Bot final Flashcards
Actea (Cimicifuga) racemosa
emmenagogue anti-inflammatory/rheumatic/spasmodic estrogen modulating endocrine regulator parturient
CI: not used during pregnancy except to stimulate labour, estrogen dependent tumours
caution: upper GI disorders
A/E: mild GI upset, HA, vertigo, wt gain, mastalgia, heavy feeling in legs, stimulant, vaginal bleeding
Pregnancy category B2; lactation category SD
Achillea millefolium
Alterative vulnerary anti-microbial/inflammatory astringent (hemostatic) diaphoretic vascular tonic diuretic
Caution: Pregnancy category B3; lactation category CC
Aesculus hippocastanum
astringent
venotonic
vasoprotective
anti-oxidant/inflammatory
CI: don’t apply on broken/ulcerated skin
A/E: mild GI complaints, dizziness, nausea, HA, pruritis
Toxicity: m/c w/ IV; hemolysis w/ KD damage
Pregnancy category B3; lactation category CC
Agathosma (Barosma) betulina
anti-septic
mild diuretic
A/E: GI irritation on empty ST; urine may turn brown and develop new odour
Pregnancy category B2, lactation category CC
Argimonia eupatoria
Astringent diuretic GU tonic bitter (GIT) anti-spasmodic
Caution: may cause hypotension in high doses and HTN in low doses
Interactions: Hypertensive, hypotensivemedications. Anti-coagulant therapy. Alkaloid containing substances.
Pregnancy:Possibly safe; Lactation: Possibly safe.
Agropyron repens
diuretic
urinary demulcent
caution: use w/ K depleting diuretics
Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
Angelica archanglica
tonic - esp female
digestive
anti-inflammatory/microbial
astringent
possible photosensitivity and interaction with anti-coagulants
Angelica sinensis
anti-inflammatory/anemic/platelet/arrhythmic
female tonic
mild laxative
CI: pregnancy - esp first trimester
A/E: gynecomastia
interaction w/ Warfarin
Pregnancy category C; lactation category C
Arctium lappa
depurative
mild diuretic and laxative
bitter
caution: depuratives can cause aggravations w. skin conditions
A/E: contact dermatitis
Pregnancy category B1; lactation category C
Althea officinalis
demulcent
anti-inflammatory
mild diuretic
topically - emollient, vulnerary
may slow absorption of other drugs/botanicals if taken together
Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
Bacopa monniera
cognitive enhancing
nervine tonic and relaxant
mild sedative and adaptogenic
mild anti-convulsant
caution: cholestasis, Celiac dz, fat malabsorption, deficiency in vit A, D, E, K
A/E: weakness, loss of concentration, dizziness
Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
Camellia sinensis
stimulant
astringent
diuretic
caffeine acts as sympathomimetic
Capsella bursa-pastoris
anti-haemorrhagic (astringent)
urinary anti-septic
caution w/ breastfeeding and lactation
Pregnancy category B3; lactation category CC
Caulophyllum thalictroides
spasmolytic
uterine and ovarian tonic
emmenagogue
oxytocic
CI: women wishing to conceive (teratogenic), early pregnancy, lactation
caution: late pregnancy
A/E: irritation of gastric mucous membrane, CV effects, uterine stimulation
toxicology: purgative action, ataxia, terminal clonic convulsion
Pregnancy category D; lactation category X
Centella asiatica
nootropic nervine
for nervous insomnia, ENT infection, eczema, venous insufficiency
Chamelerium luteum
menstural regulatory
uterine tonic
(miscarriage prevention, infertility of deficiency)
Chimaphila umbellata
anti-microbial
renal tonic
diuretic
CI (same as uva ursi): KD dz, pregnancy, lactation, children
A/E: constipation, Fe deficiency anemia, malnutrition (b/c of tannins), irritation of mouth and GI tract
interaction: take away from oral B1, metal ions, may increase effectiveness off certain Abx
possibly safe for pregnancy and lactation
Cinnamomum cassia
diaphoretic
astringent
anti-microbial/spasmodic/diabetic
carminative
caution: pregnancy - may cause uterine stimulationsv
Coleus forskohlii
