64
Q

are crucial to the future of human society as they provide food, oxygen, medicine, and products for the people, as well as creating and preserving soil.

A

Plants

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