Bot Med Flashcards
Burdock Root
Alterative
Bitter
Prebiotic
Tea is cheaper + gives you inulin
CHRONIC SKIN CONDITIONS
Yellow Dock
Alterative
BItter
Bowel Tonic
Laxative
CAUTION: hypokalemia, urine may be rusty, oxalic acid in leaves which may cause kidney stones (rhubarb family)
Oatmeal Bath
Good For - poison ivy, eczema, sunburn etc
Demulcent Antiox Antiinflamm Antipuritic Emollient
Polyphenols - avenathramide
What is the oleoresin in Poison Ivy? What 2 things are related to it?
Oleoresin = urushiol
Related: mangoes, cashews.
Family: Anacariaceae
Galium
Lymphatic
Diuretic
Alterative
Most lymphatics are alteratives but not all alteratives are lymphatics
Comfrey
“Symphytum officinalis”
Vulnerary
Antiinflammatory
Demulcent
Astringent (root)
Great for bone fractures; hard + soft tissue injury
CAUTION: not for internal use – Hepatotoxic due to Pyrrolizadine Alkaloids (symphytine) + Purine Alkaloids (allantoin)
Willow
“Salix spp”
Antirheumatic Antiinflammatory Analgesic Antipyretic **Think of the thing tylenol does**
ARTHRITIS, MYALGIA + PAIN
caution with children + ppl sensi to salicylic acid
Devil’s Claw
Antirheumatic
Antiinflammatory
Analgesic
RHEUMATIC CONDITIONS, BACK PAIN
Caution: stimulates gastric secretions so may irritate mucosa; PRESCRIBE A DEMULCENT HERB WITH IT.
Turmeric
Antirheumatic
Antiinflammatory
RHEUMATISM, BACK PAIN
Pregnancy - safe as directed
High doeses may cause Heartburn
Camphor Laurel “cinnimomun camphora”
Anodyne
Counter irritant
Antipuritic
MUSCLE PAIN, BITES, ITCHY SKIN
Toxic in high amounts - 2-4g - can be absorbed through the skin.
Wintergreen
Rubefacient Antiinflammatory Anodyne Counter-irritant Antipuritic
TOXIC - 1 tsp = 300 aspirin; enough topical absorption can lead to death.
What 3 Herbs can Cause the Urine to be Rusty Coloured?
Yellow Dock
Senna
Peppermint
Carminative Rubefacient Anodyne Counter-irritant Antipuritic
Bind to cold-senstive TRPM8 receptors
Castor Oil
Analgesic
Antirheumatic
MYALGIA, ARTHRITIS, BRUISE
Ricoleic Acid - depletes substance P
Ricin A= depurinates RNA + inhibits protein synthesis.
Ricin B = lectin that binds to the cell membrane to allow Ricin A entry.
6000X more toxic than cyanide by weight.
Cayenne
Analgesic
Rubefacient
MYALGIA, ARTHRITIS, NERVE PAIN
Caution - avoid contact with sensitive tissues
*Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Receptors (TRVP1); depletes substance P
May Apple “Podophyllum peltatum”
Eschariotic
Antiviral
Antimitotic
WARTS, CANCER
NO INTERNAL USE - podophyllotoxin
Etoposide - an anticancer drug derived from podophyllotoxin; inhibits tubulin polymerization.
Bloodroot “Sanguinaria canadensis”
Eschariotic
Antimicrobial
WARTS, CANCER, FUNGAL INFECTIONS
Distinguish from may apple b/c antimicrobial includes fungus - not just for virus’
Considered toxic - hepatotoxin
Huang Qi “Atragalus”
ADAPTOGEN (nourish lung, spleen, kd, hrt)
Immunomodulator
Antiviral
Lung Tonic in TCM
One ingredient in Change of Season Soup (Dang Shen, Chinese Yam, Golgi Berries)
COLD, FLU, FATIGUE, CANCER, STRESS
NOT for acute infection
Purple Coneflower “Echinaceae angustifolium”
Immunostimulator
Anti-inflammatory
INFECTIONS + CANCER
Alkylamides stimulate cannabanoid type 2 receptors (CB2)
Carbs - stimulate immune function by another mechanism.
Goldenseal “Hydrastis canadensis”
Antimicrobial Antibacterial Antiviral Antiparisitic Antifungal Bitter
RESP, GI + SKIN infections of all kinds
Flavolignans inhibit MDR pumps and increase the antimicrobial action of Berberine!
