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Botany > Botany Final Exam > Flashcards

Botany Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Which is correct
A. Prokaryotic cells contain chloroplasts
B. Prokaryotic cells have cell walls made of cellulose
C. Prokaryotic cells have a greater metabolic rate than eukaryotes
D. All prokaryotic cells are hetertrophic
E. More than one of the above
F. All of the above
G. None of the above

A

G. None of the above

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2
Q

Which is correct
A. Eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes
B. Eukaryotic cells have nuclei
C. All eukaryotic cells are heterotrophic
D. Eukaryotic cells have greater metabolic diversity than prokaryotic cells
E. More than one the above
F. All of the above
G. None of the above

A

E. More than one of the above

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3
Q

Which is correct
A. All cells have a plasma membrane
B. All cells have ribosomes
C. All cells have genetic material
D. All cells have mitochondria
E. More than one above
F. All of the above
G. None of the above

A

E. More than one of the above

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4
Q

Which is correct
A. Both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic
B. Both plant and animal cells contain mitochondria
C. Both plant and animal cells are prokaryotic
D. Both plant and animal cells have cell walls
E. More then one above
F. All of the above
G. None of the above

A

E. More than one above

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5
Q

Which is correct
A. Plant cells have cellulose cell walls
B. Plant cells have greater metabolic diversity than animal cells
C. Plant cells have a lower metabolic rate than animal cells
D. Plant cells have large central vacuoles
E. More than one above
F. All of the above
G. None of the above

A

F. All of the above

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6
Q

Common form of carbohydrate transported in plants

A

Sucrose

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7
Q

A lipid stored in plant tissue

A

Triglyceride

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8
Q

A 3 carbon carbohydrate and an end produce of photosynthesis

A

Glyceraldehyde

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9
Q

Polymers of amino acid monomer subunits

A

Polypeptides

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10
Q

6 carbon carbohydrate

A

Fructose
Galactose
Glucose

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11
Q

A polymer that is made of 1-4 alpha linked glucose monomers

A

Starch

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12
Q

An example of a lipid that is used by plants to waterproof cells

A

Suberin, cutin, waxes

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13
Q

A polymer that is made of 1-4 beta linked glucose monomers

A

Cellulose

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14
Q

What’s a primary compound

A

Found in all plants and are things like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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15
Q

What’s a secondary compound

A

Found in some plants, plant parts, and stages of development and consist of alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics

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16
Q

Chromoplasts

A

-Accumulate pigments (carotenoids) other than chlorophyll
-colors in flowers and fruits

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17
Q

Leukoplasts

A

-Lack color
-common in epidermal cells and storage tissue (apples, onions)

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18
Q

Central vacuole function

A

Maintain a hypertonic environment which brings in water and other nutrients/solutes

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19
Q

Middle lamella plus thin primary walls

A

Pit membrane

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20
Q

Maintain cytoplasmic continuity

A

Plasmodesmata

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21
Q

Mostly pectins

A

Middle lamellae

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22
Q

Cytoskeleton that guide golgi vehicles to cell plate

A

Phragmoplast

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23
Q

Pectins, glycoproteins, cellulose and hemicellulose

A

Primary cell walls

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24
Q

Few or no pectin or glycoproteins

A

Secondary cell wall

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25
Q

No secondary cell walls present

A

Pit fields

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26
Q

Strands of ER

A

Desmotubules

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27
Q

Which researcher found that a sprig of mint could restore air burned by candle

A

Priestly

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28
Q

Which researcher suggested the general rxn for photosynthesis

A

Van niel

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29
Q

Which researcher found that the mass gained by a plant did not come from the soil

A

Van helmont

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30
Q

A molecule that absorbs light

A

Pigment

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31
Q

Pigments are found on what membrane of chloroplast

A

Thylakoid

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32
Q

Light independent rxns take place in

A

Stroma

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33
Q

In c3 plants light independent rxns go through what cycle

A

Calvin cycle

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34
Q

Enzyme that acts as carboxylase and oxygenase

A

Rubisco

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35
Q

In low co2 environments rubsico adds oxygen to ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate in a wasteful process called

A

Photorespiration

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36
Q

To avoid photorespiration some c4 plants synthesize a 4 carbon sugar and transport it to the

A

Bundle sheath cells

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37
Q

Some c4 plants undergo a process that completes the light independent rxns in same cells but rather fix carbon to a 4 carbon sugar at night, this process is

