Botany

Question 1

Bryophytes

Answer 1

Simple non vascular plants such as mosses

Question 2

CO2

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide. A simple inorganic molecule comprised of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. A by-product of respiration.

Question 3

Angiosperms

Answer 3

Flowering, seed-bearing, vascular plants

As op. to: gymnosperms, ferns, nonvascular

Question 4

Cone

Answer 4

Male pollen-bearing and female ova-and-seed-bearing organs of conifers

Question 5

Cuticle

Answer 5

Waxy protective coating of a leaf

Question 6

Dispersal

Answer 6

Movement away from location of parent; of plants, typically animal, wind, or water dispersal

Question 7

Enzyme

Answer 7

A protein that catalyzes a chemical reaction, either helping build or break down a compound

Question 8

Epidermis

Answer 8

(Of a leaf) outer layer of cells

Question 9

Evergreen

Answer 9

(Of a plant) the characteristic of retaining functional leaves for at least a full year
(ex: broadleaf evergreen tropical trees, or coniferous needle leaved evergreen trees of the boreal forest)

Question 10

Ferns

Answer 10

A specific group of nonflowering, nonseed-bearing, vascular plants

Question 11

Flower

Answer 11

A reproductive unit of a plant (compare with inflorescence)

Question 12

Forb

Answer 12

An herbaceous, non-grasslike plant…ex: sunflower, iris, violet

Question 13

Genet

Answer 13

A genetic individual, often made up of multiple vegetative units, sharing resources to some degree (as op to: ramet

Question 14

Gymnosperms

Answer 14

Nonflowering, seed-bearing, vascular plants ex pines

Question 15

Inflorescence

Answer 15

The flowering branch; a collection of flowers developed from a single branch ; either a head (ex sunflower), branched, or spike like

Question 16

Internode

Answer 16

A section of a stem connecting nodes; the region of the stem associated with elongation

Question 17

Leaf

Answer 17

Primary photosynthetic organ of a plant

Know: classes of shape, simple v. Pinnately compound v. Palmately compound, paired/opposite v. Alternate

Question 18

Lichen

Answer 18

A type of organism formed by a mutualistic symbiosis btwn lichen-forming fungi and algae. Algae provide photosynthesis, fungus provides mineral nutrients from enviro. Shape can be: crustose, foliose and fruticose growth forms are flat or crust like, leafy, and branching architectures

Question 19

Life Form

Answer 19

The characteristic vegetative form or appearance of a species at maturity (tree, shrub, herb, etc)

Question 20

Margin

Answer 20

(Of a leaf) The outer edge: entire, serrated, lobed.

Question 21

Meristem

Answer 21

Tissue undifferentiated cells that divide and thereby facilitate growth. Vascular cambium is a type.

Question 22

Mitochondrion

Answer 22

organelle in plant and animal cells responsible for cellular respiration, the breakdown of complex molecules into ATP, the form of energy that can be used by cells.

Question 23

Mycorrhizae, mycorrhizal fungi

Answer 23

fungi which infect plant roots, and which typically facilitate nutrient and water uptake through increased surface area and extracellular enzymes and acids; typically very important for phosphorus (P) uptake.

Question 24

Node

Answer 24

a section of a stem containing buds for leaves, flowers or cones.

Question 25

Nonvascular plants

Answer 25

nonflowering, nonseed-bearing, and nonvascular plants (a.k.a. simple plants, e.g., mosses, liverworts, hornworts).

Question 26

Perennial

Answer 26

Occurring year after year, as with a plant that lives and completes its life cycle each year

Question 27

Petals

Answer 27

Non-sexual flower parts typically arrayed around the pistils and stamens

Question 28

Phloem

Answer 28

Vascular tissue which carries sugar from leaves throughout the rest of the plant

Question 29

Photosynthesis

Answer 29

One of the key plant processes; the use of light energy to convert CO2 and water into glucose and O2

Question 30

Pistil

Answer 30

Female, ova-bearing and seed-bearing organ of a flower

Question 31

Pollination

Answer 31

The process of pollen transfer from the male plant organ to the female organ; typically wind or animal pollinated. If by animal, characteristic colors and shapes (i. moth & butterfly) (ii. bees and wasps) (iii. hummingbirds). Bats can also be important pollinators in the tropics

Question 32

Primary growth

Answer 32

elongation at the tips of branches and roots, or at the base of grass tillers (see also secondary growth)

Question 33

Ramet

Answer 33

A vegetative unit, often connected via rhizomes, roots, or stolons; to other such units, which together comprise the complete genet or genetic individual

Question 34

Rhizome

Answer 34

Underground horizontal stem

Question 35

Root hair

Answer 35

a fine projection of a root cell wall; increases root surface and water uptake

Question 36

root

Answer 36

organ responsible for anchoring the plant. Site for mycorrhizal infection, and for nutrient uptake. Usually below ground.

Question 37

Rosette

Answer 37

a grown form consisting of a short stem with a whorl of leaves close to the ground. ex dandelion

Question 38

secondary growth

Answer 38

in reference to woody plants, growth due to the vascular cambium that creates xylem and phloem…leading to increased diameter in woody plants

Question 39

Sepals

Answer 39

leaf-like and petal-like structures protecting the bud and typically arrayed around the petals

Question 40

Shrub

Answer 40

Multi-stemmed woody plant

Question 41

Stamen

Answer 41

male pollen-forming organ within a flower

Question 42

stolon

Answer 42

above-ground horizontal stem, connecting individual vegetative units

Question 43

Stomate, Stoma

Answer 43

a pore, typically in a leaf, which allows gas exchange (ex CO2 in, Water vapor out)
Plural=stomates, stomata

Question 44

tiller

Answer 44

A vegetative unit of grass, a shoot

Question 45

Tracheid

Answer 45

a vessel element most characteristic of conifers

Question 46

vascular tissue

Answer 46

xylem and phloem

Question 47

Venation

Answer 47

(of a leaf) the arrangement of veins within a leaf or leaflet: pinnate, palmate, parallel

Question 48

Vessel element

Answer 48

a single xylem, phloem, or tracheid cell

Question 49

xylem

Answer 49

vascular tissue which carries water and nutrients from roots, through stems, to leaves

Question 50

Respiration

Answer 50

the conversion of sugar and O2 into chemical energy, water, and CO2 (as op to photosynthesis)

Question 51

solar heat energy

Answer 51

radiant energy from the sun that results in heating and evaporation

Question 52

Transpiration

Answer 52

movement of water upward thru a plant’s vascular system, driven by evaporation from leaves and water tension pulling water from the ground up to the leaves

Question 53

Serotinous

Answer 53

Referring to the adaptation of requiring intense heat of a fire to open a pine cone to release seeds

Question 54

Shade leaves

Answer 54

leaves that developed in response to shade, and have anatomical and physiological traits that help to optimize leaf function in that microclimate of shade and which benefit the plant as a whole.
Typically are relatively thin and wide, with reduced lobes and sinuses on margins

Question 55

sun leaves

Answer 55

leaves that developed in response to direct sunlight, have anatomical and physiological traits that help optimize leaf function in that microclimate of direct sunlight and which benefit the plant as a whole.
Typically relatively thick with a thick water-sealing waxy cuticle on the upper surface and wide with enhanced lobes and sinuses on margins.