Bordeaux Flashcards
Chateau Valandraud?
2nd Label and classification?
Saint Emilion Grand Cru classé B
Located on the south part of Saint Emilion closer to the Dordogne
70% Merlot / 20% CF/ 5% CS + Malbec and Carmenère
Virgine de Valandraud
Chateau l’Evangile?
Pomerol
80% Merlot / 20% CF
Blason de l’Evangile
Chateau Clos Fourtet
Classification and 2nd Label?
Saint Emilion Grand Cru classé B
85% Merlot / 10% CF / 5% CS
Closerie de Fourtet
Chateau Lafleur?
Pomerol
Pensées de Lafleur
Chateau Pétrus?
Unproduced vintages?
Pomerol
No 2nd Labels
Logo on the label is St. Peter “Petros” greek version
Owned by Arnaud Family since 1770,
then M. Lignac bought it in 1929 (large connection in Bordeaux business)
Share its owneship with JP Moeuix, and became Moeuix family owned in 1969 when JF Moeuix (son of JP), purchased the remaning sharing part
Blue Clay soil: make difference to other vineyards
100% Merlot
The high reconization of Petrus is back to 1900’s: after phylloxera crisis
Unproduced vintages: 1991
Côtes de Blaye?
Blanc Sec:
60-90% combined Colombard and Ugni Blanc; plus Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Sémillon
Blaye AOP
**Rouge:
Principal Varieties: Min. 50% combined Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot
Accessory Varieties: Cot (Malbec), plus a max. 15% combined Petit Verdot and Carmenère (max. 10% Carmenère)
What are the classified chateaux for white and red in the “Graves Classification”?
- Ch Bouscaut
- Ch Carbonnieux
- Ch Latour-Martillac
- Ch Malartic Lagravière
- Ch Olivier
- Ch Domaine de Chevalier
Chateau Clinet?
Pomerol
88% Merlot / 12% CS
Fleur de Clinet
What is Bordeaux Haut Benauge?
Subzone of the Bordeaux AOP
Entre-Deux-Mers
Produces dry and moelleux white: Semilon, SB, Sauvignon Gris and Muscadelle
What are the communes of Haut Benauge
Haut-Benauge: Arbis, Cantois, Escoussans, Gornac, Ladaux, Mourens, Saint-Pierre-de-Bat, Soulignac, Targon
Name the crossing of the Merlot?
Madeleine Noire des Charentes X Cabernet Franc
What are the sub-zone for Cotes de Bordeaux AOP?
- Francs
- Cadillac
- Castillon
- Blaye
- Sainte Foy
Blanc
Principal Varieties: Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon, and Muscadelle
**Rouge **
Principal Varieties: Min. 50% combined Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot; plus a max. 50% Cot (Malbec)
What are the red GV allowed on the left bank in Bordeaux?
Cab Sauv, Merlot, Cab Franc, Petit Verdot, Cot (Malbec), Carmenère
chateau Canon la Gaffelière
Classification and 2nd Label?
Saint Emilion Grand Cru classé B
Saint Emilion
52% Merlot / 40% CF / 8% CS
Organic growing estate
Côte Mignon la Gaffelière
What style of wine under Côtes de Bordeaux AOP?
**Rouge only
Principal Varieties: Min. 50% combined Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot; plus a max. 50% Cot (Malbec)
Accessory Varieties: Max. 15% combined Petit Verdot and Carmenère (max. 10% Carmenère)
Name all of the GCC B of Saint Emilion?
- Château Beau-Séjour Bécot
- Château Beauséjour (Heretieres Duffau-Lagarrosse)
- Château Bélair-Monange (known simply as Belair until the 2008 vintage)
- Château Canon
- Château Canon-la-Gaffelière
- Clos Fourtet
- Château Larcis-Ducasse
- La Mondotte
- Château Pavie-Macquin
- Château Troplong-Mondot
- Château Trotte Vieille
- Château Valandraud
What were the worst vintages for Bordeaux dating back to the 1980s
LB: ‘80, ‘83, ‘84 ‘87, ‘91-93, ‘97, ‘98 ‘02, ‘07 ‘08, ‘13
RB: ‘80, ‘83, ‘84, ‘87, ‘91-93, ‘96 ‘99, ‘02, ‘07, ‘13
Sauternes: ‘80-‘82, ‘84-85, ‘87, ‘91-‘92, ‘95, ‘00, ‘02, ‘12
(‘80, ‘84, ‘87, ‘91, ‘92 are the absolute worst)
What does Cabernet Franc contribute to the blend in in Bordeaux? What soils does it prefer? Early/late budding? Early/late ripening?
