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Communications > Books, Magizines, and Newspapers > Flashcards

Books, Magizines, and Newspapers Flashcards

1
Q

the most credible source of print media

A

books

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2
Q

earliest known rolls containing writing

A

papyrus

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3
Q

Why may people use books

A

leisure, durability, education, preservation

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4
Q

When were papyrus rolls first made

A

3500 b.c.

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5
Q

1st known alphabet, writing that was based on speech rather than symbols

A

phenocian alphabet

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6
Q

When was wooden block printing first seen

A

during the Tang Dysnasty

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7
Q

first printed book in existence

A

Diamond Sutra

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8
Q

What can be used as writing materials

A

paper, clay tablets animal skins, parchment, linen, wood-pulp paper

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9
Q

roman meathod of book binding that used sheets of papyrus/parchment between paper

A

codex

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10
Q

Advantages of the codex

A

grater ease of rading and made codexes possible

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11
Q

Invented the first printing press that used movable type

A

Johann Gutenberg

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12
Q

first book to be printed with movable type

A

Mazerian bible

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13
Q

made the first printing press in england

A

William Caxton

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14
Q

What were some social changes books gave

A

formed new opinions, which led to the protestant ref.

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15
Q

1st printing press in America, established at harvard University in 1638

A

Cambridge Press

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16
Q

Describe te people of the coloniel period and readng

A

only wealthy could afford books, as they were expensive, there was a low literacy rate

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17
Q

Literacy rate in 1800

A

10%

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18
Q

What led to higher education rates

A

Compulsery

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19
Q

What indestrial improvement lowered costs of books?

A

Steam Engines and Mechanica Typesetting Machines

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20
Q

How much were books in the 19th century

A

10 cents

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21
Q

literacy rate by 1900

A

90%

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22
Q

What happend in the publising goes public era?

A

Led to mergers and independant companies sold stocks

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23
Q

Causes of the public era

A

competition amoung public houses, mass demand for works of fiction, commercialization of litature, and printing with buisnesses

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24
Q

books sold in stores to general customers

A

trade books

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25
Q

published for students

A

textbooks

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26
Q

post-grad specialist

A

scholarly books

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27
Q

mass marketed titles sold at stands and stores

A

paperback

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28
Q

Mix of enertntainment, culture, and commentary

A

magizines

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29
Q

first magizine publcations, both cretated in England

A

The tattler and the spectator

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30
Q

early american mags

A

The Port Folio, North American Review, and the Saturday evening post

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31
Q

first mag to have an audience of women

A

godey’s lady book

32
Q

made around the time of the civil war, became a source for opinion

A

The Nation

33
Q

achieved mass ciruclation by making penny newspapers

A

Frank A. Munsey

34
Q

Characteritics of modern day mags

A

low priced, large cirulation, support from advetisers, and service to diverse audiences

35
Q

What did people refer to magizines as

A

people’s champions because they exposed corruption

36
Q 
journalists who attacked and sought
changes from oil companies,
meat-packing firms, medicine
manufacturers, city govt.’s, labor
organizations, U.S. Senate
A

muckrackers

37
Q

Why did muckrakers end

A

WWII

38
Q

How did mags improve in the 30s-50s

A

improvement in production processes, bolder graphics, higher quality, more photojournalism

39
Q

mag giants

A

Time, the new yorker

40
Q

buisness mags

A

fortune and buisness week

41
Q

Color photos of suggestive models

Competitive edge – bait for both male and
female readers (men wanted them, women
wanted to be them

“Esquire” – 1st of the “slick” mens’s
magazines

A

cover girl

42
Q

1st of the “slick” mens’s

magazines

A

esquire

43
Q

What was the effect of television on mags

A

TV made mags less popluar because it offered action, sound and color(1960s) and was affordable

44
Q

What was the subscription war

A

magizines cut down on circulation because they were losing money

45
Q

Began publishing in 4 regions as well as
nationally
Editorial content identical but advertising
varied by region
Advertisers able to reach particular regions
at lower cost