increase cAMP and cAMP medicated functions hypotensive inhibits basophil and mast cell degranulation and histamine release lower intraocular P anti-platelete vasodilator bronchodialator promotes THS stimulates lipolysis positive inotropic
CI: pts w/ ulcers, hypotension, bleeding disorders or on blood thinning meds
interacts: antiplatelet/anticoagulant, hypotensive, and other meds
Pregnancy category ND, lactation category ND
Collinsonia canadensis
anti-lithic/litholythic
diuretic
mild diaphoretic
pregnancy and lactation category ND
Damiana aphrodisiaca
non-stimulant libido enhancer
anxiolytic
safe, unless adulterated
Dioscorea villosa
anti-spasmodi/inflammatory/rheumatic nervine relaxant osteogenic mild diaphoretic cholagogue
CI: long term use in pots w/ pre-existing renal dz, pregnancy (except in labour)
A/E: n/v/d
Echinacea spp
immunomodulator immunostimulator depurative anti-inflammatory vulunery lyphatic sialogogue
CI: immunosuppressed pts
caution: autoimmune dz
A/E: GI upset, contact dermatitis
interaction: immunosuppressant medications
Pregnancy category A; lactation category C
Eleuthrococcus senticosus
adaptogen
immune modulating
tonic
CI: during acute phase of infection
A/E: CV conditions (insomnia, palpitations, HA, tachycardia, pericardial pain, HTN)
may increase effectiveness of some Abx
Pregnancy category B1; lactation category C
Equisteum arvense
diruetic
urinary astingent
caution: CVD b/c it may increase K excretion
safe during pregnancy; likely safe during lactation
Eupatorium purpureum
diuretic
anti-lithic/rheumatic
caution: belongs to Asteracea/Compositae family
safe during pregnancy; likely safe during lactation
Foeniculum vulgare
carminative
anti-spasmodic/microbial/oxidant
galactogogue
expectorant
CI: sensitivity to Umbiliferae family; pregnancy
interact w/ ciprofloxacin
Pregnancy category B3; lactation category C
Galium aparine
diuretic depurative lymphatic/alterative anti-inflammatory astringent
caution: depuratives may aggravate skin conditions
Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
Ginkgo biloba
anti-oxidant/inflammatory/platelet activating factor
circulatory stimulant/angio-activator
circulatory tonic
vasodilator
CI: sensitivity to ginkgo preparations
caution: pts w/ coagulation disorders, anti-coagulant/platelet meds, surgery
A/E: mild GI complaints, HA, dizziness, allergic skin rxn, palpations
Pregnancy category B1; lactation category ND
Glycyrrhiza glabra
anti-inflammatory expectorant demulcent adrenal tonic adaptogen
CI: cholestatic, cirrhotic LV dz, HTN, hypokalemia, severe KD insufficiency, pregnancy, anorexia nervosa, edema, CHF
caution: if taking in high dose - ensure on high K/low Na diet, monitor change in BP, wt gain
A/E: apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome
don’t Rx w/ digoxin, diuretics, laxative, other K depleting drugs
toxicity: pseudoaldosteronism
Pregnancy category A; lactation category C
Humulus lupulus
sedative
nervine relaxant
strong hypnotic
anti-spasmodic
CI: depression
caution: not ideal tx for depression and insomnia in the early morning
A/E: contact urticaria
Pregnancy category B2; lactation category CC
Hydrangea arborescens
anti-lithic
diuretic
(inflame of UB, urethra, BPH, renal calculi, inflamed/enlarged prostate)
pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
Hydrastis canadensis
anti-hemorrhagic/catarrhal/microbial/inflammatory
bitter tonic
depurative
vulunery
choleretic
CI: pregnancy (except to induce labour), HTN, jaundiced neonates
caution: chronic use may deplete B-vits
OD: mouth, throat and gastric irritation –> convulsions
Pregnancy category C; lactation category SD
Hypericum perforatum
anti-depressant/microbial
nervine tonic
nervine stimulant
vulnerary
CI: serious depression w/ psychotic sx, suiidal risk
caution: avoid sun exposure (photosensitivity)
Pregnancy category B1; lactation category CC
avoid prescribing SJW w/…