- Imparts herbal spice and red fruit aromatics. More tannic than Merlot, but less muscular or weighty than Cabernet Sauvignon.
- Excels in limestone-based soils, which promote acidity and freshness in the wines.
- Late-budding/Late ripening but earlier for both than Cabernet Sauvignon.
How many estates are classified in Graves? Which are red only? (7) Which are white only? (3) Which are classified for both red and white? (6)
16 Classified
**Both: **
* Bouscaut
* Carbonnieux
* Domaine de Chevalier
* Latour-Martillac
* Malartic-Lagraviére
* Olivier
**Red **
* Onlyde Fieuzal
* Haut-Bailly
* Haut-Brion
* Pape-Clément
* Smith-Haut-Lafite
* La Mission Haut-Brion
* La Tour Haut-Brion
White Only
* Laville-Haut-Brion (White)
* Couhins-Lurton (White)
* Couhins (White)
What kind of soils dominate the left bank and what are their beneficial characteristics? Right Bank?
**Left Bank **is defined by quartz-rich gravel over clay and marl in the Haut-Modoc with mixture of clays, gravels, and sands (boulbenes) south of Pessac-Léognan in Graves, Sauternes, Barsac, and Cérons.
**Right Bank **is mostly clay and limestone with some gravel mixed in. Clay is more damp and less heat-retaining thus vines planted on it are more susceptible to frosts, heavy rains, and are later to ripen.
What are the 5 villages of Sauternes? Which can choose to use Sauternes on its labels instead of its own?
- Sauternes
- Barsac
- Fargues
- Preignac
- Bommes
- Barsac can use Sauternes on its labels
What kind of climate does St-Emilion and Pomerol have? What are the major hazards of the spring season here?
Continental with short winters and damp springs.
Frost which can lead to coulure and millerandage effectively reducing yields; excessive rain can result in severe problems with mold and rot.
What is Bordeaux mixture and what is it used for?
Mix of lime, copper sulfate, and water.used to avoid fungal problems
What style of wine is made in Blayes Côtes de Bordeaux and Francs Côtes de Bordeaux AOPs?
Red & White
Cadillac AOP and style
** Blanc**
Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon
Minimum Residual Sugar: 51 g/l
Bourg/Côtes de Bourg/Bourgeais AOP
Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon, Muscadelle, Colombard
Rouge
Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Cot, and Merlot
Côtes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire AOP
Blanc (Sec, Moelleux, and Liquoreux): Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon
Residual Sugar:
Sec: max. 4 g/l
Moelleux: 34-45 g/l
Liquoreux: min. 45 g/l (51 g/l prior to 2011)
Entre-Deux-Mers AOP
**Blanc Sec: **
Min. 70% combined Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Muscadelle, and Sémillon
Accessory Varieties: Colombard, and Ugni Blanc
Subzones (Geographic Designations): Haut-Benauge
Graves de Vayres AOP
**Blanc: **Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Sémillon; plus max. 30% Merlot Blanc
Rouge: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère
Loupiac AOP
Sweet Blanc
Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon
45gRS
Min 45g RS
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux AOP
Sweet Blanc
Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon
34g RS
min 34 g RS
Name the sweet wine appellations of Entre Deux Mers
- Cadillac AOP
- Loupiac AOP
- Sainte Croix du Mont AOP
What is the RS for Cadillac AOP
51g/l
What is the RS for Loupiac AOP
45 g/l
What is the RS for Sainte Croix du Mont AOP
45g/l
Which AOP allows still dry/sweet and sparkling wine in Entre Deux Mers
Cotes de Bordeaux Sainte Macaire AOP
Blanc (Sec, Moelleux, and Liquoreux): Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon
Which AOPs of the Côtes de Bordeaux only allows RED
