Botany exam one Flashcards
What are the four major classifications of plants?
Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms
What are Angiosperms common name, reproductive dispersal, and gross vegetative structure?
Flowering plants, seeds, and vascular tissue present.
What are Gymnosperms common name, reproductive dispersal, and gross vegetative structure?
-cycads,conifers, or ginko
-naked seeds
-vascular tissue present
What are Pteridophyte common name, reproductive dispersal, and gross vegetative structure?
-fern
-spores
-vascular tissue present
What are Bryophytes common name, reproductive dispersal, and gross vegetative structure?
-mosses, liverworts, or hornworts
-spores
-vascular tissue absent
How is the taxonomic nomenclature set up when naming a plant?
Genus then specific epithet and both of them combined is the species.
What are the taxonomic rankings in order?
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What is the start of s basic cladogram called?
The origin
What are the lines on a basic coladagram called?
Branches
What is the point where a branch stems off of a coladagram called?
A node
What does xylem and phloem do?
-move fluids around the plant, and a watering and feeding system.
xylem moves water, and phloem moves food
What color is cyanobacteria?
Blue-green Algae
is cyanobacteria procaryote or eucaryote?
Procaryote
what are Phycobilins and what algae are they found in?
-any of a group of red or blue photosynthetic pigments present in some algae
-they are found in cyanobacteria
is euglena a plant or animal? what is it? what are features?
-both
-it is a protist
-it is green, has flagellum, it has a pellicle which is like the cell wall, and a contractile vacuole that expells liquid
What pigments do euglena have?
Chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids
What color are diatoms?
Brown, golden-brown, and yellow-brown algae
What are diatoms pigments called? And what color does it produce?
-fucoxanthin
-Brown, golden-brown, and yellow-brown algae
what kind of algae is sea weed?
Brown algae
What pigment gives brown algae its color?
fucoxanthin
What are the parts of the brown algae Nereocystis kelp from bottom to top?
starting at the bottom is the holdfast, then the stipe, then the batter, and then the blades
What is the pigment for red algae called?
phycobilins
What pigments are green algae involved with?
chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids, beta-carotene, and xanthophylls
What kind of organisms are green algae?
Unicellular, colonial, and multicellular organisms
Blade
the flattened analog of a leaf in many seaweeds
Coenocytic
an organism whos cell(s) contain multiple nuclei
colonial
An organism actually made up of multiple organisms. in algae, these individual organisms are typically unicellular and they stick to one another by a gelatinous matrix they secrete
Eyespot
A patch of pigment on a membrane inside a cell that can detect light. these are typically red and found only in motile algae since the cell once it can detect light can swim toward or away from it.
Filamentous
a organism that is long and thin (sometimes branching) and typically made up of a string of cells
Holdfast
The branching structure at the base of many seaweeds that holds them to a substate.
Motile
to have direct mobility
Pneumatocyst
an air-filled bladder-like organ on many seaweeds that functions for buoyancy to keep the blades afloat in a position to intercept sunlight
Protist
a eukaryotic organism classified traditionally in the kingdom Protista: lacking the characteristics of members of plant, animal or fungal kingdoms
Pyrenoids
Centers of carbon dioxide fixation or starch synthesis within the chloroplasts of algae and hornworms, visible because of the density of enzymes in that region. Pyrenoids are not membrane bound organelles, but specialized areas of the chloroplast that contain high levels of enzymes. A pyrenoid typically has several starch grains near it.
what is a macroscopic marine alga?
seaweed
Stipe
the stalk between the holdfast and the blades of may seaweeds
