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Bot final Flashcards

1
Q

Actea (Cimicifuga) racemosa

A 
emmenagogue
anti-inflammatory/rheumatic/spasmodic
estrogen modulating
endocrine regulator
parturient

CI: not used during pregnancy except to stimulate labour, estrogen dependent tumours
caution: upper GI disorders
A/E: mild GI upset, HA, vertigo, wt gain, mastalgia, heavy feeling in legs, stimulant, vaginal bleeding

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category SD

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2
Q

Achillea millefolium

A 
Alterative
vulnerary
anti-microbial/inflammatory
astringent (hemostatic)
diaphoretic
vascular tonic
diuretic

Caution: Pregnancy category B3; lactation category CC

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3
Q

Aesculus hippocastanum

A

astringent
venotonic
vasoprotective
anti-oxidant/inflammatory

CI: don’t apply on broken/ulcerated skin
A/E: mild GI complaints, dizziness, nausea, HA, pruritis
Toxicity: m/c w/ IV; hemolysis w/ KD damage

Pregnancy category B3; lactation category CC

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4
Q

Agathosma (Barosma) betulina

A

anti-septic
mild diuretic

A/E: GI irritation on empty ST; urine may turn brown and develop new odour

Pregnancy category B2, lactation category CC

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5
Q

Argimonia eupatoria

A 
Astringent
diuretic
GU tonic
bitter (GIT)
anti-spasmodic

Caution: may cause hypotension in high doses and HTN in low doses
Interactions: Hypertensive, hypotensivemedications. Anti-coagulant therapy. Alkaloid containing substances.

Pregnancy:Possibly safe; Lactation: Possibly safe.

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6
Q

Agropyron repens

A

diuretic
urinary demulcent

caution: use w/ K depleting diuretics

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C

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7
Q

Angelica archanglica

A

tonic - esp female
digestive
anti-inflammatory/microbial
astringent

possible photosensitivity and interaction with anti-coagulants

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8
Q

Angelica sinensis

A

anti-inflammatory/anemic/platelet/arrhythmic
female tonic
mild laxative

CI: pregnancy - esp first trimester
A/E: gynecomastia
interaction w/ Warfarin

Pregnancy category C; lactation category C

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9
Q

Arctium lappa

A

depurative
mild diuretic and laxative
bitter

caution: depuratives can cause aggravations w. skin conditions
A/E: contact dermatitis

Pregnancy category B1; lactation category C

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10
Q

Althea officinalis

A

demulcent
anti-inflammatory
mild diuretic
topically - emollient, vulnerary

may slow absorption of other drugs/botanicals if taken together

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C

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11
Q

Bacopa monniera

A

cognitive enhancing
nervine tonic and relaxant
mild sedative and adaptogenic
mild anti-convulsant

caution: cholestasis, Celiac dz, fat malabsorption, deficiency in vit A, D, E, K
A/E: weakness, loss of concentration, dizziness

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C

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12
Q

Camellia sinensis

A

stimulant
astringent
diuretic

caffeine acts as sympathomimetic

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13
Q

Capsella bursa-pastoris

A

anti-haemorrhagic (astringent)
urinary anti-septic

caution w/ breastfeeding and lactation

Pregnancy category B3; lactation category CC

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14
Q

Caulophyllum thalictroides

A

spasmolytic
uterine and ovarian tonic
emmenagogue
oxytocic

CI: women wishing to conceive (teratogenic), early pregnancy, lactation
caution: late pregnancy
A/E: irritation of gastric mucous membrane, CV effects, uterine stimulation
toxicology: purgative action, ataxia, terminal clonic convulsion

Pregnancy category D; lactation category X

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15
Q

Centella asiatica

A

nootropic nervine

for nervous insomnia, ENT infection, eczema, venous insufficiency

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16
Q

Chamelerium luteum

A

menstural regulatory
uterine tonic

(miscarriage prevention, infertility of deficiency)

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17
Q

Chimaphila umbellata

A

anti-microbial
renal tonic
diuretic

CI (same as uva ursi): KD dz, pregnancy, lactation, children
A/E: constipation, Fe deficiency anemia, malnutrition (b/c of tannins), irritation of mouth and GI tract
interaction: take away from oral B1, metal ions, may increase effectiveness off certain Abx

possibly safe for pregnancy and lactation

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18
Q

Cinnamomum cassia

A

diaphoretic
astringent
anti-microbial/spasmodic/diabetic
carminative

caution: pregnancy - may cause uterine stimulationsv

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19
Q

Coleus forskohlii

A 
increase cAMP and cAMP medicated functions
hypotensive
inhibits basophil and mast cell degranulation and histamine release
lower intraocular P
anti-platelete
vasodilator
bronchodialator
promotes THS
stimulates lipolysis
positive inotropic