Boneset “Eupatorium perfoliatum”
Febrifuge (lowers fever)
Diaphoretic (makes you sweat)
Antimicrobial
Antiviral
URTI with Cough, Fever + Bone/Muscle Pain; flu, bronchitis, measles etc.
Lomatium
Antiviral
Antispasmodic
Expectorant
Immunostimulant
VIRAL INFECTIONS, RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
Limited research; 10-15% of ppl get the “lomatium” rash after 5-10 days of use.
Elder “Sambucus nigra”
Antiadherence
Diaphoretic
Antiviral
Astringent
Flower: URTI, cold, flu, sinusitus
Cyanogenic glycosides in the bark, leaves and unripe fruit = severe vomitting + diarrhea – can destroy it with heat.
Slippery Elm
Demulcent
SORE THROAT, LARYNGITIS, HOARSENESS
Alimentary Tract not Lungs
Mullein
Antitussive (relives coughing)
Demulcent (soothes)
Expectorant (helps to get mucus out)
Lung irritation, dry cough, bronchitis, asthma
Colt’s Foot
Antitussive (relieves cough)
Demulcent
Expectorant
Dry cough, bronchitis, asthma
PYRROLIZADINE ALKALOIDS - avoid long term use.
Wild Black Cherry
Antitussive (suppressive)
DRY, SPASMODIC COUGH
Cyanogenic glycosides in bark (prunasin) - cyanide will bind to receptors on phrenic nerve to prevent cough by inhibition of muscles of respiration – tincture will have very small amounts!
What are the MAIN differences between Mullein, Colt’s Foot + Wild Black Cherry?
Mullein - antitussive (relieving), expectorant, demulcent
Colt’s foot - SAME but has pyrrolizodine alkaloids so not for long term use.
Wild Black Cherry –> Antitussive but suppressive via cyanogenic glycosides - not good for wet cough.
Elecampane
Antihelmintic - expels parasitic worms Antimicrobial Bitter Expectorant Antitussive
CHRONIC WET COUGH, COPD, BRONCHITIS, ASTHMA
Commonly seen in formula’s but rarely alone
Eucalyptus
Expectorant
Antispasmodic (carminative)
Antiseptic
Antimicrobial
COLDS, BRONCHITIS, ASTHMA
Licorice
Expectorant
Demulcent
Antiviral
SARS, Flu, Bronchitis
Increases mucous production, inhibits breakdown of PGE2 + alpha-PGE2 –> vasodilators
CONTRAINDICATED with pregnancy + high BP
White Horehound
Expectorant
Antispasmodic
Bitter
NOT - pregnancy - mild emmenogogue.
Indian Tobacco
Expectorant
Antispasmodic
Emetic
STRONG expectorant but NARROW TI: vomiting + nausea
CAUTION: pregnancy, heart disease, atherosclerosis, arrhythmias
Thyme
Peppermint of the Respiratory – it is the important anti-spasmodic!
Antispasmodic
Antitussive
Expectorant
Antimicrobial
LOTS OF MUCUS, BRONCHIAL CONSTRICTION, SPASMODIC COUGH
Red Clover
Antispasmodic
Expectorant
Antitussive (cough relief)
Alterative
Pertussis
bronchitis
pneumonia
COUMARINS - may interact with blood thinners.
Ephedra
SYMPATHOMIMETIC BRONCHDILATOR diaphoretic decongestant antispasmodic
Bronchitis, Acute Asthma, Nasal Congestion
Side Effects: dry mouth, insomnia, loss of appetite, tremors, tachycardia.
NOT - with pregnancy
Jimson Weed
ANTICHOLINERGIC - blocks Ach
Antispasmodic
Bronchodilator
Acute asthma - when smoked –> Tropane Alkaloids
NARROW TI: dry mouth, insomnia, loss of appetite, tremors, tachycardia, hallucination.
NOT - with pregnancy
Eyebright
Anti-allergenic
Anti-cattarral
Anti-inflammatory
Astringent
CONJUNCTIVITIS + RHINITUS
Topical for eye infection or allergy.
Nettle
Anti-allergy
Astringent
Anti-inflammatory
SEASONAL ALLERGIES
Garlic
Antimicrobial
EAR INFECTION.
