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2022 Bordeaux Classification > Bordeaux > Flashcards

Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

Which IGT is Bordeaux within?

A

Atlantique IGT

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2
Q

Standard Bordeaux AOP Wine styles

A

Red White Rose or Clairet

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3
Q

Define Clairet

A

a darker more aromatic style of rose that evokes the original claret wines shipped to England

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4
Q

Red Grapes Allowed for Bordeaux AOP

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, Malbec, Carmenere

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5
Q

Why is Assemblage Important?

A

insurance for the blend, Merlot is harvested earlier (safety from late summer rains) and Cabernet Sauvignon can avoid early spring frosts

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6
Q

What is the most widely planted grape of Bordeaux

A

Merlot

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7
Q

What type of soil does Merlot Prefer?

A

clay based soils, delays natural vigor

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8
Q

What soil does Cabernet Sauvignon prefer?

A

well-drained gravel, best for roots to dig deep, undergo water stress. has problems ripening in colder limestone/clay soils

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9
Q

What soil does Cabernet Franc prefer?

A

limestone soil, promotes acid

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10
Q

Typical Medoc Blend?

A

2/3 Cabernet Sauvignon 1/3 Blend of Merlot and Cabernet Franc

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11
Q

Typical Right Bank Blend?

A

3/4 Merlot to 1/4 Cabernet Frac

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12
Q

Where would you find Petit Verdot?

A

small amounts on left bank, virtually non existent on the right (b.c. LAST TO RIPEN)

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13
Q

What is another name for Malbec? Where is it used?

A

Pressac, On the Right Bank (like merlot performance wise)

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14
Q

Name two former grapes previously allowed for AOC reds?

A

Saint Macaire and Gros Vredot

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15
Q

Main Basic Bordeaux AOP Blanc

A

Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscadelle

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16
Q

Other Bordeaux AOP Blanc blending grapes?What percentage of these is allowed?

A

30%, Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc, Colombard

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17
Q

What oak barrel is typically used? What size?

A

225L Barrique for top Chateaux, entry level usually large oak barrels

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18
Q

Climate of Bordeaux?

A

Maritime

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19
Q

What bodies of water affect Bordeaux?

A

Atlantic, Gironde Estuary (Dordogne R. Bank) and Garrone L Bank)

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20
Q

any forrest that help bordeaux?

A

coastal pine forests protect Medoc from harsh winds

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21
Q

What are the biggest worries climate wise for Bordeaux?

A

Rain at harvest, Wet springs and Humidity cause mold and rot problems

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22
Q

Name 3 American Diseases that Affected Bordeaux around late 1800’s

A

Oidium (powdery mildew) Phylloxera (Root Louse) Pernospera (downey Mildew)

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23
Q

What is the bordeaux mixture, what is it used for

A

lime copper sulfate and water used to combat pernospera (downy mildew)

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24
Q

What are the dutch drainage channels, when were they created?

A

1600’s Jalles

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25
Q

What style of wine did the Dutch prefer?

A

sweet white wines, full bodied reds, germanic technique of burning sulfur candle in barrel

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26
Q

What style of wine did the British prefer?

A

Light red clairets

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27
Q

wine brokers of bordeaux?

A

courtiers, control trade and financial backing for wineries

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28
Q

CIVB? When established?

A

1948, Conseil Interprofessionnel du Vin de Bordeaux or Bordeaux Wine Council

29
Q

Pruning methods for Left and Right Bank, and Sweet wines?

A

Left Bank- Double Guyot (cane prune)
Right Bank- Single Guyot (cane prune)
Dessert wine- Cordon Training (Spur Training) smaller berries–attract botrytis

30
Q

Name two sorting methods popular in Bordeaux?

A

Optical Sorter and Density Sorter

31
Q

How would you typically break the cap in Bordeaux?

A

Remontage= Pump over, helps yeasts form, can help with extraction

32
Q

Typical wine making practices?

A

full destemming, chaptalization to gain alcohol and body, fermentation in large oak or epoxy lined concrete, assemblage, malo in barrel

33
Q

Why was the 1855 classification created? By Who?

A

Napoleon III for the Universal Exposition in Paris based on price

34
Q

What is Cru Artisan?