immune suppressants cardiac glycosides HIV nonnucleoside revserse transcriptase inhibitors other HIV protease inhibitors chemotherapeutic drugs anti-coagulants
caution prescribing SJW w/…
SSRI OCP (esp low dose OCP) TCA antihistamines bensodiazepines bronchodilator HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor phenytoin photosensitizing agent
SJW is unlikely to interact w/…
alcohol tolbutamide carbamazepine cimetidine alprazolam dextromethorphan
Juniperus communis
anti-microbial
diuretic
sedative
CI: compromised KD function, pregnancy, lactation
caution: avoid use >6 wks
A/E: topical irritant
interacts w/ Li
toxicity: pain near KD, urgency, dysuria, diuresis, hematuria, purplish urine, tachycardia, HTN
Pregnancy category X; Lactation category**
Mentha piperia
carminative cholagoue anti-emetic/tussive/microbial/spasmodic sedative diaphoretic CI: GERD, cholecystitis, LV dz caution: lactation, gallstones, constipation, Fe def anemia, malnutrition A/E: mucosal ulceration, heartburn, anal burning, GI tract irritation b/c of tannins
Pregnancy category B2; lactation category CC
Mitchella repens
parturient partus preparator uterine tonic alterative emmenagogue astringent diuretic
CI: avoid in pregnancy except in 3rd trimester
Panax ginseng
adaptogen/adrenal tonic immune modulating cardiotonic male tonic CA preventative cognition enhancing anti-inflammatory/oxidant
CI: acute asthma, signs of heat, acute infections
caution: HTN, anxiety, insomnia
A/E: risk of GAS increase w/ higher dosages
interacts w/ MAO-I, warfarin
Pregnancy category A; lactation category C
Passiflora incarnata
anxiolytic anti-spasmodic sedative hypnotic anodyne
A/E: allergic
may potentiate other anxiolytics, barbiturates
toxicity: visual disturbances, loss of coordination, agitation, delirium
Pregnancy category B1; lactation category C
Piper methysticum
anxiolytic hypnotic anasthetic skeletal muscle relaxant mild sedative/analgesic
caution: Parkinson’s dz
A/E: feeling of intoxication, nausea, HA, CI complaints, skin rxn
interactions: alcohol, central dopaimine agonist/antagonist
Pregnancy category B1; lactation category CC
Piscidia erythrina
analgesic
anti-spasmoid
hypnotic
sedative
CI: pregnancy, brandycardia, cardiac insufficiency
caution: avoid w/ depression and insomnia
A/E: n/v, HA
Pregnancy category D; lactation category SD
Polygonum multiforum
nourish TCM essence
(convalesence, postpartum, fertility changes, insufficient libido)
caution: SP Qi dampness
(aka He shou wu)
Poria cocos (Fu ling)
alterative
digestive and urinary decongestant
anti-inflammatory
immune support
(BPH, congestion in digestiv/urinary system)
Pygeum/Prunus africanum
anti-prostatic/androgen/inflammatory/oxidant/edematous
A/E: GI upset
Pregnancy category B2; lactation category ND
Rehmannia glutinosa
anti-pyretic/haemorrhagic/inflammatory
adrenal tonic/adaptogen
CI: damp phlegm patterns, def SP w/ dampness, def yang
A/E: diarrhea, ab pain, dizziness, fatigue, palpitations
Pregnancy category B3; lactation category C
Rubus ideaus
astringent
uterine tonic
parturifacient
anti-diarrheal
Caution: constipation, Fe def anemia, malnutrition, long term use
A/E: increase irritation in GI/mouth
possible additive effect w/ other tannins
Pregnancy category A; lactation category C
raspberry leaf
Salivia officinalis
anti-spasmodic/spetic/microbial/hydrotic (cooling)/inflammatory/oxidant/galactogoue
carminative
astringent
CI: pregnancy and lactation
A/E: allergic rxn
toxicity: vomiting, excessive salivation, epileptic spasms w/ cyanosis
Pregnancy category C; lactation category X
Serenoa repens
endocrine balance
urinary anti-septic
diuretic
caution: prostate CA
A/E: GI irritation, anti-coagulant activity
interacts w/ Warfarin
Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
Schisandra chinensis
hepatoprotective
anti-oxidant/tussive
adaptogen
nervine tonic
CI: early stages of cough, rash
caution: pregnancy (except near birth)
A/E: mild GI sx, HA