A

CAM synthesis

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38
Q

An ancestor and all its descendants

A

Monophyletic group

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39
Q

Common ancestry but not common function

A

Homologous structures

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40
Q

Characters present in all members

A

Synapomorphies

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41
Q

Ancestor but not all of its descendants

A

Paraphyletic group

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42
Q

Simple=most likely

A

Principle of parsimony

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43
Q

Common function but arose independently

A

Analogous structures

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44
Q

Related by not a member of the study group

A

Outgroup

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45
Q

Group with 2 or more ancestors

A

Polyphyletic group

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46
Q

Closest relatives in phylogeny

A

Sister taxa

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47
Q

N+N

A

Dikaryotic

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48
Q

Beta 1,4 linked acetylglucosamine polymers

A

Fungal walls

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49
Q

Fungal filament

A

Hypahe

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50
Q

Body of a fungus

A

Mycelium

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51
Q

Asexual spores in fungi

A

Conidia

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52
Q

Genetically distinct nuclei in same cytoplasmic mass

A

Heterokaryosis

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53
Q

Common form of sugar transported by plants

A

Sucrose

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54
Q

Nuclear fusion in a coenocyte followed by meiosis

A

Parasexuality

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55
Q

Alpha 1 4 linked glucose polymers

A

Starch

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56
Q

Fungal nutrition

A

Heterotrophic

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57
Q

Beta 1 4 glucose polymers

A

Cellulose

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58
Q

Mutlinucleate condition in a plant or fungus

A

Coenocyte

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59
Q

Most lichens

A

Chytridiomycota

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60
Q

Wheat rust

A

Basidiomycota

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61
Q

8 spores

A

Ascomycota

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62
Q

Plasmodial slime molds

A

Myxomycota

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63
Q

Allomyces

A

Chytridiomycota

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64
Q

Black bread mold

A

Zygomycota

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65
Q

Club fungi

A

Basidiomycota

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66
Q

Heterokont zoospores

A

Oomycota

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67
Q

Zoospores with 1 flagella

A

Chytridiomycota

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68
Q

Sclerotium in dry periods

A

Myxomycota

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69
Q

Myxamoeba free living stage

A

Acraisiomycota (dictyosteliomycota)

70
Q

Sac fungi

A

Ascomycota

71
Q

Often trees and shrubs in temperate zones

A

Ectomycorrhiza

72
Q

Highest/greatest specificity

A

Ectomycorrhiza

73
Q

80% of symbiotic associations

A

Endomycorrhiza

74
Q

Surround but do not penetrate root

A

Ectomycorrhiza

75
Q

Vehicular/arbuscular mycorrhizae

A

Endomycorrhiza

76
Q

Many species

A

Ectomycorrhiza

77
Q

Crysolaminarian food reserves

A

Chrysophyta, bacillariophyta, haptophyta

78
Q

Eye spot

A

Euglenophyta

79
Q

Chlorophyll A only

A

Rhodophyta

80
Q

Silica frustules

A

Bacillariophyta

81
Q

Floridian starch storage

A

Rhodophyta

82
Q

Paramylon food storage

A

Euglenophyta

83
Q

Chlorophylls A and B

A

Euglenophyta, chlorophyta

84
Q

Most common ancestor to land plants

A

Chlorophyta

85
Q

Stramenopiles

A

Bacillariophyta, phaeophyta, xanthophyceae, chrysophyta

86
Q

Starch food storage

A

Cryptophyta, chlorophyta, dinoflagellata

87
Q

Oil storage

A

Xanthophyceae

88
Q

Adaptations all land plants have for success on land

A
  1. Sterile jacket layer of cells surrounding sex structures
  2. Sporic meiosis
  3. Tissues produced by apical meristems
  4. Zygote stays within archegonium until embryo stage
  5. Meiospores /w sporopollenin in cell walls to resist decay and desiccation
89
Q

True alternation of generations

A

Sporic meiosis

90
Q

Generation made of haploid cells

A

Gametophyte

91
Q

Gametophyte generation gives rise to gametes via

A

Mitosis

92
Q

Structure that gives rise to sperm

A

Antheridida

93
Q

Structure that gives rise to the egg

A

Archegonia

94
Q

What is required for fertilization in seedless plants

A

Water

95
Q

Fertilized egg is called a

A

Zygote

96
Q

Generation made of diploid cells

A

Sporophyte

97
Q

Sporophyte generation can give rise to spores via

A

Meiosis

98
Q

Thallus

A

Marchantiophyta

99
Q

True mosses

A

Bryophyta

100
Q

Avascular

A

Marchantiophyta and bryophyta

101
Q

Leptoids and hydroids

A

Bryophyta

102
Q

Liverworts

A

Marchantiophyta

103
Q

Peat mosses

A

Bryophyta

104
Q

“Leafy”