A

44 producers in Medoc, for 150 years, use the designation due to land work and craft for low finance operations, officially recognized in 2002

35
Q

What is Cru Bourgeois?

A 
1932 classification dividing properties into 3 categories: became official in 2003
Bourgeois Exceptionnel
Cru Bourgeois Superior
Crus Bourgeois
Legally stopped
36
Q

When was cru bourgeois reinstated?

A

2008, but only as a quality indicator, must apply regularly to blind tasting pannel

37
Q

How long is the Medoc?

38
Q

Medoc AOP

A

made up of Haut Medoc and surrounding communes, technically for wines north of St. Estephe in Bas-Medoc

39
Q

What is the Medoc AOP like?

A

sparse vineyards intermingled with forest, pasture and mixed agriculture, lots of Jalles (reversal of swampland)

40
Q

What is the wine focus of the Medoc?

A

devoted to red, only 123 acres of white planted, small modest estates with higher percentage of Merlot as better in waterlogged clay heavy soil

41
Q

Dutch unearthed gravel mounds, deep gravel beds?

42
Q

St Estephe AOP describe

A

Brawn, sturdy full bodied reds with slightly higher percentage of Merlot due to higher amount of clay in soil

43
Q

Pauillac AOP Describe

A

Classic Claret, Gravel topsoil at its deepest point, Austere Pencil Shavings, Cigarbox, Black Currant

44
Q

Saint Julien AOP Describe

A

Elegant Style, Ceder/Blackcurrant, 80% is classified AOP wine , less wine than other communes, but great quality

45
Q

Two houses in Moulis AOP

A

Chasse-Spleen, Poujeaux

46
Q

Margaux AOP Describe

A

Largest Commune, thin sandy gravel over limestones “GRAVEL ISLAND” shallow crops more clay in outside areas, Floral exotic, finesses wines

47
Q

Villages of Margaux AOP?

A

Soussans, Margaux, Cantenac, Labarde, Arsac

48
Q

What was the first chateaux to estate bottle? When?

A

Mouton Rothschild in 1924 entire production

49
Q

First major chateaux to opt out of Em Primeur?

50
Q

Where is Ch. Pape Clement? as a gift to bordeaux when?

A

Graves AOP 1305

51
Q

Graves Soil?

A

similar to medoc but sandier in South

52
Q

Boulbenes?

A

mix of sand gravel and light clay

53
Q

Graves AOP Styles?

A

white and red

54
Q

When were Graves wines classified? how many classified?

A

1959, 13 estates for Red, 9 for White

55
Q

When did Chateau La Tour Haut Brion produce its final vintage?

A

2005, RED now supply wine for La Mission Haut Brion second wine

56
Q

When did Chateau Laville Haut-Brion produce its final vintage?

A

2008, WHITE now supply wine for La Mission Haut Brion

57
Q

Pessac Leognan AOP created when?

A

1987, red and white wines

58
Q

Pessac communes?

A

Leognan, Cadaujac, Canejan, Gradignan, Martillac, Merignac, Saint Medard d’Eyrans, Talence, Villenave d’Orons

59
Q

Graves Supérieures AOP?

A

Sweet wine appellation for min RS 34 g/L

60
Q

What sub AOPs are included in Graves Superieures AOP?

A

Sauternes, Barsac, Cerons

61
Q

Sauternes AOP is made of of which villages?

A

Barsac, Preignac, Bommes, Fargues, Sauternes

62
Q

What are two other names for noble rot?

A

Botryis Cinerea or Porriture Noble

63
Q

What grapes are used for Sauternes production?

A

Semillon Sauvignon Blanc and Muscadelle

64
Q

Sauternes is influenced by which rivers, how?

A

Ciron (cold morning mists) and Garonne (warm )

65
Q

How are dry wines of this region categorized?

A

Bordeaux or Bordeaux Superior

66
Q

Name two famous dry wines of the region

A

Yquems “Y” or Rieussec “R” (owned by Rothschild)

67
Q

Minimum must weight for Sauternes

68
Q

Minimum RS for Sauternes

2022 Bordeaux Classification (2 decks)

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