- Côtes de Bordeaux AOP
- Côtes de Bordeaux AOP Castillon
- Côtes de Bordeaux AOP Cadillac
Blaye AOP
Name the AOPs of the Entre Deux Mers
- Entre Deux Mers - DRY white
* Cadillac - sweet - Graves de Vayres - DRY white and red
* Loupiac - sweet - Cotes de Bordeaux Saint Macaire - DRY SWEET Blanc (Sec, Moelleux, and Liquoreux)
* Sainte Croix du Mont - sweet
Crémant de Bordeaux AOP grapes
Vin Mousseux Blanc:
Principal Varieties: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère, Muscadelle, Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris
Accessory Varieties: Max. 30% combined Colombard, Merlot Blanc, and Ugni Blanc
Vin Mousseux Rosé: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère
Crémant de Bordeaux AOP explained
- Traditional Method Secondary Fermentation
- The wines must spend a min. 9 months on the lees prior to dégorgement, and may not be released for a min. 12 months after the date of tirage
- Min. 3.5 atmospheres of pressure
Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base): 72 hl/ha (100 liters per 150 kg max. press yield)
Bordeaux Supérieur AOP max yields
grapes
Maximum Yield (Rendement de Base):
Blanc: 49 hl/ha
Rouge: 59 hl/ha
Blanc:
Principal Varieties: Min. 70% combined Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Muscadelle
Accessory Varieties: Max. 30% combined Merlot Blanc, Ugni Blanc, Colombard, and Liliorila, with max. 5% Liliorila
Rouge:
Principal Varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Cot (Malbec), Merlot, Petit Verdot, and Carmenère
AOPs of Graves
RED AND WHITE DRY
* Graves AOP Rouge & Blanc (sec)
* Pessac-Léognan AOP Rouge & Blanc (sec)
SWEET
Graves Supérieures AOP Blanc (liquoreux)
Cérons AOP Blanc (liquoreux)
Barsac AOP Blanc (liquoreux)
Sauternes AOP Blanc (liquoreux)
RS for
Graves Supérieures AOP Blanc (liquoreux)
Cérons AOP Blanc (liquoreux)
Barsac AOP Blanc (liquoreux)
Sauternes AOP Blanc (liquoreux)
Graves Supérieures AOP Blanc (liquoreux) - 34g
Cérons AOP Blanc (liquoreux) - 45
Barsac AOP Blanc (liquoreux) - 45
Sauternes AOP Blanc (liquoreux) - 45
ALL 221 g/l must weight
Communes of production
Barsac
Cerons
Sauternes
Barsac - Barsac
Cerons - Cerons, Illats, Podensac
Sauternes - Bommes, Fargues, Preignac, Sauternes, Barsac
Communes of Pessac-Léognan AOP
Communes of Production:
* Pessac
* Léognan
* Cadaujac
* Canéjan
* Gradignan
* Martillac
* Mérignac
* Saint-Médard-d’Eyrans
* Talence
* Villenave-d’Ornon
Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base): 54 hl/ha
Sauternes AOP
Styles and Encépagement:
Blanc: Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon
Minimum Potential Alcohol: 15% (12% acquired)
Minimum Must Weight: 221 g/l
Minimum Residual Sugar: 45 g/l
Harvest Method: botrytis-affected grapes must be hand-harvested in successive tries
Élevage: The wines may not be released until June 30 of the year following the harvest
Minimum Planting Density: 6,500 vines per hectare
Maximum Yield (Rendement de Base): 25 hl/ha
Médoc AOP
**Rouge **
Principal Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Cot (Malbec), and Carmenère
Varieties for adaptation purposes:
Arinarnoa
Castets
Marselan
Touriga Nacional
These varieties are limited to 5 % of the varieties grown and 10 % of the blend
MAX 3 RS
Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base): 55 hl/ha
Communes of Margaux
Margaux-Cantenac
Soussans
Labarde
Arsac
Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base): 57 hl/ha
Communes of Pauillac AOP
- Pauillac
- Saint-Sauveur
- Saint-Estèphe
- Saint-Julien-Beychevelle
Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base): 57 hl/ha
St Julien AOP communes of production
Saint-Julien-Beychevelle
Cussac-Fort-Médoc
Pauillac