A

The Wall Street Journal

46
Q

what did regional edits do

A 
permitted advertisers and
manufacturers to reach customers whose
interest in news/ world affairs indicated high
education level/ affluence (valuable to
advertisers)
47
Q

Most signifigant change in mag history

A 
Shift from national magazines of general
interest (“Life”, “Look”) to more
specialized publications
Most magazines today appeal to specific
audiences in specific locales
48
Q

How do people prepare for the relase of the magizine

A 
Each issue prepared 4-6 months in
advance of publication
Some articles written by staff, others
contracted – balance of 2 techniques w/
edge toward staff writing b/c it is more
reliable and cheaper
Magazine editors try to maintain a
consistent tone – a proven format of
material that will appeal to the
magazine’s specific readership
49
Q

Editor decides what gets printed
Dictated by rigid requirements of specific
audience

A

Gatekeeping function

50
Q

Magizines that make the most money

A

National Geographic, Time, Reader’s Digest, people

51
Q

A geographically limited medium issued
regularly from a press on unbound paper
containing news, commentary, features, photos,
and advertising to serve the general interests of
a specific community or audience

A

newspaper

52
Q

5 departments of most newspapers

A 
News/ editorial
Advertising
Production
Circulation
Administration
53
Q 
Roman newspaper
Daily, handwritten gazette launched
by Julius Caesar, 59 BC
Reported newsworthy events, private
and official notices
A

Acta Diurna

54
Q

China’s early version of the
newspaper
Provided news to gov’t officials and
intellectual elite

A

Ti Pao

55
Q

Pamphlets dist. by English printers containign topical news

A

Tracts

56
Q 
Single sheet tracts dealing w/ current/
foreign affairs (common by 1621)
A

corantos

57
Q

4 page bulletins of local news (1640’s)

A

diurnals

58
Q

1st American Newspaper

A

“Publick Occurrences, both Foreign

and Domestick”

59
Q

What happend to “Publick Occurrences, both Foreign

and Domestick”

A

It was ended by authorties because it did not have a lisence

60
Q

Strategy of licensing that effectively
prevented “dangerous” ideas from
being printed

A

prior restraint

61
Q

America’s 1st continuing newspaper
Published with support of colonial
gov’t

A

The Boston Newsletter

62
Q

Who made the boston newsletter

A

John Campbell

63
Q

“published by authority”
Contents similar to “Boston
Newsletter” (trite/ boring)

A

The Boston Gazette

64
Q

who made the boston gazette

A

William Brooker

65
Q

Differed from predecessors in

content and lack of proper license

A

The New England Corrant

66
Q

Who was the author of the New England Corrant

A

James Franklin

67
Q

challenges for early newspapers

A

Struggle for freedom of the press
without prior restraint
Quest to allow truth of statements as
a defense for libel

68
Q

Who wrote the crisis papers

A

thomas paine

69
Q

who wrote the federalist papers

A

alexander hamilton

70
Q

1st true mass-circulation newspaper

Started by Benjamin Day in 1833

A

The sun

71
Q

Why did the cost of newspapers decline

A

shifting of production costs to advertisers

72
Q 
1840-1870
Bridge btwn old and new press
Editors pursued principle of popular
appeal
Began methodical organization of
press into major social institution
A

era of personal editors

73
Q 
Editors invented incidents and
headlines to go with them
Facts played relatively small role –
excessive sensationalism
Consequence of circulation wars
Newspapers became big business
A

Yellow Journalism

74
Q

non-newspaper content of the 1800s-1900s

A

Comic strips, advice columns,

puzzles, features, weekly columns

75
Q

1920’s and 30’s
Represented renewed appeal of
sensationalism

A

Jazz journalism

76
Q

Smaller tabloid format provided
easier reading for subway riders
Largest circulation in the U.S.

A

New York Daily News

77
Q

Who founded the New York Times

A

Adolph Ochs in 1896

Communications (8 decks)

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