CI: pts w/ ulcers, hypotension, bleeding disorders or on blood thinning meds
interacts: antiplatelet/anticoagulant, hypotensive, and other meds

Pregnancy category ND, lactation category ND

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20
Q

Collinsonia canadensis

A

anti-lithic/litholythic
diuretic
mild diaphoretic

pregnancy and lactation category ND

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21
Q

Damiana aphrodisiaca

A

non-stimulant libido enhancer
anxiolytic

safe, unless adulterated

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22
Q

Dioscorea villosa

A 
anti-spasmodi/inflammatory/rheumatic
nervine relaxant
osteogenic
mild diaphoretic
cholagogue

CI: long term use in pots w/ pre-existing renal dz, pregnancy (except in labour)
A/E: n/v/d

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23
Q

Echinacea spp

A 
immunomodulator
immunostimulator
depurative
anti-inflammatory
vulunery
lyphatic
sialogogue

CI: immunosuppressed pts
caution: autoimmune dz
A/E: GI upset, contact dermatitis
interaction: immunosuppressant medications

Pregnancy category A; lactation category C

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24
Q

Eleuthrococcus senticosus

A

adaptogen
immune modulating
tonic

CI: during acute phase of infection
A/E: CV conditions (insomnia, palpitations, HA, tachycardia, pericardial pain, HTN)
may increase effectiveness of some Abx

Pregnancy category B1; lactation category C

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25
Q

Equisteum arvense

A

diruetic
urinary astingent

caution: CVD b/c it may increase K excretion

safe during pregnancy; likely safe during lactation

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26
Q

Eupatorium purpureum

A

diuretic
anti-lithic/rheumatic

caution: belongs to Asteracea/Compositae family

safe during pregnancy; likely safe during lactation

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27
Q

Foeniculum vulgare

A

carminative
anti-spasmodic/microbial/oxidant
galactogogue
expectorant

CI: sensitivity to Umbiliferae family; pregnancy
interact w/ ciprofloxacin

Pregnancy category B3; lactation category C

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28
Q

Galium aparine

A 
diuretic
depurative
lymphatic/alterative
anti-inflammatory
astringent

caution: depuratives may aggravate skin conditions

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C

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29
Q

Ginkgo biloba

A

anti-oxidant/inflammatory/platelet activating factor
circulatory stimulant/angio-activator
circulatory tonic
vasodilator

CI: sensitivity to ginkgo preparations
caution: pts w/ coagulation disorders, anti-coagulant/platelet meds, surgery
A/E: mild GI complaints, HA, dizziness, allergic skin rxn, palpations

Pregnancy category B1; lactation category ND

30
Q

Glycyrrhiza glabra

A 
anti-inflammatory
expectorant
demulcent
adrenal tonic
adaptogen

CI: cholestatic, cirrhotic LV dz, HTN, hypokalemia, severe KD insufficiency, pregnancy, anorexia nervosa, edema, CHF
caution: if taking in high dose - ensure on high K/low Na diet, monitor change in BP, wt gain
A/E: apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome
don’t Rx w/ digoxin, diuretics, laxative, other K depleting drugs
toxicity: pseudoaldosteronism

Pregnancy category A; lactation category C

31
Q

Humulus lupulus

A

sedative
nervine relaxant
strong hypnotic
anti-spasmodic

CI: depression
caution: not ideal tx for depression and insomnia in the early morning
A/E: contact urticaria

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category CC

32
Q

Hydrangea arborescens

A

anti-lithic
diuretic

(inflame of UB, urethra, BPH, renal calculi, inflamed/enlarged prostate)

pregnancy category B2; lactation category C

33
Q

Hydrastis canadensis

A

anti-hemorrhagic/catarrhal/microbial/inflammatory
bitter tonic
depurative
vulunery
choleretic
CI: pregnancy (except to induce labour), HTN, jaundiced neonates
caution: chronic use may deplete B-vits
OD: mouth, throat and gastric irritation –> convulsions

Pregnancy category C; lactation category SD

34
Q

Hypericum perforatum

A

anti-depressant/microbial
nervine tonic
nervine stimulant
vulnerary

CI: serious depression w/ psychotic sx, suiidal risk
caution: avoid sun exposure (photosensitivity)

