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Bordeaux > bordeaux general - study guide notes > Flashcards

bordeaux general - study guide notes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of regional IGP zones?

A

Regional
Departmental
local

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2
Q

What are the Regional Vin de Pays (IGP) zones?

A 
Pays d’Oc IGP, Languedoc-Roussillon
Val de Loire IGP, Loire
Comtés Rhodaniens IGP, Northern Rhône Valley, Jura and Savoie
Méditerranée IGP, Southeast France
Atlantique IGP, Bordeaux and Charente
Comté Tolosan IGP, Sud-Ouest
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3
Q

What are the Current French Wine Classifications?

A

Appellation d’Origine Contrôlee / Protégée (AOC/AOP)
Vin de Pays / Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP)
Vin de France (Table Wine

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4
Q

What are the generic Bordeaux Appellations?

A

Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Supérieur AOP
Crémant de Bordeaux AOP

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5
Q

What is a Courtier?

A

A wine broker. Provide financial backing to Chateaux.

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6
Q

What is En Premier?

A

The yearly offering of Bordeaux wines as futures.

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7
Q

What is Bordeaux mixture and what is its purpose?

A

A mixture of lime, copper sulfate, and water. It is used to fight fungal problems in the vineyard. Throughout Bordeaux.

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8
Q

What causes coulure and millerandange

A

springtime frosts

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9
Q

What are the principal grape varieties for Bordeaux Blanc AOP?

A

Principal Varieties: Min. 70% combined Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Muscadelle

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10
Q

What are the Accessory Varieties for Bordeaux Blanc?

A

Max. 30% combined Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc, and Colombard

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11
Q

What are the minimum residual sugar requirements for Bordeaux Blanc?

A

Blanc (Sec): max. 3 g/l

Blanc (with residual sugar): 5-60 g/l

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12
Q

What is Bordeaux “Haut-Benauge”?

A

Subzones (Geographic Designations)

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13
Q

What are the principal grapes for Bordeaux “Haut-Benauge”?

A

Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Muscadelle

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14
Q

Minimum Potential Alcohol: Blanc Sec?

A

10%

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15
Q

Minimum Potential Alcohol: Blanc?

A

(with residual sugar): 10.5% (10% acquired)

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16
Q

Minimum Potential Alcohol:Rosé?

A

10%

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17
Q

Minimum Potential Alcohol: Rouge?

A

10.5%

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18
Q

Minimum Potential Alcohol: Blanc Moelleux?

A

10.5%

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19
Q

Minimum Potential Alcohol:Bordeaux “Haut Benauge”:

A

Bordeaux “Haut Benauge”: 11.5% (11% acquired)

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20
Q

What are the wine styles permitted for Bordeaux Superieur?

A

Blanc - min. 17 g/l rs

Rouge - max 3 g/l rs

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21
Q

What are the Styles and Encépagement for Cremant de Bordeaux?

A

Vin Mousseux Blanc:
Principal Varieties: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère, Muscadelle, Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris
Accessory Varieties: Max. 30% combined Colombard, Merlot Blanc, and Ugni Blanc
Vin Mousseux Rosé: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère

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22
Q

What is Assemblage?

A

Blend - refers to a blend of grapes used to make wine.

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23
Q

What is Encepagment?

A

Refers to a vineyard being planted to different grape varieties.

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24
Q

What is a barrique?

A

225 liter capacity barrel

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25
Q

What are the sparkling wine requirements for Cremant de Bordeaux?

A

Sparkling Wine Requirements: •Traditional Method Secondary Fermentation
•The wines must spend a min. 9 months on the lees prior to dégorgement, and may not be released for a min. 12 months after the date of tirage
•Min. 3.5 atmospheres of pressure

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26
Q

When were the wines of St. Emilion classified?

A

1954 - then they were published in 1955

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27
Q

When were the revisions of the St. Emilion Classification?

A

1969, 1985, 1996, 2006, 2012

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28
Q

When were the wines of Graves first classified?

A

1953, and then revised in 1959 - 6 additional wines added.

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29
Q

How many Chateau are classified in Graves?

A

16 total
13 for red
9 for white

30
Q

When was Pesscac-Leognan created?

A

1987

31
Q

What are Boulbenes?

A

The soils of Graves - a mix of sand gravel and clay.

32
Q

How old is Chateau Pape-Clement?

A

It was the first identifiable vineyard site in the region - 1305

33
Q

What is the style of Graves AOP?

A

Rouge

Blanc

34
Q

How much white wine is produced in Graves?

A

25%

35
Q

What is unique about Chateau La Tour Haut Brion?

A

classified for red wine (Graves).

final vintage was 2005

36
Q

What is unique about Chateau Laville Haut Brion?

A

classified for white wine (Graves)

final vintage was 2008

37
Q

Who uses the grapes from La Tour Haut Brion, and Laville Haut Brion? The 2 properties no longer make wine under those labels.

A

La Mission Haut Brion.

