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Sommelier > Bordeaux > Flashcards

Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

Bordeaux Climate

A

Maritime

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2
Q

What Rivers meet north of the city of Bordeaux?

A
  • Garonne
  • Dordogne
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3
Q

What rivers form the Gironde Estuary?

A
  • Garonne
  • Dordogne
    (both in Bordeaux)
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4
Q

Medoc and Graves Soil?

A

Gravel

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5
Q

Saint-Emilion Soil?

A

Gravel, limestone, and sand

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6
Q

Pomerol Soil?

A

Iron pan under sand and clay

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7
Q

Bordeaux Grape Varieties?

A

White
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Semillon
- Muscadelle (small quantities)

Red
- Merlot (the most widely planted)
- Cabernet Sauvignon
- Cabernet Franc
- Petit Verdot (small quantities)
- Malbec (allowed, but rarely seen today)
- Carmenere (allowed, but rarely seen)

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8
Q

Vinification from Medoc

A
  • 70% Cabernet Sauvignon
  • 30% Merlot
  • Some Cabernet Franc and Petit Verdot
  • Aged usually in French oak barrels
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9
Q

Vinification Saint-Emilion and Pomerol

A
  • 70% Merlot
  • 30% Cabernet Franc
  • Aged in French oak barrels
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10
Q

Vinification Dry White Wines Graves (left bank) and Entre-Deux-Mers

A
  • 80% Sauvignon Blanc
  • 20% Semillon
  • The majority of inexpensive white wines from Bordeaux are made without oak. Prestigious white wines tend to be aged in new French oak barriques.
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11
Q

Vinification of Sweet Wines Bordeaux

A
  • 80% Semillon
  • 20% Sauvignon Blanc
  • Muscadelle (small percentage)
  • Many sweet wines in Bordeaux are aged in new French oak barrels.
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12
Q

Bordeaux Appellations

A
  • Bordeaux AOP
  • Sub-Regional of District Appellations (ex. Haut Medoc AOP and Entre-Deux-Mers AOP
  • Commune Appellations (ex. Pauillac, Margaux, Pomerol, Saint Julien, Saint Estephe, St. Emilion)
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13
Q

Bordeaux Left Bank Most Renowned Wine Area

A

Medoc

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14
Q

Name Medoc’s Wine Appellations

A
  • Medoc
  • Saint-Estephe
  • Pauillac
  • Saint-Julien
  • Haut-Medoc
  • Margaux
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15
Q

Medoc’s Soil

A

Gravel, with great moisture draining properties. Perfect for Cabernet Sauvignon

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16
Q

Medoc Grape Varieties

A

Red wines only,
Cabernet Sauvignon based blends.

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17
Q

Medoc AOP’s

A
  • Sub-Regions
    • Medoc AOP
    • Haut-Medoc AOP
  • Commune
    • Saint-Estephe AOP
    • Pauillac AOP
    • Saint-Julien AOP
    • Margaux AOP
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18
Q

Explain Bordeaux 1855 Classification

A

Emperor Napoleon III commissioned a ranking of Bordeaux top chateaux for the Universal Exposition in Paris. Merchants and brokers ranked 61 properties in five tiers: first growth through fifth growth. They used historical record of the prices that each property’s wines commanded. The higher the price, the higher the ranking.
- Communes in the Right Bank were not part of the classification.
- One property in the Pessac-Leognan commune in Graves was included because Chateau Haut-Brion had long fetched a very high price.
- This was all a marketing decision

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19
Q

Name Bordeaux First Growth Chateaux of the 1855 Classification

A
  • Chateau Lafite-Rothchild
  • Chateau Latour
  • Chateau Mouton-Rothschild (elevated to first growth in 1973)
  • Chateau Margaux
  • Chateau Haut-Brion (Graves)
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20
Q

Graves AOP Soil

A

Gravel

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21
Q

Graves AOP Grape Varieties

A

White
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Semillon
Red
- Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc

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22
Q

Graves AOP Sub-Regions

A
  • Pessac-Leognan AOP
  • Vinification
    • Dry white wines
    • Dry red wines
    • New French Oak
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23
Q

Sauternes AOP Vinification

A
  • Botrytis-affected sweet wines
  • Oak aged, often in new French barrique
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24
Q

Entre-Deux-Mers AOP Soil

A

Very fertile silt

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25
Q

Entre-Deux-Mers AOP Grape Varieties

A

White
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Semillon
- Muscadelle

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26
Q

Entre-Deux-Mers AOP Vinification

A
  • Dry white wines only
  • Little to no oak, stainless steel
  • Red wines made in this area fall under the Bordeaux AOP Appellation
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27
Q

Name the Right Bank Wine Region

A

Saint-Emilion

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28
Q

Saint-Emilion Soils

A

(Proportions vary depending on the location)
- Large bed of silt, clay, and gravel
- Limestone plateau
- Sand

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29
Q

Saint-Emilion Grape Varieties

A
  • Merlot
  • Cabernet Franc
  • AOP for red wines only
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30
Q

Saint-Emilion AOP Appellations

A
  • Saint-Emilion AOP
  • Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOP (wines have an additional 0,5% alcohol and must undergo a longer aging than wines labeled Saint-Emilion AOP
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31
Q

Saint-Emilion Classification System

A
  • Instituted in 19556 with a goal to revision every 10 years. The most recent revision was in 2012.
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32
Q

Saint-Emilion Classification 2012

A
  • Premiers Grand Crus Classe A
    • Chateau Ausone
    • Chateau Angelus
    • Chateau Pavie
    • Chateau Cheval-Blanc
  • Premiers Grand Crus Classe B
    • 14 named chateaux
  • Grand Crus Classe
    • 64 named chateaux
33
Q

Pomerol AOP Locaion

A

Along the Dordogne River near the town of Libourne to the northwest of Saint Emilion.