Pregnancy category B1; lactation category CC

35
Q

avoid prescribing SJW w/…

A 
immune suppressants
cardiac glycosides
HIV nonnucleoside revserse transcriptase inhibitors
other HIV protease inhibitors
chemotherapeutic drugs
anti-coagulants
36
Q

caution prescribing SJW w/…

A 
SSRI
OCP (esp low dose OCP)
TCA
antihistamines
bensodiazepines
bronchodilator
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
phenytoin
photosensitizing agent
37
Q

SJW is unlikely to interact w/…

A 
alcohol
tolbutamide
carbamazepine
cimetidine
alprazolam
dextromethorphan
38
Q

Juniperus communis

A

anti-microbial
diuretic
sedative

CI: compromised KD function, pregnancy, lactation
caution: avoid use >6 wks
A/E: topical irritant
interacts w/ Li
toxicity: pain near KD, urgency, dysuria, diuresis, hematuria, purplish urine, tachycardia, HTN

Pregnancy category X; Lactation category**

39
Q

Mentha piperia

A 
carminative
cholagoue
anti-emetic/tussive/microbial/spasmodic
sedative
diaphoretic
CI: GERD, cholecystitis, LV dz
caution: lactation, gallstones, constipation, Fe def anemia, malnutrition
A/E: mucosal ulceration, heartburn, anal burning, GI tract irritation b/c of tannins

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category CC

40
Q

Mitchella repens

A 
parturient
partus preparator
uterine tonic
alterative
emmenagogue
astringent
diuretic

CI: avoid in pregnancy except in 3rd trimester

41
Q

Panax ginseng

A 
adaptogen/adrenal tonic
immune modulating
cardiotonic
male tonic
CA preventative
cognition enhancing
anti-inflammatory/oxidant

CI: acute asthma, signs of heat, acute infections
caution: HTN, anxiety, insomnia
A/E: risk of GAS increase w/ higher dosages
interacts w/ MAO-I, warfarin

Pregnancy category A; lactation category C

42
Q

Passiflora incarnata

A 
anxiolytic
anti-spasmodic
sedative
hypnotic
anodyne

A/E: allergic
may potentiate other anxiolytics, barbiturates
toxicity: visual disturbances, loss of coordination, agitation, delirium

Pregnancy category B1; lactation category C

43
Q

Piper methysticum

A 
anxiolytic
hypnotic
anasthetic
skeletal muscle relaxant
mild sedative/analgesic

caution: Parkinson’s dz
A/E: feeling of intoxication, nausea, HA, CI complaints, skin rxn
interactions: alcohol, central dopaimine agonist/antagonist

Pregnancy category B1; lactation category CC

44
Q

Piscidia erythrina

A

analgesic
anti-spasmoid
hypnotic
sedative

CI: pregnancy, brandycardia, cardiac insufficiency
caution: avoid w/ depression and insomnia
A/E: n/v, HA

Pregnancy category D; lactation category SD

45
Q

Polygonum multiforum

A

nourish TCM essence

(convalesence, postpartum, fertility changes, insufficient libido)

caution: SP Qi dampness

(aka He shou wu)

46
Q

Poria cocos (Fu ling)

A

alterative
digestive and urinary decongestant
anti-inflammatory
immune support

(BPH, congestion in digestiv/urinary system)

47
Q

Pygeum/Prunus africanum

A

anti-prostatic/androgen/inflammatory/oxidant/edematous

A/E: GI upset

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category ND

48
Q

Rehmannia glutinosa

A

anti-pyretic/haemorrhagic/inflammatory
adrenal tonic/adaptogen

CI: damp phlegm patterns, def SP w/ dampness, def yang
A/E: diarrhea, ab pain, dizziness, fatigue, palpitations

Pregnancy category B3; lactation category C

49
Q

Rubus ideaus

A

astringent
uterine tonic
parturifacient
anti-diarrheal

Caution: constipation, Fe def anemia, malnutrition, long term use
A/E: increase irritation in GI/mouth
possible additive effect w/ other tannins

Pregnancy category A; lactation category C

raspberry leaf

50
Q

Salivia officinalis

A

anti-spasmodic/spetic/microbial/hydrotic (cooling)/inflammatory/oxidant/galactogoue
carminative
astringent

CI: pregnancy and lactation
A/E: allergic rxn
toxicity: vomiting, excessive salivation, epileptic spasms w/ cyanosis

Pregnancy category C; lactation category X

51
Q

Serenoa repens

A

endocrine balance
urinary anti-septic
diuretic

caution: prostate CA
A/E: GI irritation, anti-coagulant activity
interacts w/ Warfarin

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C

52
Q

Schisandra chinensis

A

hepatoprotective
anti-oxidant/tussive
adaptogen
nervine tonic

CI: early stages of cough, rash
caution: pregnancy (except near birth)
A/E: mild GI sx, HA