Pregnancy category B1; lactation category ND
Smilax officinalis
tonic
alterative
anti-rheumatic
(eczema, psoriasis, BPH, waning libido, RA)
may interact and increase digitalis
Solidago canadensis
diuretic anti-inflammatory/microbial/catarrhal GU tonic - esp renal diaphoretic astringent
CI: allergy to Asteraceae/Compositae family
Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
Theobroma cacao
tonic
mild stimulant
anti-oxidant
(asthma, COPD, low-mood, stress)
Thuja occidentalis
anti-microbial/bacterial/viral/fungal
astringent
diuretic
pepurative
CI: pregnancy and lactation
caution: avoid long term use and high doses
A/E: HA
toxicity: GI irritation, convulsions, hypotension, coma, death
Pregnancy category D; lactation category X
Tribulus terrestris
tonic aphrodisiac estrogenic androgenic profertility
caution: cholestasis, Celiac dz, fat malabsorption, def of it A, D, E, K, GI irritation
A/E: irritation of gastric mucous membrane and reflux
Pregnancy category B3; lactation category CC
Trifolium pratense
anti-spasmodic/tussive/tumour
estrogenic
CI/caution: breast CA, endometrial proliferation, bleeding disorders
A/E: dermatitis
interacts w/ anti-coagulants, chemo drugs
Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek)
hypoglycemic hypolipidemic demulcent nutritive immunomodulating galactogogue anti-oxidant/androgen/inflammatory
CI: pregnancy
caution: Celiac dz, etc
may inhibit Fe absorption
Pregnancy category B3; lactation category C
Turnera diffusa
nervine tonic
aphrodisiac
mild laxative
(depression, anxiety, sexual inadequacy, nervous dyspepsia, constipation)
Pregnancy category B2; lactation category ND
Urtica dioica
anti-rheumatic/allergic/hemorrhagic/inflam/oxidant/BHP astringent depurative alterative male tonic
CI: allergy
caution: prostate CA
A/E: urticaria
Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
Vaccinium macrocarpon
anti-adhesinon/bacteriostatic
astringent
caution: Hx of Ca oxalate renal calculi, diabetes, renal insufficiency
Interacts: Warfarin, omeprazole, UA dipstick results
Pregnancy category A; lactation category C
Valeriana officinalis
anxiolytic
hypnotic
sedative
anti-spasmodic
caution: avoid w/ depression and insomnia
A/E: vivid dreams
toxicity: fatigue, ab cramping, chest tightness, lightheadedness, hand tremor, mydriasis
Pregnancy category B1; lactation category CC
Verbena hastate
Diuretic
menstrual regulator
emmenagogue
galactagogue
Caution: pregnancy
Viburnum opulus
anti-spasmodic astringent hypotensive vasodialator CI: eating berries cay cause GI upset A/E: high doses may cause NS depression
Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
Viburnum prunifolium
uterine sedative
anti-spasmodic/asthmatic
astringent
hypotensive
caution: pre-existing renal calculi
A/E: n/v
interact w/ anti-coagulant
Pregnancy category B2; lactation category CC
Vitex agnus-castus
prolactin inhibitor
dopaminergic agonist
indirectly progesterogenic
galactagogue
caution: avoid w/ progesterone drugs, OCP, HRT
A/E: mild Gi, skin conditions
interact w/ dopamine receptor antagonist, estrogenic/progesteronic meds
Pregnancy category B1; lactation category C
Withania somnifera
nervine tonic
adaptogen
anti-inflammatory/anemic
immunomodulator
A/E: GI upset, diarrhea, vomitting
interact w/ benzodiazepines
Pregnancy category B1; lactation category C
Zanthoxylum americanum
circulatory tonic alterative warming silagogue (hemorrhoids, varicose vv, skin conditions of def/poor circulation, OA, neurasthenia)
Zea mays
diuretic
urinary demulcent
anti-inflammatory
(inflame conditions of prostate and urinary systems, renal calcium, HTN)
Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
Zingiber officinale
carminative
anit-emetic/spasmodic/inflammatory
circulatory stimulant
digestive stimulant
CI: gallstones
caution: high doses w/ blood thinning drugs, peptic ulceration
A/E: mild GI rxn
interaction: anti-coagulants
Pregnancy category A; lactation category C
