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Computing > Boolean algebra (unit 8) (Finished) > Flashcards

Boolean algebra (unit 8) (Finished) Flashcards

1
Q

(8.1) What are computers made of?

A

billions of switches that can be on or off

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2
Q

(8.1) How can switches in computers be used together

A

to create a logic gates

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3
Q

(8.1) What is a logic gate

A

Gates that take one or more inputs and output a single output

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4
Q

(8.1) What are the 4 main types of logic gates?

A

NOT
AND
OR
XOR

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5
Q

(8.1) What is a NOT gate

A

If 0 is input it outputs 1
If 1 is input it outputs 0

Triangle + ball shape

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6
Q

(8.1) What is an AND gate?

A

Both inputs have to be 1 in order to make the output 1
Otherwise the output is 0

fat semicircle shape

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7
Q

(8.1) What is an OR gate?

A

If either of the inputs are 1 then the output is 1
if both are 0 then the output is 0

Fat arrow shape

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8
Q

(8.1) What is an XOR gate?

A

exclusive or, means that only 1 of the inputs can be positive to make a positive output

Fat arrow with underlining shape

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9
Q

(8.1) What is a logic circuit?

A

The combination of multiple logic gates to create a circuit

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10
Q

(8.1) What is the symbol for a NOT gate?

A

dog leg (¬)

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11
Q

(8.1) What is the symbol for a AND gate?

A

up arrow (∧)

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12
Q

(8.1) What is the symbol for a OR gate?

A

V (∨)

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13
Q

(8.1) What is the symbol for a XOR gate?

A

Underlined V (⊻)

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14
Q

(8.1) How else can logic circuits be displayed?

A

Through Boolean expressions using symbols for the logic gates

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15
Q

(8.1) What is De Morgan’s first law?

A

¬(A ∨ B) = ¬A ∧ ¬B

NOT (A OR B) = NOT A AND NOT B

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16
Q

(8.1) What is De Morgan’s second law?

A

¬(A∧B) = ¬A∨¬B

NOT(A AND B) = NOT A OR NOT B

17
Q

(8.2) How can logic circuits be broken down into expressions

A

By finding the expression for each logic gate, then combining them at the end

(8.2 is basically all expansion on 8.1 and mostly practice Boolean questions)

18
Q

(8.3) What is a karnaugh map?

A

an alternative, easier method of displaying expressions in comparison to truth tables

19
Q

(8.3) How are karnaugh maps structured?

A

One value takes the X axis, one takes the Y axis

20
Q

(8.3) What happens if there are 3 variables in a karnaugh map?

A

Two of the variables go along the same side, going 00 01 11 10 instead of just 1 or 0

21
Q

(8.3) What happens if there are 4 variables in a karnaugh map?

A

There are now two variables on both axis of the map, each having 00 01 11 10

22
Q

(8.4)What is a half-adder?

A

A circuit that performs the addition of two bits

has the s column for the result and the c column for the carry bit

23
Q

(8.4)What is the formula for column C in a half adder?

A

C = A ∧ B

24
Q

(8.4)What is the formula for column S in a half adder?

A

S = A ⊻ B

25
Q

(8.4)What are the limitations of a half adder?

A

Can only add 1 bit numbers

it cannot use the carry from a previous addition as a third input to a subsequent addition

26
Q

(8.4)What is a full adder?

A

Combines 2 half adders into one, allows for more complex calculations

27
Q

(8.4)How many inputs does a full adder have?

A

3

28
Q

(8.4)Can multiple full adders be connected together?

A

Yes

29
Q

(8.4)What is a flip flop?

A

an elemental sequential logic unit

30
Q

(8.4)What is a D-type flip flop?

A

Has a data input (D) and a clock signal output

Can store 1 bit

31
Q

(8.4)How does edge triggering work with D-type flip flops?

A

If D is the same on the next clock pulse, the flip flop will retain its current value, otherwise it will flip

32
Q

(8.4)What are the uses of D-type flip flops?

A

Multiple D-type flip-flops are used to create registers and counters inside the CPU
They are used for the intermediate storage needed during arithmetic operations
Static RAM is also created using D-type flip-flops

Computing (14 decks)

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