Pregnancy category B1; lactation category ND

53
Q

Smilax officinalis

A

tonic
alterative
anti-rheumatic

(eczema, psoriasis, BPH, waning libido, RA)

may interact and increase digitalis

54
Q

Solidago canadensis

A 
diuretic
anti-inflammatory/microbial/catarrhal
GU tonic - esp renal
diaphoretic
astringent

CI: allergy to Asteraceae/Compositae family

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C

55
Q

Theobroma cacao

A

tonic
mild stimulant
anti-oxidant

(asthma, COPD, low-mood, stress)

56
Q

Thuja occidentalis

A

anti-microbial/bacterial/viral/fungal
astringent
diuretic
pepurative

CI: pregnancy and lactation
caution: avoid long term use and high doses
A/E: HA
toxicity: GI irritation, convulsions, hypotension, coma, death

Pregnancy category D; lactation category X

57
Q

Tribulus terrestris

A 
tonic
aphrodisiac
estrogenic
androgenic
profertility

caution: cholestasis, Celiac dz, fat malabsorption, def of it A, D, E, K, GI irritation
A/E: irritation of gastric mucous membrane and reflux

Pregnancy category B3; lactation category CC

58
Q

Trifolium pratense

A

anti-spasmodic/tussive/tumour
estrogenic

CI/caution: breast CA, endometrial proliferation, bleeding disorders
A/E: dermatitis
interacts w/ anti-coagulants, chemo drugs

59
Q

Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek)

A 
hypoglycemic
hypolipidemic
demulcent
nutritive
immunomodulating
galactogogue
anti-oxidant/androgen/inflammatory

CI: pregnancy
caution: Celiac dz, etc
may inhibit Fe absorption

Pregnancy category B3; lactation category C

60
Q

Turnera diffusa

A

nervine tonic
aphrodisiac
mild laxative

(depression, anxiety, sexual inadequacy, nervous dyspepsia, constipation)

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category ND

61
Q

Urtica dioica

A 
anti-rheumatic/allergic/hemorrhagic/inflam/oxidant/BHP
astringent
depurative
alterative
male tonic

CI: allergy
caution: prostate CA
A/E: urticaria

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C

62
Q

Vaccinium macrocarpon

A

anti-adhesinon/bacteriostatic
astringent

caution: Hx of Ca oxalate renal calculi, diabetes, renal insufficiency
Interacts: Warfarin, omeprazole, UA dipstick results

Pregnancy category A; lactation category C

63
Q

Valeriana officinalis

A

anxiolytic
hypnotic
sedative
anti-spasmodic

caution: avoid w/ depression and insomnia
A/E: vivid dreams
toxicity: fatigue, ab cramping, chest tightness, lightheadedness, hand tremor, mydriasis

Pregnancy category B1; lactation category CC

64
Q

Verbena hastate

A

Diuretic
menstrual regulator
emmenagogue
galactagogue

Caution: pregnancy

65
Q

Viburnum opulus

A 
anti-spasmodic
astringent
hypotensive
vasodialator
CI: eating berries cay cause GI upset
A/E: high doses may cause NS depression

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C

66
Q

Viburnum prunifolium

A

uterine sedative
anti-spasmodic/asthmatic
astringent
hypotensive

caution: pre-existing renal calculi
A/E: n/v
interact w/ anti-coagulant

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category CC

67
Q

Vitex agnus-castus

A

prolactin inhibitor
dopaminergic agonist
indirectly progesterogenic
galactagogue

caution: avoid w/ progesterone drugs, OCP, HRT
A/E: mild Gi, skin conditions
interact w/ dopamine receptor antagonist, estrogenic/progesteronic meds

Pregnancy category B1; lactation category C

68
Q

Withania somnifera

A

nervine tonic
adaptogen
anti-inflammatory/anemic
immunomodulator

A/E: GI upset, diarrhea, vomitting
interact w/ benzodiazepines

Pregnancy category B1; lactation category C

69
Q

Zanthoxylum americanum

A 
circulatory tonic
alterative
warming
silagogue
(hemorrhoids, varicose vv, skin conditions of def/poor circulation, OA, neurasthenia)
70
Q

Zea mays

A

diuretic
urinary demulcent
anti-inflammatory

(inflame conditions of prostate and urinary systems, renal calcium, HTN)

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C

71
Q

Zingiber officinale

A

carminative
anit-emetic/spasmodic/inflammatory
circulatory stimulant
digestive stimulant

CI: gallstones
caution: high doses w/ blood thinning drugs, peptic ulceration
A/E: mild GI rxn
interaction: anti-coagulants

Pregnancy category A; lactation category C

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