38
Q

Where is Pessac-Leognan?

A

Northern Graves.

39
Q

What are the communes of Pessac Leognan?

A
  1. Pessac
  2. Léognan
  3. Cadaujac
  4. Canéjan
  5. Gradignan
  6. Martillac
  7. Mérignac
  8. Saint-Médard-d’Eyrans
  9. Talence
  10. Villenave-d’Ornons
40
Q

Name 4 appellations that produce sweet wine within Graves?

A
  1. Sauternes
  2. Barsac
  3. Cérons
  4. Graves Supérieures
41
Q

What is the minimum RS for Graves Supérieures?

A

Minimum Residual Sugar: 34 g/l

42
Q

What are croupes?

A

Gravel mounds of the Haut-Medoc.

43
Q

What are Jalles?

A

drainage canals in the Medoc

44
Q

Why does Merlot grow so well in clay soils?

A

The water retentive soils stunt Merlot’s vigorous growth. Also, Merlot ripens early so cooler soils are not a big issue.

45
Q

What is unique about Bordeaux classifications?

A

The property is classified, so if a vineyard changes hands, the property can be declassified or become classified with new ownership.

46
Q

When was Cru Artisan officially recognized?

A

2002 - officially recognized in 2005. 44 properties.

47
Q

Where is Chasse Spleen from?

A

Moulis-en-Medoc

48
Q

What are the AOPs of the Medoc?

A
  • Médoc AOP
  • Haut-Médoc AOP
  • St-Estèphe AOP
  • Pauillac AOP
  • St-Julien AOP
  • Listrac-Médoc AOP
  • Moulis-en-Médoc AOP
  • Margaux AOP
49
Q

When were the first AOCs awarded in France?

A

1936

50
Q

How many AOP or AOCs were there in 2011?

A

480 - over 50% of French wine released

51
Q

What does the INAO currently stand for?

A

L’Institut National de l’Origine et de la Qualite - it changed in 2007

52
Q

When did the INAO bring it appellation system in line with new EU standards?

A

In 2009

53
Q

AOP is recognized as what EU designation?

A

PDO - or Protected Designation or Origin

54
Q

What family of grapes may be used for PDO wine production?

A

Vitis Vinifera

55
Q

When was the VDQS category eliminated?

A

2011

56
Q

How much French wine is released as Vin de Pays?

A

29%

57
Q

What is VINIFLHOR?

A

A governmental agricultural office that used to oversee the Vin de Pays wine production.

58
Q

Who currently oversees Vin de Pays wine production?

A

The INAO

59
Q

What are the maximum yields for Vin de Pays?

A

Whites: 90 hl/ha
Reds and Rose: 85 hl/ha
Total output for a single producer must be < than 100 hl/ha

60
Q

Vin de Pays wines can be labeled as?

A

IGP = Protected Geographic Indication

61
Q

What are some of the Vin de Pays / IGP stipulations?

A

Must be produced from Vitis Vinifera vines or hybrids

Minimum 85% of the grapes must be sourced from the stated geographic area.

62
Q

French terms for Table Wines?

A

Vin de Table
Vin Ordinaires

Now known as Vin de France!

63
Q

Can the vintage and varietal appear on a Vin de France Label?

A

Yes, the change was designed to allow basic French wines to compete with New World varietal wines. They are now allowed to practice acidifcation and use oak chips as well.

64
Q

When was Bordeaux ruled by England?

A

From 1152 to 1453 - creating a market familiar with Bordeaux wine.

65
Q

Describe the climate of Brodeaux?

A

Maritime
Atlantic and Gironde moderate temperature
Winter freeze and spring frosts are a threat
Winters are short, spring is damp, and summers can be hot.
Rain is a worry at harvest.
Pine forest help protect vines from Northwest winds.

66
Q

What is important to recognize about the Bordeaux climate.

A

The climate is varied enough to produce wide vintage variation in the finished wines from year to year.

67
Q

What is Clairet?

A

A darker more aromatic style of rose that evokes the original claret wines shipped to England in the Middle Ages.

68
Q

Bordeaux AOP white wines are generally labeled?

A

Sec

69
Q

How many grapes are allowed for Bordeaux AOP red wines?

A

6

  1. Cabernet Sauvignon
  2. Merlot
  3. Cabernet Franc
  4. Petit Verdot
  5. Malbec
  6. Carmenere
70
Q

How many grapes are allowed for Bordeaux AOP white wines?

A

7

  1. Sauvignon Blanc
  2. Semillon
  3. Muscadelle
  4. Sauvignon Gris
  5. Ugni Blanc
  6. Merlot Blanc
  7. Colombard

5,6,7 are accessory grapes.

71
Q

What is the minimum Residual Sugar for Bordeaux Supérieur Blanc?

A

17 gpl

72
Q

What is the minimum potential abv % for Bordeaux Supérieur Blanc?

A

11% with 10% acquired.

Bordeaux (9 decks)

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