Saint-Laurent-Médoc
Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base): 57 hl/ha
Moulis/Moulis-en-Médoc AOP
Arcins
Avensan
Castelnau-de-Médoc
Cussac-Fort-Médoc
Lamarque
Listrac-Médoc
Moulis-en-Médoc
AOP of the Right Bank
ROUGE ONLY
* Saint-Émilion AOP
* Saint-Émilion Grand Cru AOP
* Lussac-St-Émilion AOP
* Montagne-St-Émilion AOP
* Puisseguin-St-Émilion AOP
* Saint-Georges-St-Émilion AOP
* Pomerol AOP
* Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP
* Canon Fronsac AOP
* Fronsac AOP
AOP of Medoc
- Médoc AOP
- Haut-Médoc AOP
- Saint-Estèphe AOP
- Pauillac AOP
- Saint-Julien AOP
- Listrac-Médoc AOP
- Moulis/Moulis-en-Médoc AOP
- Margaux AOP
Saint-Émilion AOP
Communes of production
- Libourne
- Saint-Christophe-des-Bardes
- Saint-Émilion
- Saint-Étienne-de-Lisse
- Saint-Hippolyte
- Saint-Laurent-des-Combes
- Saint-Pey-d’Armens
- Saint-Sulpice-de-Faleyrens
- Vignonet
Saint-Émilion AOP -53 hl/ha
St. Emilion Grand Cru AOP - 46 hl/ha
Pomerol AOP
Communes of production
Communes of Production: Libourne, Pomerol
Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base): 49 hl/ha
Malbec Synonym
Pressac (Malbec)
Max yields for
St. Emilion
St. Emilion GC
Pomerol
Saint-Émilion AOP -53 hl/ha
St. Emilion Grand Cru AOP - 46 hl/ha
Pomerol - 49 hl/ha
What are the classified chateaux for white and red in the “Graves Classification”?
Ch Bouscaut - Ch Carbonnieux - Ch Latour-Martillac - Ch Malartic Lagravière - Chateau Olivier - Domaine de Chevalier
What is a “Piece Bordelaise?”
225L oak barrel historically present in Bordeaux.
Used in early time for shipping, then came for ageing and maturation later on.
What is the crossing of the Carmenère?
Cabernet Franc X Gros Cabernet*
- Gros Cabernet itself (Hondarribi Beltza X Fer)
What is the Ciron?
Little cold river located in Sauternes AOP:
Creating the particular fog for the Botrytis production
What are the communes of production for Pomerol?
What are the GV allowed?
Libourne and Pomerol only
CF, CS, Merlot, Cot (Malbec), PV
What was the first “Chateau estate” to appear in official documents in Bordeaux? When?
Chateau Haut Brion in 1660 (
Cellar note of the King Charles II
Why is the macquin (From Chateau Pavie-Macquin) famous for in Bordeaux?
Macquin helps to resolve the phylloxera epidemy in Bordeaux and Europe: found grafting resistance against the pest
What’s Happening in 1956 vintage in Bordeaux?
Terrible frost on the vineyard: Many concerns on this weather
= Vineyard plantation change way
What is the river of St Emilion?
Dordogne
Name some highly regarded producers of Pomerol?
Chateau Clinet: Fleur de Clinet
Chateau la Conseillante: Duo de la Conseillante
Chateau l’Eglise-Clinet: La Petite Eglise
Chateau l’Evangile: Blason de l’Evangile
Chateau Gazin: L’Hospitalet de Gazin
Chateau Lafleur: Pensées de Lafleur
Chateau Pétrus: None
Chateau Le Pin: None
Chateau Trotanoy: Esperance de Trotanoy (2009)
Chateau Vieux Certan: La Gravette de Certan
What are the GV allowed to Crémant de Bordeaux AOP?
Principales varieties: Cab Franc, Cab Sauf, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdos, Carmenère, Muscadelle, Sémillon SB, Sauv Gris
Since 1990
What s “Jalles”?
Canals system create on the 17th century by Deutch in Bordeaux to drain off northern lands of Bordeaux (Graves)
What is the name of the Sauternes’s rivers?
Cirons: small cold river through the AOP
Garonne: Bigger and warmer river
The joing between both create the Fogs for Botrytis devellopement
Name the “Crus Bourgeois Exeptionels”
look up
What are the Sauternes’s chateaux with the higher proportion of Sauvignon Blanc into the blend?
Chateau Guiraut (1st GCC): 35%
Chateau Filhot (2GCC): 36%
Give some synonym name to Carmenère grape?