A very small appellation, only 3 square miles.

34
Q

Pomerol AOP Soils

A
  • Sand
  • Clay
  • Gravel
  • Subsoil of iron pan and rich clay
35
Q

Pomerol AOP Grape Varieties

A

Merlot and Cabernet Franc-based blends.

36
Q

The Loire River Description

A
  • Longest river in France
  • Originating at the center of the country in the Massif Central and meandering 629 miles to the Atlantic Ocean.
  • Wine regions along its banks are remarkably diverse with distinct microclimates, wine styles, grape varieties, and growing conditions.
37
Q

Loire Valley Main Regions

A
  • Pays Nantais
  • Anjou-Samour
  • Touraine
  • Central Vineyards
38
Q

Pays Nantais Climate

A
  • Cool and wet maritime
  • Affected by proximity to the Atlantic Ocean
39
Q

Pays Nantais Soils

A

Gravel and sand over schist and granite

40
Q

Pays Nantais Grape Varieties

A

Melon de Bourgogne

41
Q

Pays Nantais Vinification

42
Q

Pays Nantais Appellations

A
  • Muscadet AOP
  • Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine AOP
43
Q

Anjou-Saumur Location

A

To the east of the Pays Nantais

44
Q

Anjou-Saumur Climate

A
  • Maritime/continental (shifting from the former to the latter as vineyard locations move inland)
  • Humid
45
Q

Anjou-Saumur Grape Varieties

A

White
- Chenin Blanc
Red
- Cabernet Franc

46
Q

Anjou-Saumur Appellations

A
  • Savennieres
  • Quarts-de-Chaume
  • Bonnezeaux
  • Anjou-Villages
  • Saumur
47
Q

Saumur AOP Grape Varieties & Vinification

A
  • Chenin Blanc
  • Cabernet Franc
  • Vinification; this AOP is well known for Chenin Blanc based sparkling wines
48
Q

Saumur AOP Grape Varieties and Vinification

A
  • Chenin Blanc
  • Cabernet Franc
  • This AOP is well known for Chenin Blanc-based sparkling wines.
49
Q

Savennieres AOP Location

A

Anjou-Saumur region.
North of the Loire River.
- Aspect Steep, south0pfacing hillsides

50
Q

Savennieres AOP Grape Varieties and Vinification

A
  • 100% Chenin Blanc
  • Vinification Sweet Wines
  • Viticulture Late harvest, botrytis-affected grapes.
51
Q

Bonnezeaux AOP Location

A

South of the Loire River on the bank of the Layon River

52
Q

Bonnezeaux AOP Climate

A

Humid (proximity of two rivers)

53
Q

Bonnezeaux AOPf Grape Variety and Vinification

A
  • 100% Chenin Blanc
  • Vinification: Sweet wines
  • Viticulture: Late-harvest, botrytis affected grapes.
54
Q

Quarts-de-Chaume AOP Location

A

South of the Loire River on the bank of the Layon River

55
Q

Quarts-de-Chaume AOP Location

A

South of the Loire River on the bank of the Layon River

56
Q

Quarts-de-Chaume AOP Climate

A

Humid (proximity to two rivers)

57
Q

Quarts-de-Chaume AOP Grape Variety and Vinification

A
  • 100% Chenin Blanc
  • Vinification: Sweet wines
  • Viticulture: Late-harvest, botrytis-affected grapes.
58
Q

Touraine Location

A

To the east of Anjou-Saumur

59
Q

Touraine Climate

A

Continental - less maritime influence as vineyard locations shift inland toward the east

60
Q

Touraine Soils

A

Tuffeau (soft, limestone)

61
Q

Touraine Grape Varieties

A
  • Chenin Blanc
  • Cabernet Franc
62
Q

Touraine Appellations

A
  • Chinon AOP
  • Bourgueil AOP
  • Vouvray AOP
63
Q

Chinon AOP Location

A

Touraine Region. South of the Loire River

64
Q

Chinon AOP Grape Varieties and Vinification

A
  • Cabernet Franc
  • Vinification: Dry red wines.
65
Q

Bourgueil AOP Location

A

Touraine Region. North bank of the Loire River.

66
Q

Bourgueil AOP Grape Varieties and Vinification

A
  • Cabernet Franc
  • Dry red wines
67
Q

Vouvray AOP Location

A

Touraine region. North bank of the Loire Valley.

68
Q

Vouvray Soil

69
Q

Vouvray Grape Varieties and Vinification

A
  • 100% Chenin Blanc
  • Vinification: Sparkling wines, dry wines, off-dry wines, sweet wines (moelleux).
70
Q

Central Vineyards Location

A

East of Touraine in the center of France

71
Q

Central Vineyards Climate

A

Continental

72
Q

Central Vineyards Soils

A
  • Silex (flint), limestone
  • Kimmeridgian clay
73
Q

Central vineyards Grape Varieties

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Pinot Noir
74
Q

Central Vineyards Appellations

A
  • Sancerre AOP
  • Puilly-Fume AOP
75
Q

Sancerre AOP Location

A

Central Vineyards region. West bank of the Loire River.

76
Q

Sancerre AOP Grape Varieties and Vinification

A
  • 100% Sauvignon Blanc
  • 100% Pinot Noir
  • Vinification: Dry red and white wines
77
Q

Pouilly-Fume AOP Location

A

Central Vineyards region. Eastern bank of the Loire River.

78
Q

Pouilly-Fume AOP Grape Varieties and Vinification

A
  • 100% Sauvignon Blanc
  • Vinification: Dry white wines only.

Sommelier (3 decks)

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