Boron, Ch 41 Flashcards
Cholecystokinin
Source
I cells in duodenum and jejunum, neurons in ileum and colon
Cholecystokinin
Target
Pancreas, gall bladder
Cholecystokinin
Action
Increases enzyme secretion (pancreas)
Contraction (gall bladder)
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
Source
K cells in duodenum and jejunum
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
Target
Pancreas
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
Action
Exocrinically decreases fluid absorption
Endocrinically increases insulin release
Gastrin
Source
G cells in antrum of stomach
Gastrin
Target
Parietal cells in body of stomach
Gastrin
Action
Increases H+ secretion
Gastrin-releasing enzyme
Source
Vagal nerve endings
Gastrin-releasing enzyme
Target
G cells in antrum of stomach
Gastrin-releasing enzyme
Action
Increases gastrin release
Guanylin
Source
Ileum and colon
Guanylin
Target
Small and large intestine
Guanylin
Action
Increases fluid absorption
Motilin
Source
Endocrine cells in upper GI tract
Motilin
Target
Esophageal sphincter, stomach, duodenum
Motilin
Action
Increases smooth muscle contraction
Neurotensin
Source
Endocrine cells in GI tract
Neurotensin
Target
Intestinal smooth muscle
Neurotensin
Action
Vasoactive stimulation of histamine release
Peptide YY
Source
Endocrine cells in ileum and colon
Peptide YY
Target
Stomach and pancreas
Peptide YY
Action
Decreases vagally mediated acid secretion (stomach)
Decreases enzyme and fluid secretion (pancreas)
Secretin
Source
S cells in small intestine
Secretin
Target
Pancreas and stomach
Secretin
Action
Increases bicarbonate and fluid secretion (pancreas)
Decreases gastric acid secretion (stomach)
Somatostatin
Source
D cells of stomach and duodenum, delta cells of pancreatic islets
Somatostatin
Target
Stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver
Somatostatin
Action
Decreases gastrin release (stomach)
Increases fluid absorption and smooth muscle contraction, decreases secretion (intestine)
Decreases endo and exo secretion (pancreas)
Decreases bile flow (liver)
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
Source
Enteric nervous system neurons
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
Target
Small intestine, pancreas
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
Action
Increases smooth muscle relaxation (small intestine) Increases secretion (small intestine and pancreas)
Submucosal plexus (Meissner’s)
Plexus of the enteric nervous system
Located in the submucosa of the small and large intestine
Myenteric plexus (Auerbach’s)
Plexus of the enteric nervous system
Located between circular and longitudinal muscle layers throughout the GI tract
Achalasia
Condition where the lower esophageal sphincter does not relax and there are no peristalsis in distal esophagus resulting in difficulting in swallowing and dilation of the esophagus
Upper esophageal sphincter
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Lower esophageal sphincter
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Pyloric sphincter
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Ileocecal sphincter
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Internal and external anal sphincters
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Rectosphincteric reflex
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Migrating motor complex (MMC)
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