A

Bryophyta

105
Q

Elaters

A

Marchantiophyta

106
Q

Gametophyte dominant alternation of generations

A

Marchantiophyta and bryophyta

107
Q

Which phylum do granite mosses belong to

A

Bryophyta

108
Q

Which phylum do hornwarts belong to

A

Anthocerophyta

109
Q

Which phylum do club mosses belong to

A

Lycophyta

110
Q

Which is false
A. Ferns have vascular tissues mosses do not
B. Ferns have roots mosses do not
C. Ferns have sporophyte dominant life cycles mosses do not
D. Ferns don’t need water for fertilization mosses do
E. More than one above
F. None of the above

A

D. Ferns don’t need water for fertilization mosses do

111
Q

Enlarged portion of moss archegonium

A

Venter

112
Q

When egg is fertilized its called a

A

Calyptra

113
Q

At top of seta (stalk) sporogenous tissues are located within the

A

Capsule

114
Q

Spores are released and will germinate into first strands of gametophyte called the

A

Gametospores

115
Q

Siphonostele example

A

Ferns

116
Q

Eustele examples

A

Horsetails, dicots (helianthus)

117
Q

Protostele

A

Lycophyta, roots (ranunculus)

118
Q

Atactostele

A

Monocots (zea mays)

119
Q

Homosporous club moss

A

Lycopodium

120
Q

Fern leaf

A

Megaphyll

121
Q

Umbrella like covering over a sorus

A

Indusium

122
Q

Club moss leaf

A

Microphyll

123
Q

Class containing horsetails

A

Equisetopsida

124
Q

Fern gametophyte

A

Prothallus

125
Q

Class containing leptosporangiate ferns

A

Polypodiopsida

126
Q

Underground stem

A

Rhizome

127
Q

Cone like collection of sporangia

A

Strobilus

128
Q

Sporangium develops from single initial cell

A

Leptosporangium

129
Q

Heterosporous spike moss

A

Selaginella

130
Q

Develops into male gametophyte

A

Microspore

131
Q

Develops into female gametophyte

A

Megaspore

132
Q

Stele of lycopodium

A

Protostele

133
Q

Parenchyma functions

A

Wound healing
Regeneration
Initiate root hairs
Photosynthesis
Gas exchange
Storage
Secretions
Food and water transport over short distances

134
Q

Angiosperms sexual organs

A

Flower

135
Q

Outermost whorl

A

Calyx

136
Q

Outermost whorl consists of

A

Sepals

137
Q

Second whorl

A

Corolla

138
Q

Second whorl consists of

A

Petals

139
Q

The 3rd innermost whorl is

A

Stamen

140
Q

Stamen made of

A

Filament (stalk)
Anther (where male gametophyte created)

141
Q

The whorl that consists of stame is collectively called

A

Androecium

142
Q

4th innermost whorl is

A

Gynoecium

143
Q

Gynoecium whorls consists of one or more

A

Pistils

144
Q

In angiosperms male gametophyte is

A

Pollen grain

145
Q

Pollen grain contains 2 cells

A

Generative (2 sperm cells)
Vegetative (tube nucleus)

146
Q

Male gametophyte pollinates flower when it sticks to

A

Stigma

147
Q

Pollen tube will then grow down

A

Stalk

148
Q

Fertilized egg

A

Zygote

149
Q

Zygote is first cell of what generation

A

Sporophyte

150
Q

The other sperm cell fertilized central cell that contains _ nuclei creating a _ cell

A

2, triploid

151
Q

Seed leaf

A

Cotyledon

152
Q

One seed leaf

A

Monocot

153
Q

2 seed leaves

A

Dicots

154
Q

Plant embryo increases in cell number via

A

Mitosis

155
Q

Plant hormone that prevents germination

A

Abscissic acid

156
Q

Plant hormone that initiates plant germination

A

Gibberellins

157
Q

Hormone that initiates hook formation

A

Ethylene

158
Q

Hormone that maintains apical dominance and turns plant upward

A

Auxins

159
Q

Hormone responsible for bolting

A

Gibberelins

160
Q

Polar transport hormone

A

Auxins

161
Q

Cell division hormone

A

Cytokinins

162
Q

Gas hormone

A

Ethylene

163
Q

Shoot tip growing toward light hormone

A

Auxins

164
Q

Stomata regulation

A

Abscissic acid

165
Q

Fruit ripening

A

Ethylene

166
Q

Inhibits seed germination

A

Abscissic acid

167
Q

Gravity responses in shoot tips

A

Auxins

168
Q

Promotes abscission

A

Ethylene

169
Q

Bending towards light

A

Phototropism

170
Q

Bending towards light comes from the

A

Shoot

171
Q

This is the _ experiment
Francis is Charles _ son
The _ conducted the experiment

A

Darwins’
Darwin’s
Darwins

172
Q

Rabbits eat bark around tree, when plant has this type of damage its

A

Girdled

Botany (2 decks)

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