botany 3rd quarter Flashcards
is the male part of the flower. it is composed of the anther and filament.
stamen
is the part where contains the male reprodollen is the fine dust or grain which contains the male reproductive cell of the plant.
anther
is the part of the stamen that supports the anther.
filament
is the female part of the flower. it is composed of the stigma, style, and ovary.
pistil
receives the pollen from the anther.
stigma
is the tube or stalk that connects the stigma and the ovary
style
contains the ovules, It will mature into a fruit, either dry or fleshy, enclosing the seeds of the flowering, plants.
ovary
contains the ovum (egg, cell). It forms the seed of the Rowering
plants.
ovule
are the colorful parts of the flower that attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies. A group of petals is called corolla.
petals
is the green leaf-like structure of the flower located beneath the petals to protect the rising buds. A group of sepals is called calyx.
sepal
________in plants involves the union of the pollen which contains the male reproductive cells or sperm cells and ovules which contain the female reproductive cells or egg, cells in plants.
sexual reproduction
There are four processes involved in the sexual reproduction of plants those are
pollination. fertilization, aeed dispersal, and germination.
is the act of transferring pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the flower. Pollens may be carried by wind or animals such as insects to the stigma of a flower. There are two types of pollination
pollination and self pollination and cross pollination
is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the
stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same plant.
self pollination
is the transfer of pollen from the anther di
one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different individual of the same species.
cross pollination
is the union of the pollen and the ovum. This process usually occurs in the ovary of the flower. After fertilization, the ovary develops into a fruit while the ovules inside the ovary develop into seeds. When the fruits are ripe, the seeds are released
fertilization
is the movement or transfer of seeds away from the parent plant. this process allows the plants to spread out to a wide place or area. it prevents overcrowding of plants in one specific place.it also reduces competition for nourishment
seed dispersal
there are four different ways of seed dispersals name all of them.
anemochory
zoochory
hydrochory
autochory
the wind carries and disperses seeds that are tiny, lightweight, and have wing-like structures.
anemochory
seeds or as like birds and manes eat the fruit and then spit out the seeds or pass out the seeds in then droppings. Some fruits hook on or cling on to the fur of passing animals or to the hair or clothes of man.
zoochory
Water disperses seeds with trapped air inside. This enables them to float on water.
hydrochory
Other fruits explode.
When a pea pod dries out, the pod splits open to release and scatter its seeds.
autochory
is the growth of a new plant from a seed
germination
is the descending axis of the plant It
takes in water which has mineral sales dissolved in it and it frequently fixes the plant to the ground. It bears no leaves or flowers and grows downwards.
root
are small projections along the
tips of the roots which are very thin.
These aid in absorbing water and minerals from the soil to feed the whole plant.
root hairs
is a small tip of each primary and
secondary root. It is the growing point of the root.
root cap
is typically thick, tapering in
shape and descends deeply into the ground. The roots also store food made by the plant.
tap root
is typically thin, having numerous and very fine branches. The roots grow close to the surface to take water after it rains.
fibrous root
is the main root.
Latin: primus-first
primary root
are the lateral branches of the primary root. They grow horizontally or sometimes obliquely from the primary root, parceling out the soil between them.
Latin: secundus- second
secondary root
are roots which grow irregularly from the secondary roots. They grow in all directions and occupy the soil left free by other roots.
Latin: tertius- third
tertiary root
The main function of the root is to absorb water and minerals from the soil.
Water is needed by the plants for manufacturing food, while minerals are necessary for the plants to grow healthy.
The roots would go through every possible obstacle in order to reach water. If the tip comes across an obstacle, the root produces an acid to dissolve the obstacle.
The tip of the root is provided with numerous root hairs which absorb water and at the same time produce acids to dissolve the rocks into component mineral salts.
roots overcoming obstacles
The roots of the plant function like the pegs of a tent. As the pegs of a tent prevent i from falling when there is a strong wind, so the roots of the plant prevent. the plant from falling once blown by a strong gust of wind.
roots fix plants to the soil
The width of the roots depends on the formation of the leaves. If the leaves grow outwards, then we can be sure that the roots of the plant cover a wide area.
There seems to be a collaboration between the leaves and the roots. It is as if the leaves are leading the water right to where the root hairs are.
roots follow the drops of water
The roots of the tree act as the food gatherer and act like pegs but most of all, they hold water. Thanperhaps the great cosmic task of the root and maturaly, of the plant. Without planter hold water particularly im sloping terras sal m erode the soil and little by little, only rocks will remain. This astor ner prevented by plants.
roots prevent soil erosion