Grand Vidure, Biturica, Carbonet
What is the particularity of Chateau Valandraud in term of Grape growing?
Is one of the only one in Bordeaux to remains and still cultivation the all 5 GV: Merlot, CF, CS, Malbec and Carmène
What is the main sea current affecting the viticulture in Bordeaux?
Gulf Stream
What are the 5 sub zone of Cotes de Bordeaux? What wines are produces under this banner?
- CDB Francs: Dry / Sweet Dry (botrytis or passerillage) and Red
CDB Castillon: Red Only
CDB Cadillac: Red Only
CDB Blaye: Dry white
CDB Sainte Foy: (added in 2018): Dry, “moelleux” and “liquoreux” white & Red (85% CF, CS, Merlot and Cot + Carmenere, PV)
What is the crossing of the Cot?
Prunelard X Madeleine noir des Charentes
= Malbec
How must be produce the Crémant de Bordeaux AOC? Ageing req?
Traditional method process Must spent 9 mth OTL prior disgorgement. – Not released prior 12 mth after tirage - - 3,5 atm
What is the crossing of the Cab Sauv?
Sauvignon Blanc x Cabernet Franc
What are the 4 “Satellites” of Saint Emilion?
Lussac-Saint-Emilion
Puisseguin-Saint-Emilion
Saint Georges -Saint-Emilion
Montagne-Saint-Emilion
What are the sweet wine appellation of the Garonne’s right bank
Cadillac Loupiac Sainte Croix du Mont
Also Cotes de Bdx Saint Maccaire makes sweet wine, although also does sec blanc, and sparkling
What are the residual sugar req in Bordeaux for Moelleux and liquoreux?
Liquoreux: Min 51 g/L
Moeulleux: 17-45 g/L
Dry: max 4 g/L
What are the Villages of production for Saint Emilion Grand Crus AOP?
Libourne
Saint-Christophe des Bardes
Saint Emilion
Saint Etienne de Lisse
Saint Hippolyte
Saint Laurent des Combes
Saint Pey d’Armens
Saint Sulpice de Faleyrens
Vignonet
What are the villages that can be used on the label of Pomerol
Pomerol
Catusseau
Pignon
Moulinet
Rivers of Pomerol
Isel
Barbanne
Size of Pomerol
2x Gevrey Chambertin
How blue clay also known as?
Buttoriere ‘buttonhole’
Pomerol yield
St. Emilion yield
St. Emilion GC yield
Medoc yield
Medoc famous villages (Pauillac etc)
Pomerol yield - 49 hl/ha
St. Emilion yield - 53 hl/ha
St. Emilion GC yield - 46 hl/ha
Medoc yield - 55 hl/ha
Medoc famous villages (Pauillac etc) - 57hl/ha
How do you label St. Emilion white wine
IF it is made out of Sauvignon blanc and Semillon - AOC Bordeaux
OTHER grapes - vin de France
St. Emilion classification updates
1955, 1969, 1986, 1996, 2006, 2012, 2022
Which winery has Carmenere in the blend in BDX
Valandraud in Pomerol
Clerck Milon - 5th Puaillac
Brane Cantenac - 2nd Margaux
In Bordeaux in which AOP can you do sparkling wines?
Saint Foy Cotes de Bordeaux AOP
Cotes de Bordeaux saint Macaire AOP
What are the sub zones of Haut Beauge and style of wine made
Blanc SEC
mARcanGOl ESt
Maurens
Arbis
Cantois
Gornac
Ladaux
Escoussans
Targon
Which AOP allow adoption purposes grapes?
Medoc AOP
Listrac Medoc AOP
Margaux AOP - only up to 5% Castets!!!
Scoring criteria of St. Emilion classification
GC classe 14/20
Premier GC classe 16/20
Tasting of 10-15 vintages
Analysis of: topography, soil, viticulture, winemaking, reputation of the estate
Name the accessory grape varieties of BDX
White and REd
Alvarinho & Liliorina
Castets & Marselan & Touriga National & Arinanora
What is the crossing of Arinanora
Tannat x Cabernet Sauvignon
Crossing of Marselan
Grenache Noir x Cabernet Sauvignon
Synonym of Castets
Maturana Tinta de Navarrete